Razvoj ideje javnog emitiranja i tranzicija na španjolskoj televiziji

The paper examines the presence of the public interest in contemporary Spanish television medium. For many years there was a solidly-held belief that there are important public assets (principally educational, cultural and democratic) which could only be provided by public television. In recent years in Spain, after the Transition process, and with democracy having been consolidated, a new period of maturity in television, in which society itself demands and expects that television in general, both public and private, guarantees a series of values and public assets. In the first part, the author explains what are the origins of television in Spain: from what is the nature of public service and legislation that supports it (where are established the public interest criteria that must always prevail in the public television medium, and private television later) to the development and consolidation of the television system in Spain with the arrival of regional television, private television channels and pay television platforms. In the second part of the paper, the situation of the programme listings of general public and private television channels which operate in Spain is analyzed through the case study of the first week of March 2009. The study of prime time enables to know which are the most important genres of television programming in Spain and what television preserve the public interest. Finally which audience and what kinds of programs and genres connect with the interest of the citizens are discussed. The main objective is to study how the concept of public interest has changed in programming and how this is developing currentlyRad ispituje prisutnost javnog interesa u suvremenom španjolskom televizijskom mediju. Dugo je prevladavalo uvjerenje da postoje važna načela javnog interesa (prvenstveno edukacijska, kulturna i demokratska) koja mogu biti zadovoljena jedino od javne televizije. Posljednjih godina u Španjolskoj, nakon tranzicijskog procesa, i nakon konsolidacije demokracije, novi period zrelosti televizije, u kojoj samo društvo zahtijeva i očekuje da televizija općenito, javna kao i privatna, garantira niz vrijednosti i javnih načela. U prvom dijelu, autorica objašnjava podrijetlo televizije u Španjolskoj: od toga koja je priroda javnog emitiranja i zakonodavstva koja je podržava (gdje su ustanovljeni kriteriji javnog interesa koji uvijek moraju prevladavati u javnom televizijskom mediju, i privatnoj televiziji kasnije) do razvoja konsolidacije televizijskog sistema u Španjolskoj s dolaskom regionalne televizije, privatnih televizijskih kanala i televijske platforme koje se plaćaju. U drugom dijelu rada, programi javnih i privatnih televizijskih kanala koji djeluju u Španjolskoj analiziraju se kroz studiju slučaja u prvom tjednu ožujka 2009. Studija prime time-a omogućuje saznanje o tome koji su najvažniji žanrovi televizijskog programa u Španjolskoj i koje su televizijske kuće očuvale interese javnosti. Na kraju raspravlja se koje se publike i koje vrste programa i žanrova povezuju s interesom građana. Glavni cilj je proučiti kako se koncept javnog interesa promijenio u kreiranju programa i koji su suvremeni trendovi

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Perspectiva de género en el inicio de consumo de tabaco: un punto de partida para la prevención

La prevención del consumo de tabaco en población adolescente es uno de los principales objetivos de las políticas de salud pública en España. El número de chicos que inician el consumo se está manteniendo estable en los últimos años, con tendencia al descenso del número de consumidores y al aumento de la edad de inicio en el consumo, en cambio en las chicas no se observa la misma tendencia, ya que a partir de los trece años su consumo es superior al de los chicos de su misma edad. Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar las diferencias de género en el uso de tabaco por parte de los adolescentes y determinar diferencias de género que puedan estar presentes en aquellos factores considerados de riesgo en el consumo.Método: una muestra de 1.483 chicos y 1.358 chicas de 10 escuelas de educación secundaria del municipio de Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona). Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario diseñado especialmente para el estudio, a fi n de evaluar patrones de consumo y factores de riesgo tradicionales (percepción de disponibilidad, riesgo de consumo, consumo en el ámbito familiar y en el grupo de iguales y ocupación del tiempo libre). El cuestionario también incluía escalas sobre preocupación por el peso (DT del EDI-2) y la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg. Se aplicaron en el análisis estadístico las pruebas de Chi. Cuadrado y la T. de Student a fin de observar diferencias de género en patrones de consumo y factores de riesgo

Accessibilitat i videojocs

En els últims anys la societat cada cop s’està envellint més gràcies als progressos de la medicina. L’esperança de vida ha augmentat bastant en la nostra zona i una part important de la nostra població té més de 60 anys. Que l’esperança hagi augmentat també comporta algunes desavantatges, com per exemple problemes de salut. Molts cops és necessari l’ús de la rehabilitació, que ha millorat la seva efectivitat i cobertura als pacients gràcies a la integració de les noves tecnologies. Actualment la crisis econòmica ha provocat retallades importants en la sanitat pública. S’han fet ajustaments de plantilla, i s’ha millorat l’eficiència per tal de reduir costos. Una de les maneres de millorar l’eficiència és amb la tecnologia dels videojocs, poden millorar la cobertura als pacients i aportar la capacitat de fer més exercicis. Cada cop més s’està utilitzant per a la rehabilitació de pacients. L’objectiu d’aquest treball es disposar d’una eina per la creació o pràctica d’exercicis de rehabilitació. Aquesta eina ha d’aprofitar les avantatges de les consoles de videojocs i reconèixer els moviments realitzats pel pacient per a poder fer un seguiment del progrés a distància. Aquest treball també permetrà monitoritzar a un familiar o pacient que està a la seva casa, de manera que podrem reconèixer diferents patrons de comportament. Per exemple, si ha caigut, o ha obert el calaix de les medicines, etc.. El resultat d’aquests exercicis es publicaran en una xarxa social personalitzada, així els familiars o el personal sanitari podran fer un seguiment del pacient. També tindran la possibilitat de monitoritzar l’habitació del pacient de manera remota. La aplicació resultant serà interactiva i de fàcil seguiment, que millorarà l’eficiència de la sanitat

