Scutellarin regulates microglia-mediated TNC1 astrocytic reaction and astrogliosis in cerebral ischemia in the adult rats

Additional file 1: (A). Scutellarin at 0.54 mM did not elicit a noticeable reaction of GFAP/iNOS in TNC1. (B). iNOS mRNA expression in TNC1 astrocytes remained relatively unchanged at all time-points following treatment with BM, BM + L and CM; however, when incubated with CM + L for various time points, TNC1 showed a remarkable increase in iNOS peaking at 24 h. (C). Confocal images showing iNOS (C1-3) expression in TNC1 astrocytes incubated with different medium for 24 h. Compared with cells incubated in BM (C1) and BM + L (C2), TNC1 astrocytes incubated with CM + L (C3) were hypertrophic and showed a marked increase in iNOS immunofluorescence. Scale bars: 20 μm. DAPI—blue

Real-world TRAE association between niraparib and platinum-based chemotherapy

BackgroundPre-clinical studies showed the anti-tumor mechanisms of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum have some crossover and overlap in the DNA damage repair pathway, patients who respond to platinum-based chemotherapy are also more likely to be sensitive to PARPi. This real-world study mainly aimed to evaluate whether TRAE (treatment-related adverse event) between platinum based chemotherapy (PBC) and niraparib are also associated.MethodsPatients received niraparib as maintenance treatment or salvage therapy for advanced ovarian cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from January 2020 to August 2023 were included. Survival data of niraparib treatment and adverse events occurred during the last platinum-based chemotherapy cycle before starting niraparib treatment and during niraparib treatment are documented. Fisher’s exact test were used for correlation analysis.Results1. 40 patients treated with niraparib were included in the analysis, including 31 patients treated with niraparib for 1st-line maintenance therapy, 6 patients for PSR (platinum-sensitive recurrence) maintenance therapy, and 3 patients for salvage therapy. The overall median follow-up time was 15.0 months (ranged from 2.2 months to 32.1 months). 2. Overall grade≥3 TRAE (40% vs 70%, p=0.012) including anemia (20% vs 45%, p=0.041) and neutrophil count decreased (17.5% vs 57.5%, p<0.001) was significantly lower during niraparib treatment compared to during chemotherapy. 3. Any grade TRAE (75% vs 100%, p=0.002) including white blood cell count decreased (47.5% vs 87.5%, p<0.001), red blood cell count decreased (57.5% vs 92.5%, p<0.001), anemia (55% vs 87.5%, p<0.001) and neutrophil count decreased (35% vs 85%, p<0.001) were also significantly lower in niraparib treatment group compared with chemotherapy group. No new safety signals were identified.Conclusion1. In this real-world practice, we observed that patients with advanced ovarian cancer who experienced any grade and grade ≥3 TRAE during chemotherapy were well tolerated when treated with niraparib, particularly the incidence of any grade and grade ≥3 anemia, and neutrophil count decreased during niraparib treatment were significantly lower compared with that during chemotherapy. 2. For patients with ovarian cancer who have experienced grade ≥3 hematological adverse reactions during prior platinum-based chemotherapy, greater attention should be paid to the monitoring and management of hematological adverse reactions during subsequent treatment with niraparib

A semantic segmentation method to analyze retinal vascular parameters of diabetic nephropathy

IntroductionBy using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to measure retinal blood vessels. The correlation between the changes of retinal vascular structure and the degree of diabetic nephropathy is analyzed with a full-pixel Semantic segmentation method.MethodsA total of 120 patients with diabetic nephropathy who were treated in the nephrology department of Quzhou People’s Hospital from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected and divided into three groups according to the urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). The groups included simple diabetes group (UACR < 30 mg/g), microalbuminuria group (30 mg/g ≤ UACR <300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria group (UACR ≥300 mg/g). SD-OCT was used to scan the arteries and veins in the superior temporal area B of the retina. The semantic segmentation method built into the SD-eye software was used to automatically identify the morphology and structure of the vessels and calculate the parameters of arteriovenous vessels. The parameters of arteriovenous vessels are as follows: outer diameter of the retinal artery (RAOD); inner diameter of the retinal artery (RALD); arterial wall thickness (AWT); arterial wall to lumen ratio (AWLR); cross sectional area of arterial wall (AWCSA); retinal vein outer diameter (RVOD); retinal vein inner diameter (RVLD); vein wall thickness (VWT); vein wall to lumen ratio (VWLR); cross sectional area of vein wall (VWCSA). Statistical analysis software was used to compare and analyze the parameters of retinal arteriovenous vessels of the three groups.ResultsThe study revealed statistically significant differences in RAOD and RALD among the three groups (p < 0.05) with the RAOD and RALD of the macroalbuminuria group and microalbuminuria group being lower than those of the simple diabetes group. Conversely, there were no significant differences in AWT, AWLR and AWCSA among the three groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, the differences in RVOD and RVLD among the three groups were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) with the RVOD and RVLD of the simple diabetes group being lower than those of the microalbuminuria group and macroalbuminuria group. No significant differences were observed in VWT and VWL among the groups. Additionally, RVOD and RVLD were weakly associated with UACR (R = 0.247, p = 0.007; R = 0.210, p = 0.021). Full-pixel semantic segmentation method combined with OCT images is a new retinal vascular scanning technology, which can be used as a new method for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. The structural changes of retinal vessels can be used to predict the severity of diabetic nephropathy during the development of diabetic nephropathy

