TAS2R38 is a novel modifer gene in patients with cystic fbrosis

The clinical manifestation of cystic fbrosis (CF) is heterogeneous also in patients with the same cystic fbrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) genotype and in afected sibling pairs. Other genes, inherited independently of CFTR, may modulate the clinical manifestation and complications of patients with CF, including the severity of chronic sinonasal disease and the occurrence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. The T2R38 gene encodes a taste receptor and recently its functionality was related to the occurrence of sinonasal diseases and upper respiratory infections. We assessed the T2R38 genotype in 210 patients with CF and in 95 controls, relating the genotype to the severity of sinonasal disease and to the occurrence of P. aeruginosa pulmonary colonization. The frequency of the PAV allele i.e., the allele associated with the high functionality of the T2R38 protein, was signifcantly lower in i) CF patients with nasal polyposis requiring surgery, especially in patients who developed the complication before 14 years of age; and ii) in CF patients with chronic pulmonary colonization by P. aeruginosa, especially in patients who were colonized before 14 years of age, than in control subjects. These data suggest a role for T2R38 as a novel modifer gene of sinonasal disease severity and of pulmonary P. aeruginosa colonization in patients with CF

La Bielorussia alla ricerca della propria identità e il processo di confessionalizzazione dello Stato

SOMMARIO: 1. Dal socialismo di Stato allo Stato confessionale - 2. L’Accordo di collaborazione con l’Esarcato della Chiesa ortodossa Russa in Bielorussia - 3. Le materie oggetto di accordo e la confessionalizzazione delle istituzioni e dello Stato - 4. Gli accordi con gli altri culti tradizionali - 5. Il prezzo dell’alleanza: la lotta alle nuove confessioni religiose attraverso la legge sulla libertà religiosa - 6. Alcune considerazioni finali. Belarus in search of its identity and the process of confessionalisation of the State ABSTRACT: The current piece analyzes the stages characterizing the transition from State socialism to State Confessionalism through the Collaboration Agreement between the Belorussian Government and the Exarcate of the Russian Orthodox Church in Belarus. The main subjects of the agreement and the confessionalisation process of the institutions are taken into account. The essay deals with the alteration of the basic functions of the Belorussian State, namely education, health services and assistancy to the segregating foundations, etc. Furthermore, the agreements with other traditional religious groups are relevant. In this regard, the law on religious freedom is mainly used to resist the spread of such new cults. The study is then finalized to highlight the existing link between the Russian Orthodox Church traditions and cultural heritage with the estabilishment of a national identity. This symbolic bond is then used to build the basis of a new State with strong religious features in sensitive matters such as the control over births, bridal affairs, cultural and social valuesin a nationalist and sovereignist key

Confessioni e comunità religiose nell’Europa dell’Est, pluralismo religioso e politiche legislative degli Stati

SOMMARIO: Sistemi di classificazione dei rapporti e individuazione degli interlocutori istituzionali delle confessioni religiose - 2. Il “laboratorio” dell’Europa dell’Est come luogo di sperimentazione del pluralismo intra confessionale - 3. La gestione delle relazioni tra Stato e confessioni religiose attraverso gli uffici - 4. I problemi nuovi posti dal moltiplicarsi delle confessioni nei diversi paesi europei - 4.1. L’area baltica - 4.2. (segue) Le Repubbliche russofone - 4.3. (segue) Le Repubbliche dell’Europa Centrale - 4.4. (segue) I Balcani Orientali - 4.5. (segue) I territori della ex Repubblica Jugoslava - 4.6. (segue) Le scelte differenziate delle Repubbliche ex jugoslave in materia di Rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose - 5. La felice anomalia albanese - 6. Un contributo all’elaborazione di linee guida ai rapporti tra Stato e confessioni religiose in Europa. Confessions and religious communities in Eastern Europe, religious pluralism and legislative policies of the States ABSTRACT: The intervention reconstructs the supporting lines of the activity of the national office of each legal system in charge with the maintenance of the relations between the State and the confessions and religious communities in the Eastern European countries. Through this perspective, the ecclesiastical politics of 19 countries is reconstructed, highlighting the genesis and the peculiar characteristics of their legislations and highlighting the underlying lines that are at the root of the choices of their systems. Particular attention is dedicated to the definition of the different models to which the States refer in relation to their effectiveness in maintaining religious peace while respecting the principle of equality and freedom among the various religious confessions. The article aims to be a contribution to the development of guidelines for relations between the state and religious confessions in Europe

Problemi e modelli di libertà religiosa individuale e collettiva nell’Est Europa: contributo a un nuovo diritto ecclesiastico per l’Unione Europea

Contributo destinato alla pubblicazione negli Scritti in onore di Giovanni Barberini,in corso di stampa.SOMMARIO: 1. Le nuove prospettive del diritto ecclesiastico - 2. Dall’Est ilrecupero dell’integrità della memoria - 3. Problemi specifici delle grandi famigliereligiose dell’Est nei rapporti con lo Stato - 4. La tutela individuale della libertàreligiosa e di coscienza

