Variabilidade de atributos de fertilidade do solo em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar no estado de Goiás

A amostragem de solo deve representar adequadamente a área avaliada, visando à elaboração de recomendações de medidas de correção da fertilidade e conservação dos solos, a fim de elevar a produtividade e melhorar o aproveitamento de insumos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade de atributos de fertilidade de Latossolos em áreas de renovação de cana-de-açúcar no Estado de Goiás. Foram selecionadas duas áreas de aproximadamente 8.100 m² na usina Goiasa, município de Goiatuba, consideradas representativas de dois talhões cultivados com cana-de-açúcar, com espaçamento entrelinhas de 1,5 m. Em cada uma das áreas selecionadas, foi realizada amostragem do solo em malha, nas linhas de plantio e nas entrelinhas, com trado holandês. Coletaram-se amostras simples (subamostras) em 49 pontos amostrais nas linhas e 49 nas entrelinhas, nas profundidades de 0,0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m, totalizando 196 amostras simples em cada área de estudo, que foram analisadas individualmente. As amostras foram submetidas a análises químicas de fertilidade do solo (pH em CaCl2, acidez potencial, matéria orgânica, P e K, Ca e Mg) e análise granulométrica. Por meio dos dados, foi calculado o número de subamostras requeridas para a estimativa da média de cada atributo, a partir do coeficiente de variação e do erro percentual admitido em torno da média, para probabilidade de 95 %. Os atributos estudados apresentaram variabilidades diferenciadas nas áreas estudadas: alta (P e K); média (acidez potencial, Ca e Mg); e baixa (pH, matéria orgânica e argila). A extrema variabilidade nos teores de P, particularmente na profundidade de 0,2-0,4 m, atribuída à aplicação localizada de doses elevadas de fertilizantes fosfatados no plantio, impõe limitações à avaliação de sua disponibilidade pelo elevado número de subamostras requeridas para composição de uma amostra composta.Soil sampling should provide an accurate representation of a given area so that recommendations for amendments of soil acidity, fertilization and soil conservation may be drafted to increase yield and improve the use of inputs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of soil fertility properties of Oxisols in areas planted to sugarcane in the State of Goias, Brazil. Two areas of approximately 8,100 m² each were selected, representing two fields of the Goiasa sugarcane mill in Goiatuba. The sugarcane crop had a row spacing of 1.5 m and subsamples were taken from 49 points in the row and 49 between the row with a Dutch auger at depths of 0.0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m, for a total of 196 subsamples for each area. The samples were individually subjected to chemical analyses of soil fertility (pH in CaCl2, potential acidity, organic matter, P, K, Ca and Mg) and particle size analysis. The number of subsamples required to compose a sample within the acceptable ranges of error of 5, 10, 20 and 40 % of each property were computed from the coefficients of variation and the Student t-value for 95 % confidence. The soil properties under analysis exhibited different variabilities: high (P and K), medium (potential acidity, Ca and Mg) and low (pH, organic matter and clay content). Most of the properties analyzed showed an error of less than 20 % for a group of 20 subsamples, except for P and K, which were capable of showing an error greater than 40 % around the mean. The extreme variability in phosphorus, particularly at the depth of 0.2-0.4 m, attributed to banded application of high rates of P fertilizers at planting, places limitations on assessment of its availability due to the high number of subsamples required for a composite sample

Levantamento de condições de saúde de alunos dos estabelecimentos de ensino primário da Secretaria dos Negócios da Educação do Governo do Estado, no município de São Paulo Brasil

A survey about the health conditions of the elementary schools children of São Paulo City, was realized. The sample students were submitted to general and specialized physical examinations and to parasitological examination of feces. Tables of height and weight of boys and girls, aged 7-14 years, were built based on the general physical examination data. The results of the physical specialized examinations were compared with bibliographical data, whenever existed. About feces examinations, 89,4% of the school children selected presented parasites. At 1% of significance level, it was possible to accept that there was correlation between lackness of sanitation in the school children houses and the presence of intestinal parasites in the feces examination.Fez-se um levantamento das condições de saúde de escolares primários do município de São Paulo. Nos alunos componentes da amostra foram realizados os seguintes exames: exame físico geral; exame físico especial; exame de fezes. Os resultados obtidos no exame físico geral permitiram construir tabelas de peso e altura para crianças de ambos os sexos, de 7 a 14 anos. Foi verificada a presença de parasitoses intestinais em 89,4% dos escolares examinados. Concluiu-se que, ao nível de significância de 1%, existe associação entre ausência de saneamento básico nas residências dos escolares e a presença de parasitos intestinais nos exames de fezes

Phylogenetic analysis of rabies surveillance samples from north and northeast Brazil

Viruses of the Lyssavirus genus are classified into several genotypes (GT1 to GT7), of which only GT1 (classic rabies virus—RABV) has a cosmopolitan distribution and circulates in Brazil. GT1 is subdivided into several antigenic variants (AgV) maintained in independent cycles with a narrow host range and distinct geographic distributions, namely, AgV1 and AgV2 found in dogs, AgV3 in the vampire bats Desmodus rotundus, and AgV4 and AgV6 in bats non-hematophagous Tadarida brasiliensis and Lasiurus cinereus, a common variant of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), and crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). In this study, we performed phylogenetic analysis to identify at the antigenic variant level; six RABV genomes derived from the Rabies Surveillance in the north and northeast regions of Brazil. The analysis resulted in the formation of 11 monophyletic clusters, each corresponding to a particular variant, with high bootstrap support values. The samples were positioned inside the AgV3, AgV6, and Callithrix variant clades. This is the first report of the AgV6 variant found in northern Brazil, which provides valuable information for rabies surveillance in the country. The possibility of viral spillover has been much debated, as it deals with the risk of shifting transmission from a primary to a secondary host. However, more genomic surveillance studies should be performed, with a greater number and diversity of samples to better understand the transmission dynamics of each variant to detect changes in its geographic distribution and spillover events

Jogos e rimas infantis /

Mode of access: Internet

A lingua portugueza : noções de glottologia geral e especial portugueza /

Mode of access: Internet

A lingua portugueza; phonologia, etymologia, morphologia e syntaxe,

Mode of access: Internet

Influencia dos agentes particulados e gasosos da fumaça de cigarros na viabilidade de bacterias

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Iron removal by precipitate flotation

The water from several artesian wells in the metropolitan area of Recife presents high iron content, preventing its use in some industrial processes. The possibility of removing the iron by the use of precipitate flotation using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as collector was studied. The tests were carried out in a glass column 65 cm high, fed by a constant airflow. At pH 8, where the isoelectric point of colloidal iron hydroxide [Fe(OH)3] was observed, the size of the precipitate increases with conditioning time and facilitates the removal of iron ions by flotation. The results showed that an increase in conditioning time, from 5 to 20 minutes, resulted in a reduction of the residual concentration of iron from 13.2 to 0.2 ppm. The decrease in precipitate specific surface area rendered a decrease in the collector consumption possible. The iron ion removal process by flotation using SDS as collector was shown to be quite efficient. A removal of 99% of Fe3+ contained in the original solution was obtained

Influencia dos agentes particulados e gasosos da fumaça de cigarros na viabilidade de bacterias

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