An electron transport particle from yeast: purification and properties

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Perceptions Held by Obese Children and their Parents: Implications for Weight Control Intervention

The study was designed to identify some of the psychosocial barriers to compliance in a hospital-based weight control intervention program for adolescents. Forty obese adolescents, 10 to 16 years of age, and their parents were surveyed prior to participa tion in a behavioral change weight control program at a major teaching hospital. Significant correlations were obtained between weight loss outcome and six factors. In obese adolescents, weight loss was significantly associated with their beliefs regarding: (1) personal control over weight, (2) barriers or difficulty of losing weight, (3) medical problems as a cause of their obesity, (4) family problems as a cause of their obesity, and (5) perceived willingness of family members to diet. It is suggested that greater weight loss in children who perceived more barriers/difficulty and less family willing ness to diet may reflect the importance of having realistic expectations related to be havioral compliance. In addition, a positive parental attitude or expectation that the child was less likely to be overweight in the future was associated with greater weight loss compliance. Other parental health beliefs, however, did not generally predict the child's weight loss response to the intervention. The findings lend support to the sig nificance of the adolescent's beliefs regarding weight and family support in explaining weight loss response to a behavioral change intervention program.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66720/2/10.1177_109019818801500204.pd

Associations of iron metabolism genes with blood manganese levels: a population-based study with validation data from animal models

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Given mounting evidence for adverse effects from excess manganese exposure, it is critical to understand host factors, such as genetics, that affect manganese metabolism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Archived blood samples, collected from 332 Mexican women at delivery, were analyzed for manganese. We evaluated associations of manganese with functional variants in three candidate iron metabolism genes: <it>HFE </it>[hemochromatosis], <it>TF </it>[transferrin], and <it>ALAD </it>[δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase]. We used a knockout mouse model to parallel our significant results as a novel method of validating the observed associations between genotype and blood manganese in our epidemiologic data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Percentage of participants carrying at least one copy of <it>HFE C282Y</it>, <it>HFE H63D</it>, <it>TF P570S</it>, and <it>ALAD K59N </it>variant alleles was 2.4%, 17.7%, 20.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Percentage carrying at least one copy of either <it>C282Y </it>or <it>H63D </it>allele in <it>HFE </it>gene was 19.6%. Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) manganese concentrations were 17.0 (1.5) μg/l. Women with any <it>HFE </it>variant allele had 12% lower blood manganese concentrations than women with no variant alleles (β = -0.12 [95% CI = -0.23 to -0.01]). <it>TF </it>and <it>ALAD </it>variants were not significant predictors of blood manganese. In animal models, <it>Hfe</it>^-/-mice displayed a significant reduction in blood manganese compared with <it>Hfe</it>^+/+mice, replicating the altered manganese metabolism found in our human research.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study suggests that genetic variants in iron metabolism genes may contribute to variability in manganese exposure by affecting manganese absorption, distribution, or excretion. Genetic background may be critical to consider in studies that rely on environmental manganese measurements.</p