The evaluation of gender equity in early childhood education: parallel study in the department of La Paz (Bolivia) and Catalonia (Spain)

En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de un estudio sobre la equidad de género en educación infantil en dos países con realidades políticas, sociales y culturales bien distintas como son el Departamento de La Paz en Bolivia y la Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña en España. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la equidad de género en la práctica educativa de estos dos contextos. El diseño metodológico utilizado es de tipo descriptivo y cuantitativo. En ambos casos se pasó el mismo cuestionario para evaluar el trato, la gestión y los planteamientos pedagógicos, así como también las actitudes personales de los adultos, en concreto maestros y maestras, sobre la equidad de género en las aulas de educación infantil. Los resultados obtenidos indican cómo son de complejas las condiciones que inciden en la educación para la equidad de género, ya que se observa como el contexto cultural condiciona nuestro comportamiento. Por ello, la importancia de que se realice una evaluación de la equidad de género de forma frecuente en los equipos docentes a fin de favorecer cambios positivos al respecto. Sabemos que los modelos ofrecidos por los adultos a lo largo del desarrollo de los niños tienen un gran valor. Por lo tanto más que vigilar los discursos verbales debemos controlar nuestra conducta a fin de poder ofrecer modelos que favorezcan la educación en valores, concretamente en la equidad de género.In this paper, we present the results of a study on gender equity in early childhood education in two countries with quite different political, social and cultural realities: the La Paz Department of Bolivia and the Spanish Autonomous Community of Catalonia. The aim of this article is to study gender equity in educational practice in these two differing contexts. The methodology used is descriptive and quantitative. In both cases, the same questionnaire was administered to assess treatment, management, educational approach, and personal attitudes of adults, particularly male and female teachers, towards gender equity in early childhood education classrooms. Results show how complex the conditions influencing education are, as it can be observed how the cultural context conditions our behavior and thus the importance of carrying out frequent gender equity assessments among teaching staff in order to promote positive changes in this sense. We are aware that the models offered by adults to children during their development are very valuable. Therefore, rather than paying attention to verbal discourses, we have to control our behavior in order to provide models that promote education in values, particularly in gender equity

Cortos con mucho recorrido

In Cinema contó con ciclos cinematográficos, encuentros con creadores, proyecciones temáticas, exposiciones y mesas redondas. La sección ‘Miradas con futuro’, acogió diez cortos realizados por alumnos del Grado en Comunicación Audiovisual de la UC3M. La universidad programó dos talleres en el festival, uno de efectos especiales de maquillaje y otro de efectos digitales.Contiene: Vínculo entre la universidad y Getafe / Carmen Ciller (p. 14) .-- Ponerse a prueba y aprender / Alejandro Largo Hurtado, Jorge Montoro Cano (p. 15)

New Trends in Beverage Packaging Systems: A Review

New trends in beverage packaging are focusing on the structure modification of packaging materials and the development of new active and/or intelligent systems, which can interact with the product or its environment, improving the conservation of beverages, such as wine, juice or beer, customer acceptability, and food security. In this paper, the main nutritional and organoleptic degradation processes of beverages, such as oxidative degradation or changes in the aromatic profiles, which influence their color and volatile composition are summarized. Finally, the description of the current situation of beverage packaging materials and new possible, emerging strategies to overcome some of the pending issues are discussed

Natural additives and agricultural wastes in biopolymer formulations for food packaging

The main directions in food packaging research are targeted toward improvements in food quality and food safety. For this purpose, food packaging providing longer product shelf-life, as well as the monitoring of safety and quality based upon international standards, is desirable. New active packaging strategies represent a key area of development in new multifunctional materials where the use of natural additives and/or agricultural wastes is getting increasing interest. The development of new materials, and particularly innovative biopolymer formulations, can help to address these requirements and also with other packaging functions such as: food protection and preservation, marketing and smart communication to consumers. The use of biocomposites for active food packaging is one of the most studied approaches in the last years on materials in contact with food. Applications of these innovative biocomposites could help to provide new food packaging materials with improved mechanical, barrier, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. From the food industry standpoint, concerns such as the safety and risk associated with these new additives, migration properties and possible human ingestion and regulations need to be considered. The latest innovations in the use of these innovative formulations to obtain biocomposites are reported in this review. Legislative issues related to the use of natural additives and agricultural wastes in food packaging systems are also discussed

Use of herbs, spices and their bioactive compounds in active food packaging

The interest and societal demand on the use of natural, biodegradable and renewable resources has increased in the last few years. In addition, food producers and consumers have improved their requirements for the quality of processed food, particularly in the field of increasing shelf-life while preserving organoleptic and nutritional properties. Active packaging technologies have greatly developed in the last decade by trying to satisfy the need for long-life processed food in addition to antioxidant/antimicrobial components in the packaging material. These components are intended to be released in a controlled way to food. These rising trends have been reflected in the field of food packaging by the use of chemicals extracted and obtained from plants in active packaging formulations. Herbs and spices have shown great potential to be used as renewable, biodegradable and valuable sources of chemicals, such as polyphenols, with high antioxidant/antimicrobial performance. This review aims to present the latest published work in this area.Authors would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) by their financial support (Project MAT2011-28648-C02-01). Moreover, Marina Ramos would like to thank University of Alicante (Spain) for UAFPU2011-48539721S predoctoral research grant