Do concentrations of ethinylestradiol, estradiol and diclofenac in European rivers exceed proposed EU environmental quality standards?

This study used a geographic based water model to predict the environmental concentrations of three pharmaceuticals, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), and diclofenac throughout European rivers. The work was prompted by the proposal of the European Community (COM(2011)876) to consider these chemicals as candidates for future control via environmental quality standards (EQS). National drug consumption information, excretion, national water use, and sewage removal rates, were used to derive per capita sewage effluent values for the European countries . For E2, excretion rates of the natural hormone and national demographics were also included. Incorporating this information into the GWAVA model allowed water concentrations throughout Europe’s rivers to be predicted. The mean concentration from the expected sewage discharge scenario indicated that 12% by length of Europe’s rivers would reach concentrations greater than the proposed 0.035 ng/L EQS for EE2. For several countries, between a quarter and a third of their total river length would fail such an EE2 EQS. For E2, just over 1% by length of rivers would reach concentrations greater than the 0.4 ng/L proposed EQS, while just over 2% by length of rivers would reach concentrations greater than the proposed EQS of 100 ng/L for diclofenac

Minimum egzystencji zobowiązanego i jego rodziny w toku egzekucji administracyjnej

Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

Xenoestrogens: environmental ubiquity, endocrine disruption, carcinogenic potential, and regulatory challenges

Xenoestrogens are chemicals that mimic natural estrogens and disrupt hormonal balance, posing health risks such as endocrine disruption and cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the widespread presence of xenoestrogens in various environmental matrices, encompassing not only pesticides and industrial chemicals but also water, soil, air, and consumer products. Exposure during critical periods such as fetal development and puberty is of particular concern. Increased awareness of the effects of xenoestrogens on hormonal and reproductive health is essential to address their potential long-term health impacts. The presented paper discusses the principal sources of xenoestrogens, elucidating the endocrine mechanisms they activate, and delineating the potential risks associated with neoplastic development.To obtain up-to-date information on trends in xenoestrogens, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, along with the latest legislative reports in Europe and Poland, were reviewed. This study aimed to explore current research on the mechanisms, health impacts, environmental implications, and potential neoplastic threats related to xenoestrogens across diverse ecosystems, with a specific emphasis on their effects on human health and well-bein

Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks (AmED): A Perfect Recipe For Disaster. An Analysis Of AmED Consumption And Potential Health Effects

Introduction and purpose of research With the surge of popularity of energy drinks, a growing trend of mixing alcohol with energy drinks (AmED) has been observed, particularly among youth and young adults. This review aims to explore both the mechanism of action of this mixture as well as its short- and long-term effects.   Research Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to identify studies on the health effects of alcohol mixed with energy drinks. The search included keywords such as “alcohol mixed with energy drinks”, "alcohol AND energy drinks" and "AmED AND health effects".   Basic results Studies consistently report an association between AmED consumption and an increased risk of cardiovascular, mental, and kidney diseases, binge drinking and risky behaviors more frequently than those who consume alcohol alone. A common effect among AmED consumers is “false sobriety”, a phenomenon where individuals feel less intoxicated despite consuming high amounts of alcohol. However, due to the limited number of controlled human studies, the precise physiological and molecular interactions between caffeine and alcohol still remain unclear.   Conclusions The ban on pre-mixed AmED products has not yet yielded satisfactory results. Therefore, governments should explore alternative measures, such as stricter regulations on marketing and sales or public awareness campaigns. This article highlights the issue of mixing alcohol with energy drinks, examining physiological effects, potential health risks, and broader societal impacts. With the growing popularity of this practice, our study emphasizes the need for continued research to guide effective prevention strategies and public health actions

Predicting concentrations of human pharmaceuticals throughout the river systems of Europe

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Air-drying temperature changes the content of the phenolic acids and flavonols in white mulberry (Morus alba l.) leaves