Autocefalia vo’ cercando ch’è si cara

SOMMARIO: 1. Stati a identità debole e rapporti con le confessioni religiose - 2. Il cratere balcanico - 3. La Bosnia Erzegovina terreno di confronto identitario e di rifiuto dell’autocefalia - 4. Un rapporto sinfonico contestato: il Montenegro - 5. Le denominazioni contese: la Macedonia del Nord - 6. L’Ucraina alla ricerca dell’identità - 7. Autonomia confessionale e autocefalia: per una nuova nozione di territorio canonico. … Is seeking for autocephaly, which is so precious!/ They go in search of autocephaly- so precious! / Of autocephalous they journey: how dear it is! ABSTRACT: The "Weak States" of the Balkans born from the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the USSR seek legitimacy and struggle to strengthen their national identity. This is currently happening through the recognition of autocephaly to their Orthodox Churches in order to build on the symphonic and stable relationship between State and Churches. The article analyzes the status of relations between the state entities of Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia and Ukraine. In this perspective, the conflict between different religious designations claiming to be represented as identity representations before the State is highlighted. Additionally, the conflicts within the Orthodox pae granting the tomos to recognize autocephaly are explored

Denominazione della persona e appartenenza religiosa. Il nome arabo dei credenti musulmani

Contributo sottoposto a valutazioneSOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. La scelta del nome nella religione e nella tradizione islamica - 3. L’assunzione di un nome in lingua araba da parte dei convertiti - 4. Il divieto di nome islamico e il suo abbandono forzoso come strumento di “integrazione-assimilazione” - 5. L’assunzione del nome nel diritto civile italiano e la possibilità di mutarlo - 6. Diritto internazionale privato e diritto al nome. Name of the person and religious affiliation. The Arabic name of MuslimsThe structure of the name is a set of an element of identity and religious need for the people converted to different religion, who taking in touch with a new religious belief feel the need to reborn in the new faith. Furthermore, for Muslims, possession of Arabic name is prerequisite in order that Allah can recognize them as faithful. Author reconstructs Islamic traditions related to the choice of the name and makes a reference to the obstacles placed between some States for possession of an Arabic name by Muslims to destroy its identity. Finally reports the rules of the Italian civil law on the subject and in those concerned with private international law

Il ritorno del waqf

Contributo sottoposto a valutazioneSOMMARIO: 1. Premessa – 2. La concezione della ricchezza nel mondo musulmano - 3. Il waqf all’interno del sistema dei “furu al figh”. Definizione di waqf o hubus - 4. IlBonyads, le fondazioni di beneficienza nella variante sciita – 5. La struttura del waqf khayrì - 6. Gli elementi costitutivi delle causae piae e del waqf khayrì a confronto - 7. Il negozio giuridico costitutivo delle causae piae e del waqf khayrì - 8. Caratteri strutturali comuni e analoga funzione dei due istituti giuridici: effetti rispetto ai beni che ne costituiscono l’oggetto - 9. Confronto tra i regimi giuridici relativi al subiectum administrationis nelle causae piae e nel waqf khayrì - 10. Alcune riflessioni conclusive.ABSTRACT The return of waqfThe essay reconstruct role and structure of the waqf, typical institution of Islamic law, by a comparison of it with the “causae piae”, to highlight the concordances and differences, emphasizing the institution's use in the management of the charity and of places of worship in the Muslim ambit, in particular mosques and activities related to them. Particular attention is paid to the activities with social purposes for the realization of the Islamic Welfare, operated by religious communities, with believers support (public waqf). Frequent are the references to the charity structure in the Anglo-Saxon law. The Autor envisages the opportunity to a number of agreements with the various components of Islam, in which specific parts can find a place, dedicated to waqf as entity inspired by religious reasons, and a review of the general favorable legislation ensured by the State to all religious bodies, and to those who carry out social activities obtaining profit

Autocefalia ortodossa e pluralismo confessionale nella Macedonia del Nord

SOMMARIO: Premessa - 1. La Chiesa Ortodossa Macedone - 2. Problemi giuridici della costituzione della Chiesa Ortodossa (autocefala) di Ohrid - 3. Gli effetti dell’autocefalia e il consolidamento dello Stato della Macedonia del Nord - 4. L’ortodossia tra autocefalia e pluralismo confessionale - 5. L’ecumene ortodossa e la problematica gestione della diaspora - 6. Il ruolo dei Patriarcati della diaspora nel rinnovamento dell’Ortodossia. Orthodox autocephaly and confessional pluralism in Northern Macedonia ABSTRACT: The paper reconstructs the history of the Macedonian Orthodox Church and the path that led it, after many vicissitudes, to obtain autocephaly from the Serbian Orthodox Church, with the name of the Orthodox Church of Ohrid, using the mediation of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The implications of the affair are analyzed with the schism that opposes the Ecumenical Patriarchate to the Russian Patriarchate and its repercussions on pan-Orthodox relations, also in relation to the Orthodox diaspora

The omitted role of the Churches in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict

SUMMARY: 1. Premise - 2. The recognition of the Autocephaly of the new Ukrainian Orthodox Church as a factor of crisis of relations between Ukraine and Russia - 3. The stages of the crisis - 4. The Kiev Metropolia of the Moscow Patriarchate and the War - 5. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the war. ABSTRACT: The paper analyzes the effects of the recognition of autocephaly by the new Ukrainian Orthodox Church. It constitutes one of the crisis factors in relations between Ukraine and Russia in the ongoing clash in the Orthodox Churches between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church. The article reconstructs the positions of the various religious denominations present in Ukraine in contending for the representation of the interests of the Ukrainian people. It explores how the war is undermining the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and its Metropolia of Kiev. It also analyzes the role played in the crisis by the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Catholic Church, a sui juris Church that aspires to play a supranational role