22,741 research outputs found

    Stepping into a mirror: temporary visits to the fictional city of Venice

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    Irrationality proof of a qq-extension of ζ(2)\zeta(2) using little qq-Jacobi polynomials

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    We show how one can use Hermite-Pad\'{e} approximation and little qq-Jacobi polynomials to construct rational approximants for ζq(2)\zeta_q(2). These numbers are qq-analogues of the well known ζ(2)\zeta(2). Here q=1pq=\frac{1}{p}, with pp an integer greater than one. These approximants are good enough to show the irrationality of ζq(2)\zeta_q(2) and they allow us to calculate an upper bound for its measure of irrationality: μ(ζq(2))10π2/(5π224)3.8936\mu(\zeta_q(2))\leq 10\pi^2/(5\pi^2-24) \approx 3.8936. This is sharper than the upper bound given by Zudilin (\textit{On the irrationality measure for a qq-analogue of ζ(2)\zeta(2)}, Mat. Sb. \textbf{193} (2002), no. 8, 49--70).Comment: 13 pages, one reference was corrected, two were adde

    Effect of multiple allelic drop-outs in forensic RMNE calculations

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    Technological advances such as massively parallel sequencing enable increasing amounts of genetic information to be obtained from increasingly challenging samples. Certainly on low template, degraded and multi-contributor samples, drop-outs will increase in number for many profiles simply by analyzing more loci, making it difficult to probabilistically assess how many drop-outs have occurred and at which loci they might have occurred. Previously we developed a Random Man Not Excluded (RMNE) method that can take into account allelic drop-out while avoiding detailed estimations of the probability that drop-outs have occurred, nor making assumptions about at which loci these drop-outs might have occurred. The number of alleles that have dropped out, does not need to be exactly known. Here we report a generic Python algorithm to calculate the RMNE probabilities for any given number of loci. The number of allowed drop-outs can be set between 0 and twice the number of analyzed loci. The source code has been made available on https://github.com/fvnieuwe/rmne. An online web-based RMNE calculation tool has been made available on http://forensic.ugent.be/rmne. The tool can calculate these RMNE probabilities from a custom list of probabilities of the observed and non-observed alleles from any given number of loci. Using this tool, we explored the effect of allowing allelic drop-outs on the evidential value of random forensic profiles with a varying number of loci. Our results give insight into how the number of allowed drop-outs affects the evidential value of a profile and how drop-out can be managed in the RMNE approach
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