La necrópolis de Los Algarbes (Tarifa, Cádiz). Una propuesta de aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías para su conservación y difusión

Este trabajo plantea la necesaria aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías1 al campo de la arqueología basándose en el ejemplo de la necrópolis de cuevas artificiales de Los Algarbes (Tarifa, Cadiz). Para llevar a cabo los trabajos de virtualización se comenzará por realizar un informe detallado del yacimiento con el que se buscará la creación de una base científica sobre la que realizar la recreación del mismo para, posteriormente, centrarnos en trabajos de conservación, difusión y catalogación relacionados con la Estructura 14 de dicho yacimiento de acuerdo con lo estipulado en Los Principios de Sevilla

De la gaditana Eloísa D'Herbil a la almeriense Remedios Martínez Moreno: siete mujeres andaluzas dedicadas a la música en la época de la Restauración

Entre todas las manifestaciones artísticas, la música fue, a lo largo de todo el siglo XIX y principios del XX, la que con mayor frecuencia cultivó el género femenino, que tuvo en la interpretación de determinados instrumentos solistas un medio extraordinariamente útil para desarrollarse, evadirse y, al tiempo, lograr un mejor matrimonio. No obstante, hubo mujeres que alcanzaron una sobresaliente maestría en el arte musical, que las llevó a destacarse entre sus contemporáneos y a dedicarse profesionalmente a la docencia y la interpretación, codeándose como iguales con sus homólogos masculinos. En Andalucía, sus nombres fueron recogidos por el mayor y mejor compilador y divulgador de la cultura andaluza hasta la fecha, Francisco Cuenca Benet (Adra, 1872 – La Habana, 1943), en su obra Galería de músicos andaluces contemporáneos (La Habana, 1927). Mi trabajo presenta por primera vez a las andaluzas que más destacaron como intérpretes instrumentales a lo largo del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, señalando los méritos y valores profesionales y artísticos que las hicieron ser reconocidas por sus contemporáneos y recuperando sus nombres y sus trayectorias, hoy prácticamente desconocidas o silenciadas

Al margen de la «sagrada misión femenina»: dos historias de vida para ilustrar las nuevas relaciones entre mujer y música en la España del siglo XX

La Guerra Civil (1936-1939) y la posterior dictadura Franquista supuso uno de los peores momentos históricos y sociales para la historia reciente de España. Dentro de este contexto, la mujer se vio restringida al ámbito de lo privado, convirtiéndose en depositaria de los valores morales y sociales del régimen totalitario y encontrando en la música un medio extraordinariamente útil para su desarrollo social y profesional. El presente estudio, utilizando dos historias de vida, aspira a llamar la atención sobre las trayectorias vitales y profesionales de dos féminas que, comenzando su educación musical en las últimas décadas del siglo XIX o en las primeras del siglo XX, consiguieron ocupar puestos de relevancia en diferentes ámbitos educativos y artísticos. Las conclusiones obtenidas subrayan la importante labor que realizaron y las puertas que abrieron a las de su género

PXRD and PDF analysis of multifunctional lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonate-based proton conductors

Metal phosphonates are multifunctional solids which possess tunable properties, such as H-bond networks, while exhibiting high chemical and thermal stability. Depending on the protonation of the ligand, different crystalline phases can be obtained. Here, we report three different families of proton conductors based on lanthanide nitrilotrismethylphosphonates. Compounds having cationic layers compensate by chloride or sulfate anions were isolated: [Ln(H4NMP)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O and Ln(H5NMP)]·SO4·4H2O [H6NMP = nitrilotris(methylphosphonic acid)]. The crystal structure of Gd-(H5NMP)]·SO4·4H2O was solved ab initio from synchrotron powder diffraction data (λ=0.4124 Å, beamline BL04-MSPD ALBA) and refined by the Rietveld method. Chloride containing phases show two irreversible solid state transformations take place: (1) a crystalline-to-crystalline phase transition, {Ln-H4NMP → [Ln2(H3NMP)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O for Ln= La, Pr}, and (2) crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition, {LnH4NMP → [Ln(H3NMP)]·1.5H2O for Ln= Gd - Ho}, both implies the loss of HCl and structural rearrangements of the frameworks. Variations in average and local structure have been monitored by high resolution powder diffraction and PDF analysis, upon exposure the samples at high relative humidity and temperature (95% RH and 80 ºC), in order to understand their behavior as proton conductors.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Panchromatic Porous Specular Back Reflectors for Efficient Transparent Dye Solar Cells

