The anaerobic decomposition of benzoic acid during methane fermentation: evidence that carbon four of benzoic acid is converted to the carboxyl of the intermediate propionic acid

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1969 C62Master of Scienc

Aerobic stability of heat and orchardgrass round-bale silage

In Arkansas, silage is typically stored as balage in long rows of round bales wrapped in plastic film. It is important to evaluate the aerobic stability of this fermented forage when it is exposed to air, especially during the winter months when most of it is fed to livestock or sold as a cash crop. Two types of forage, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were harvested in May 2002 and stored as balage. Twenty-one bales of each balage type were unwrapped and exposed to air on 10 Dec. 2002 for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 d to evaluate aerobic stability. For both orchardgrass and wheat balage, final bale weight, dry matter (DM) content, and pH were not affected (P \u3e 0.05) by exposure time. Across both balage types, DM recoveries were ≥97% for all bales, indicating that both types of balage were very stable when exposed to air. Concentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 48-h ruminal in situ digestibility were not affected (P \u3e 0.05) by exposure time for either balage type. Concentrations of N were greater (P = 0.045) for orchardgrass balage exposed to air for 16 d or longer compared to balage sampled at exposure (d 0), but this response was not observed (P \u3e 0.05) for wheat balage. These results suggest that the balage evaluated in this trial was very stable after exposure to air for up to 32 d. This should allow for considerable flexibility with respect to feeding, transport, and marketing of balage during winter months without significant aerobic deterioration

Economic aspects of the bee industry /

B55

Comparison of two methods for estimating the tip position of a nasogastric feeding tube : a randomized controlled trial

Background Several studies have shown that the nose‐earlobe‐xiphoid distance (NEX) is inadequate to estimate the insertion length of nasogastric tubes. An alternative approach tested in these studies, which leads to > 90% well‐placed nasogastric tubes, used a corrected calculation of the NEX: (NEX × 0.38696) + 30.37. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether using the corrected NEX was more successful than the NEX in determining the insertion length. The secondary aim was to investigate the likelihood to successfully obtain gastric aspirate. Methods Adult patients in a general hospital (N = 215) needing a nasogastric tube were randomized to the control (NEX) or intervention group (corrected NEX). Tip positioning was verified using X‐ray. Correct tip positioning was defined as between 3 and 10 cm under the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Results In >20% of all patients, both methods underestimated the required tube length for correct positioning. The NEX showed an overestimation (17.2%) of the insertion length (>10 cm under the LES) compared with the corrected NEX (4.8%). There was no difference (P = 0.938) between the 2 groups in obtaining gastric aspirate (55.6% vs 56%). However, correct tip positioning resulted in a fourfold increase of obtaining gastric aspirate. Conclusions Both methods resulted in a high risk of incorrectly placed tubes due to malposition of the tip near the LES or distal esophagus. This may increase the risk of reflux and pulmonary aspiration. Based on these results, the development of more reliable methods requires consideration.status: publishe

Discovering Kentucky: What I Learned Processing Public Policy Papers

Over the course of one year Sarah processed collections relating to public policy as the Earle C. Clements Graduate Assistant at the Special Collections Research Center at UK. Through this position, she was able to learn more about the state of Kentucky and those fighting to protect its history and environment

Foodways for earthlings : recipes and tools for eating in extreme environments

Studying how food is made, consumed, and appreciated in extreme environments can help shed light on how our experiences of food extend far beyond that of mere nourishment. The social and preparatory food-based rituals found in even the most challenging conditions can lead to a deeper awareness of the role of food on earth today, and can illuminate how humans might eat in the future. This thesis examines the roles of food in war zones, in prisons, and in space to inform speculative recipes and food-based experiences

Analysis of a precast concrete barrier subjected to varying loads

A new connection detail utilizing a system of threaded inclined bars and receivers to connect a precast concrete barrier to the deck was previously experimentally researched for accelerated bridge construction. Utilizing LS-DYNA, a FEM model is now constructed to allow for further research, including variations and dynamic loading. The modeling process is explained. The model is validated using previous experimentally derived results. Barrier deflection, reinforcement strains, and failure behavior is compared to validate the analytical model. The barrier deflection of the analytical model is quite similar to the experimental results. The reinforcement strain and failure behavior results are comparable, and any difference is justified. The model is modified to allow a longer section of the barrier system to be examined. First, two connected barriers are analyzed. The barriers are loaded at several locations for comparison. Then, a system incorporating the equivalent of three barriers is modeled. Deck concrete strengths, reinforcement spacings, and thicknesses are researched with this system. Dynamic (impact) loads are also compared to a static load. Results show that the strain values in the connection detail are vastly different. The study also shows that a longer section of a barrier system engages to counteract a static loading verses an impact loading