The white mulberry leaves are typically available on the market in dried or encapsulated form. It was assumed in the study that appropriate drying of leaves of the white mulberry is significant for obtaining intermediate products with high content of compounds having anti-oxidative activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the temperature of mulberry leaves air drying on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols. It has been determined that the content of these compounds in the leaves depended on the drying temperature. Drying at 60 \ub0C favored release of phenolic acids and flavonols from complexes and/or formation of new compounds. Their total content was 22% higher than in leaves dried at 30 \ub0C. Drying at 90 \ub0C reduced the phenolic acid and flavonol content by 24%. The most favorable drying temperature was 60 \ub0C

Somato-dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in endocrine and autonomic regulation

Somato‐dendritic secretion was first demonstrated over 30 years ago. However, although its existence has become widely accepted, the function of somato‐dendritic secretion is still not completely understood. Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells were among the first neuronal phenotypes in which somato‐dendritic secretion was demonstrated and are among the neurones for which the functions of somato‐dendritic secretion are best characterised. These neurones secrete the neuropeptides, vasopressin and oxytocin, in an orthograde manner from their axons in the posterior pituitary gland into the blood circulation to regulate body fluid balance and reproductive physiology. Retrograde somato‐dendritic secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin modulates the activity of the neurones from which they are secreted, as well as the activity of neighbouring populations of neurones, to provide intra‐ and inter‐population signals that coordinate the endocrine and autonomic responses for the control of peripheral physiology. Somato‐dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin have also been proposed to act as hormone‐like signals in the brain. There is some evidence that somato‐dendritic secretion from magnocellular neurosecretory cells modulates the activity of neurones beyond their local environment where there are no vasopressin‐ or oxytocin‐containing axons but, to date, there is no conclusive evidence for, or against, hormone‐like signalling throughout the brain, although it is difficult to imagine that the levels of vasopressin found throughout the brain could be underpinned by release from relatively sparse axon terminal fields. The generation of data to resolve this issue remains a priority for the field.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jne2021-04-17hj2020Immunolog

Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks (AmED): A Perfect Recipe For Disaster. An Analysis Of AmED Consumption And Potential Health Effects

Introduction and purpose of research With the surge of popularity of energy drinks, a growing trend of mixing alcohol with energy drinks (AmED) has been observed, particularly among youth and young adults. This review aims to explore both the mechanism of action of this mixture as well as its short- and long-term effects.   Research Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to identify studies on the health effects of alcohol mixed with energy drinks. The search included keywords such as “alcohol mixed with energy drinks”, "alcohol AND energy drinks" and "AmED AND health effects".   Basic results Studies consistently report an association between AmED consumption and an increased risk of cardiovascular, mental, and kidney diseases, binge drinking and risky behaviors more frequently than those who consume alcohol alone. A common effect among AmED consumers is “false sobriety”, a phenomenon where individuals feel less intoxicated despite consuming high amounts of alcohol. However, due to the limited number of controlled human studies, the precise physiological and molecular interactions between caffeine and alcohol still remain unclear.   Conclusions The ban on pre-mixed AmED products has not yet yielded satisfactory results. Therefore, governments should explore alternative measures, such as stricter regulations on marketing and sales or public awareness campaigns. This article highlights the issue of mixing alcohol with energy drinks, examining physiological effects, potential health risks, and broader societal impacts. With the growing popularity of this practice, our study emphasizes the need for continued research to guide effective prevention strategies and public health actions

Soziologische Perspektiven auf Digital-Game und -Gaming

"Dieses Paper stellt einen Teil der theoretischen Vorarbeiten des Arbeitskreises 'Digital-Game & -Gaming Forschung' zu geplanten, daran anknüpfenden empirischen Studien vor. Es werden kursorisch verschiedene Aspekte von 'Digital Game' und allgemein 'Spiel/en' dargestellt, indem unter Einnahme einer soziologischen Perspektive vor allem diesbezüglich relevante Sachverhalte hervorgehoben werden. Einige der sich daraus ergebenden Forschungsthemen und Fragestellungen werden abschließend in Aussicht gestellt." (Autorenreferat