6 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tablaA panchromatic specular reflector based dye solar cell is herein presented. Photovoltaic performance of this novel design is compared to that of cells in which standard diffuse scattering layers are integrated. The capability of the proposed multilayer structures to both emulate the broad band reflection of diffuse scattering layers of standard thickness (around 5 microns) and give rise to similarly high light harvesting and power conversion efficiencies, yet preserving the transparency of the device, is demonstrated. Such white light reflectors are comprised of stacks of different porous optical multilayers, each one displaying a strong reflection at a complementary spectral range, and are designed to leave transmittance unaltered in a narrow red-frequency range at which the sensitized electrode shows negligible absorption, thus allowing to see through the cell. The reflectance bandwidth achieved is three times as broad as the largest previously achieved with any photonic structure integrated in a dye solar cell.The research leading to these results has received funding from 55 the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n° 307081 (POLIGHT), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grants MAT2011-23593 and CONSOLIDER HOPE CSD2007-00007, and the Junta de 60 Andalucía under grants FQM3579 and FQM5247.The authors also thank the Unit of Information Resources for Research of the Spanish National Research Council (URICI-CSIC) for the co-financing of this publication in Open Access.Peer reviewe

Synthesis and proton conduction properties of lanthanide amino-sulfophosphonates

Crystalline acid-functionalized metal phosphonates are potential candidates as proton conducting electrolytes. Their frameworks can be chemically modified to contain proton carriers such as acidic groups (P-OH; -SO3H, -COOH,…) and guest molecules (H2O, NH3,…) that generates hydrogen bond networks stable in a wide range of temperature [1,2]. In this work, focus is laid on properties derived from the combination of lanthanide ions with the amino-sulfophosphonate ligand (H2O3PCH2)2-N-(CH2)2-SO3H. Hightrough-put screening was followed to reach the optimal synthesis conditions under solvothermal conditions at 140 ºC. Isolated polycrystalline solids, Ln[(O3PCH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-SO3H].2H2O (Ln= La, Pr and Sm), crystallize in the monoclinic (La) and orthorhombic (Pr and Sm) systems with unit cell volume of ~2548 Å3. Preliminary proton conductivity measurements for Sm derivative have been carried out between 25º and 80 ºC at relative humidity (RH) values of 70 % and 95 %. The sample exhibits enhanced conductivity at high RH and T (Figure 1) and constant activation energies of 0.4 eV, typical of a Grothuss mechanism of proton.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. FQM-1656; MAT2013-41836-

Synthesis and proton conduction properties of lanthanide amino-sulfophosphonates

Acidic groups-containing metal phosphonates exhibit a wide range of proton conductivity depending on the water content and functionality. Moreover, this property can be enhanced by appropriate post-synthesis chemical and/or thermal treatments [1,2]. In this work, focus is laid on properties derived from the combination of lanthanide ions with the amino-sulfophosphonate ligand (H2O3PCH2)2-N-(CH2)2-SO3H. Highthrough-put screening was used to reach the optimal synthesis conditions under hydrothermal conditions at 140 ºC. Isolated polycrystalline solids, Ln[(O3PCH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-SO3H]·2H2O (Ln= La, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Er), crystallize in the monoclinic (La and Er) and orthorhombic (Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd and Tb) systems with unit cell volume of ~1200 and 2548 Å3 respectively. Their crystal structures, solved ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction data, correspond to different layered frameworks depending on the lanthanide cation size. Thus, compounds with orthorhombic symmetry show free acidic sulfonic pointing to the interlayer space, while La- and Er- derivatives display layered structures where both phosphonate and sulfonated groups are coordinated to the metal, leaving free P-OH groups. As consequence of this structural variability, different H-bond networks and proton transfer pathways are generated. Preliminary proton conductivity measurements have been carried out between 25 and 80 ºC at 70-95 % relative humidity. The sample exhibits conductivities near to 3.10-3 S.cm-1 and activation energies characteristics of a Grotthuss-type mechanism of proton transfer.Proyectos de investigación del ministerio MICINN, Españam(MAT2016-77648-R), Proyectos de la Junta de Andalucía (P12-FQM-1656), Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Tunable crystal structure and proton conductivity of lanthanide nitrilotrismethylphosphonates