Evaluation of lake eutrophication under different hydrological connectivity conditions

Lake eutrophication has become a significant water environmental issue worldwide. In order to further explore the mechanism of hydrologic connectivity on lake eutrophication and effectively control it, this study selected Poyang Lake, Junshan Lake, Chi Lake, Taibo Lake, and Yao Lake with varying degrees of hydrological connectivity in the Poyang Lake region as research subjects. The study utilized the comprehensive Trophic Level Index (TLI) method to assess the eutrophication of lakes. It also examined the impact of hydrological connectivity on eutrophication evaluation indices and the eutrophication state on a spatiotemporal scale. The results showed that the change in the hydrological period has little effect on the eutrophication of lakes, whether they are connected or obstructed. Except for Yao Lake, which was in a moderately eutrophic state (60, 70], the other four lakes were in a mildly eutrophic state (50, 60], consistent with the Trophic State Index (TSI) evaluation results. The eutrophication evaluation indices of obstructed lakes were significantly different from those of river-connected lakes. The change in eutrophication evaluation index of obstructed lakes was more likely to be influenced by human factors, whereas that of rivers-connected lakes was closely associated with hydrological connectivity. At present, there is a risk of a cyanobacteria bloom outbreak in Poyang Lake and its surrounding lakes. Therefore, this study suggests that strict control of point and non-point source pollution in the lake region, along with the scientific and reasonable formulation of a cultivation model, will effectively prevent lake eutrophication and cyanobacteria bloom outbreaks. This study provides theoretical support for investigating the mechanisms of lake eutrophication

Progress of mesenchymal stem cells affecting extracellular matrix metabolism in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

Abstract Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent pelvic floor dysfunction in women post-pregnancy. Currently, conservative treatment options have low success rates, while surgical interventions often result in multiple complications. The altered state of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a pivotal factor in the onset of various diseases and likely plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SUI, particularly through changes in collagen and elastin levels. Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy have shown considerable promise in treating SUI by modulating ECM remodeling, thereby enhancing the supportive tissues of the female pelvic floor. MSCs exhibit substantial potential in enhancing urethral sphincter function, modulating connective tissue architecture, and stimulating fibroblast activity. They play a pivotal role in the reconstruction and functional recovery of the ECM by influencing various signaling pathways, including TGF-β/SMAD, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and ERK/MAPK. We have reviewed the advancements in MSC-mediated ECM metabolism in SUI and, by integrating the functions of ECM in other diseases and how MSCs can ameliorate conditions through their impact on ECM metabolism, we have projected the future trajectory of SUI treatment development

Lightweight UAV Detection Method Based on IASL-YOLO

The widespread application of drone technology has raised security concerns, as unauthorized drones can lead to illegal intrusions and privacy breaches. Traditional detection methods often fall short in balancing performance and lightweight design, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained scenarios. To address this, we propose the IASL-YOLO algorithm, which optimizes the YOLOv8s model to enhance detection accuracy and lightweight efficiency. First, we design the CFE-AFPN network to streamline the architecture while boosting feature fusion capabilities across non-adjacent layers. Second, we introduce the SIoU loss function to address the orientation mismatch issue between predicted and ground truth bounding boxes. Finally, we employ the LAMP pruning algorithm to compress the model. Experimental results on the Anti-UAV dataset show that the improved model achieves a 2.9% increase in Precision, a 6.8% increase in Recall, and 3.9% and 3.8% improvements in mAP50 and mAP50-95, respectively. Additionally, the model size is reduced by 75%, the parameter count by 78%, and computational workload by 30%. Compared to mainstream algorithms, IASL-YOLO demonstrates significant advantages in both performance and lightweight design, offering an efficient solution for drone detection tasks

The Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 in Hot and Dry Atmospheric Environment in Turpan, China

The corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy AZ31 in the hot and dry atmospheric environment was investigated. The results showed that the electrochemical process was hindered and the intergranular corrosion was the main degraded mechanism in this condition. The dominate corrosion product during the exposure time was Mg-5(CO3)(4)(OH)(2)center dot 0.5H(2)O, and the product layer reduced the corrosion rate. The content of aluminum was higher in the product layer than that of the substrate. The electrochemical measurements revealed that the influence of the layer mainly on the anodic procedure