NOTCH blockade combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide prolongs survival of orthotopic glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The current standard of care includes surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Treatment often fails due to the radiation resistance and intrinsic or acquired TMZ resistance of a small percentage of cells with stem cell-like behavior (CSC). The NOTCH signaling pathway is expressed and active in human glioblastoma and NOTCH inhibitors attenuate tumor growth in vivo in xenograft models. Here we show using an image guided micro-CT and precision radiotherapy platform that a combination of the clinically approved NOTCH/γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) RO4929097 with standard of care (TMZ + RT) reduces tumor growth and prolongs survival compared to dual combinations. We show that GSI in combination with RT and TMZ attenuates proliferation, decreases 3D spheroid growth and results into a marked reduction in clonogenic survival in primary and established glioma cell lines. We found that the glioma stem cell marker CD133, SOX2 and Nestin were reduced following combination treatments and NOTCH inhibitors albeit in a different manner. These findings indicate that NOTCH inhibition combined with standard of care treatment has an anti-glioma stem cell effect which provides an improved survival benefit for GBM and encourages further translational and clinical studies

Performance Improvement of a Sequencing Batch Reactor for Treating Tannery Wastewaters

[EN] Tannery wastewater has a high environmental impact due to its low biodegradability. Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are an established method for treating highly polluted wastewater. To minimize the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the SBRs, various HRT values were tested and the best value was chosen according to the removal efficiency of the soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD). A series of experiments was then carried out with two cationic polyelectrolytes added to the system in two different modes to improve the effluent quality. Both modes were evaluated in terms of the soluble COD, suspended solid concentration, and turbidity of the final effluent. The results showed that reducing the HRT to two days did not diminish the COD removal efficiencies.This work was supported by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Project Ref.: PAID-06-10-2269).Balaguer-Arnandis, E.; Cuartas Uribe, BE.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza Roca, JA.; Galiana Aleixandre, MV. (2017). Performance Improvement of a Sequencing Batch Reactor for Treating Tannery Wastewaters. Chemical Engineering & Technology. 40(9):1666-1673. https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600410S1666167340

Impact of acute and chronic exposure to sulfamethoxazole on the kinetics and microbial structure of an activated sludge community

The aim of this study was to reveal the microbial and kinetic impacts of acute and chronic exposure to one of the frequently administered antibiotics, i.e., sulfamethoxazole, on an activated sludge biomass. Respirometric analysis and model evaluation of the oxygen utilization rate profiles were the backbone of this study. The results showed that continuous exposure to sulfamethoxazole resulted in the inhibition of substrate storage and an increase in the endogenous decay rates by twofold, which was supported by analysis of the resistance genes. A mild inhibition on the growth and hydrolysis kinetics was also observed. Moreover, sulfamethoxazole had a binding impact with available organic carbon, resulting in a slightly less oxygen consumption. DNA sequencing and antibiotic resistance gene analyses showed that continuous exposure to sulfamethoxazole caused a change in the community structure at the species level. Resistant bacteria including Arthrobacter sp. and members of the Chitinophagaceae and Intrasporangiaceae families were found to have dominated the bacterial community. The impact of intermittent exposure was also investigated, and the results indicated a drop in the severity of the impact after 20 days of intermittence

Monitoring of effluent water quality of SEKA Dalaman Pulp and Paper Industry

This paper presents results of monitoring data of the full scale wastewater treatment system treating leached kraft pulp and paper industry effluents. The treatment system has a full-scale aerated lagoon system treating effluents from a chemical pretreatment plant. The colored effluents from the treatment plant has been discharges to a river ending at Mediterranean, Marine outfall system is under construction to prevent color problem, Statistical Analysis is performed on 29 months monitoring data