Metal phosphonates are multifunctional solids with remarkable stability and proton conducting properties owing to their structure is usually composed of extended hydrogen-bond networks that favor proton transfer pathways [1]. Moreover, these properties can be enhanced by appropriate modification of the synthesis conditions [2, 3]. In this communication, a new family of isostructural 2D layered compounds based on lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonates is reported. These compounds have been isolated at room temperature and have the general formula Ln[N(CH2)3(PO3H2)2(PO3H)(H2O)]SO4·2H2O (Ln= Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb). The coordination environment of Ln3+ is composed by eight oxygen atoms from three different ligands and two oxygens from bound waters. This connectivity creates positive charged layers connected to sulfate ions through hydrogen-bonds. These compounds show promising proton conductivity with values ranging between 7.6·10-2 and 3.8·10-2 S·cm-1 at 80 °C and 95% RH and low activation energy corresponding to Grotthuss-type proton transfer mechanism. In addition, a structural transformation occurs at T > 70 °C accompanied by a remarkable enhanced conductivity. Studies on the structure-properties relationships will be discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. MINECO: MAT2016-77648-R Junta Andalucía: P12-FQM-1656 y FQM-11

Proton conductivity of lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonates

Multifunctional metal phosphonates are acidic coordination polymers (CPs) with remarkable stability and proton conducting properties owing to their structure is usually composed of extended hydrogen-bond networks that favor proton transfer pathways [1]. In this communication, three different families of proton conductors based on lanthanide nitrilotris-methylphosphonates are examined. Compounds were isolated by crystallization at room temperature at pH <0.8 in the presence of. When chloride is presented in solution two families of compounds were isolated, depending on the concentration of chloride in solution: free-chloride 1D solids with formula Ln2(H3NMP)2(H2O)4]·4.5H2O [Ln= La3+] [2] or layered chloride-containing Ln(H4NMP)(H2O)2]Cl·2H2O [Ln= La3+ - Ho3+] materials [3]. In absence of chloride, a third series of compounds was obtained. This structural versatility leads to a wide range of proton conductivity varying between 3 × 10−4 S·cm−1 and 2 × 10−3 S·cm−1 as measured at 80 °C and 95% RH.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

New Multifunctional Lanthanide and Zr(IV) Phosphonates Derived from the 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl) Isophthalate Ligand as Proton Conductors

Metal phosphonates are essentially acidic solids featured by groups such as P-OH, -COOH, etc. Moreover, the presence of coordination and lattice water molecules favors the formation of H-bond networks, which make these compounds appropriate as proton conductors, attractive for proton exchange membranes (PEMs) of fuel Cells.1 We report here, general characteristics of metal phosphonate derivatives composed of the polyfunctional 5-(dihydroxyphosphoryl) isophthalate ligand2 and lanthanides or zirconium ions. In the case of the lanthanide derivatives, crystalline compounds were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Preliminary results suggest that at least three isostructural series of compounds are formed. One of them, with La3+ derivative as prototype, is characterized by an orthorhombic unit cell (a = 12.7745(6) Å, b = 11.8921(4) Å, c = 7.2193(5) Å). Pr3+, Eu3+ and Gd3+ compounds, displays a monoclinic unit cell likewise the Yb3+ solid, the latter exhibiting different crystallographic parameters. Zr(IV) = compound, with formula Zr[(HO3P-C6H3-(COO)2H)2]·8H2O; was obtained at 80 ºC in the presence of HF as mineralizing agent. This solid crystallizes in an orthorhombic unit cell (a = 21.9306 Å, b = 16.6169 Å, c = 3.6462 Å). All these compounds contain in their frameworks water molecules that contribute to the formation of H-bond networks, making them prone as proton conductor candidates. Structural and proton conductivity are underway.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA MAT2016-77648