EVALUACIÓN Y GERENCIA PARTICIPATIVA DE LOS APRENDIZAJES EN EL AULA. UNA MIRADA EN LA PRÁCTICA EVALUATIVA EN EL TIEMPO

El presente artículo es de naturaleza descriptiva-explicativa con un abordaje documental. En él se esbozan las principales teorías y enfoques relacionados con la evaluación de los aprendizajes, en línea con el tiempo de su aparición, para luego configurar un escenario de la gerencia participativa en el aula desde la mirada de la práctica evaluativa como parte constitutiva del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que, a su vez, implica la asimilación del conocimiento con la consecuente transformación. Se asume una gerencia participativa con miras a propiciar un ambiente lo suficientemente dinámico, interactivo, crítico y reflexivo que permita la búsqueda de la calidad y la excelencia en el aula. Se propone un enfoque de la gerencia de los aprendizajes en el que cada uno de los actores educativos asume el liderazgo compartido en la planificación, organización, dirección, evaluación y realimentación, el cual se desarrolla en un ambiente de comunicación, reflexión crítica y autorregulación durante el proceso que implica la construcción y reconstrucción de los saberes y el desarrollo de competencias

VIOLENCIA Y BENEVOLENCIA: DOS POBLACIONES MORAS CONQUISTADAS EN EL POEMA DE MIO CID

Os episódios da conquista de Castejón e Alcocer, no Poema de Mio Cid, mostram o herói em conflito com muçulmanos já estabelecidos na Espanha. Nestes casos o Cid procura limitar a violência de sua ação, que não decorre de razões religiosas ou étnicas, mas de finalidades inteiramente práticas

Reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patient

We acknowledge Thieme Gruppe and the International Journal of Sports Medicine for publishing our scientific article: https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0034-1390497The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patients. 100 female fibromyalgia patients (aged 50.6±8.6 years) performed the following tests twice (7 days interval test-retest): chair sit and reach, back scratch, handgrip strength, arm curl, chair stand, 8 feet up and go, and 6-min walk. Significant differences between test and retest were found in the arm curl (mean difference: 1.25±2.16 repetitions, Cohen d=0.251), chair stand (0.99±1.7 repetitions, Cohen d=0.254) and 8 feet up and go (-0.38±1.09-s, Cohen d=0.111) tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) range from 0.92 in the arm curl test to 0.96 in the back scratch test. The feasibility of the tests (patients able to complete the test) ranged from 89% in the arm curl test to 100% in the handgrip strength test. Therefore, the reliability and feasibility of the physical fitness tests examined is acceptable for female fibromyalgia patients

Fitness testing in the fibromyalgia diagnosis: The al-Andalus project

Aparicio, V. A., Segura-Jiménez, V., Álvarez-Gallardo, I. C., Soriano-Maldonado, A., Castro-Piñero, J., Delgado-Fernández, M., & Carbonell-Baeza, A. (2015). Fitness testing in the fibromyalgia diagnosis: The al-Andalus project. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(3), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000445Purpose. To determine the ability of a set of physical fitness tests to discriminate presence/absence of fibromyalgia in women. Methods. The sample comprised 487 women with fibromyalgia (52.1±8 years) and 250 control women (49.3±9 years). We assessed physical fitness by means of the arm-curl, 30-s chair-stand, handgrip strength, 8-feet up & go, 6-min walk, chair sit & reach and the back-scratch tests. The revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ-R) was used to assess fibromyalgia severity and symptomatology. Results. Fibromyalgia patients performed worse than control women in all the fitness tests studied (all, P<0.001). The ROC analysis showed that all the fitness tests were able to discriminate between presence/absence of fibromyalgia (all, P<0.001). The area under the curve ranged from 0.708 to 0.910 (all, P<0.001). Among the fitness tests studied, the arm-curl test, followed by the 30-s chair-stand and handgrip strength tests showed the highest capacity discriminating presence/absence of fibromyalgia. An arm-curl test score <20 repetitions, was associated to an increased odd ratio (OR) of having fibromyalgia (OR: 35.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.6–101) in women aged 35-44. An arm-curl test score <16 repetitions, was associated to an increased OR of having fibromyalgia (OR: 23.7; 95% CI: 10.3–54.0) in women aged 35-44. In the group of women aged 55-65, the highest OR were observed for the handgrip strength test and the OR of having fibromyalgia was 17 times greater in those patients who performed <19 kg. Conclusions. The arm-curl, 30-s chair-stand and handgrip strength tests powerfully discriminate women with fibromyalgia from healthy women. Identification of women who fail to meet the suggested standards can help to easily, quickly and cheaply rule out the presence of the disease, especially in primary care settings

Criterion-related validity and reliability of the 2-km walk test and the 20-m shuttle run test in adults: The role of sex, age and physical activity level

Objectives: To analyze the criterion-related validity and the reliability of fitness field tests for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, by sex, age, and physical activity level. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: During 3 weeks, sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, a treadmill maximal test, the 2-km walk test, and the 20-m SRT were performed in 410 adults aged 18–64 years. Measured and estimated VO2max (by Oja's and Leger's equations) were analyzed. Results: Measured VO2max was associated with estimated VO2max by the 2-km walk test and 20-m SRT (r = 0.784 and r = 0.875, respectively; both p < 0.01). Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference of −0.30 ml* kg−1 * min−1 (p < 0.001, d = −0.141) in the 2-km walk test, and 0.86 ml* kg−1 * min−1 (p = 0.051) in the 20-m SRT. Significant mean differences between test and retest were found in the time to complete the 2-km walk test (−1.48 ± 0.51 s, p = 0.004, d = −0.014) and in the final stage reached in the 20-m SRT (0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.002, d = 0.015). Non-significant differences were found between test and retest in the estimated VO2max by Oja's (−0.29 ± 0.20 ml* kg−1 * min−1 , p > 0.05) and Leger's eqs. (0.03 ± 0.04 ml* kg−1 * min−1 , p > 0.05). Moreover, both test results and estimated VO2max equations showed a high test–retest reliability. Conclusions: Both tests were valid and reliable for evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness in adults aged 18–64 years, regardless of sex, age, and physical activity level

Visual system and motor development in children: a systematic review

Purpose The aim of this study was to review the available scientific literature on the possible relationship between the visual system and motor development in children.MethodsThis study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement recommendations. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42021245341). Four different databases, namely Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science, were assessed from April 2005 to February 2021. To determine the quality of the articles, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Quality Appraisal Scale, and a protocol was followed to define the levels of evidence on the basis of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. The search strategy included terms describing motor development in children and adolescents with visual disorders.Results Among the identified studies, 23 were included in the study. All selected articles examined the relationship between the visual system and development in children. The quality of most of the studies was moderate–high, and they were between evidence levels 2 and 4.ConclusionsOur systematic review revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and development in children. However, the methods for measuring the visual system and motor skills lacked uniformity

Criterion-related validity and reliability of the 6-minute walk test in adults according to sex, age and physical activity level: The ADULT-FIT project

This study aimed to analyse the criterion-related validity and reliability of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in the adult population, according to sex, age and physical activity level. Sociodemographic and anthropometric measurements, a treadmill maximal test, and the 6MWT were performed on 410 adults aged 18–64 years. Measured VO2max was associated with the total distance in the 6MWT and estimated VO2max by Burr´s and Manttari´s equations (R2= 0.35, 0.61 and 0.61, respectively, all p< 0.01; SEE= 6.564 - 5.089 ml* kg-1 * min-1, %SEE= 11.80 – 15.30). The stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the total distance in the 6MWT, sex, age, physical activity level and body fat mass (%) explained 75% variance of measured VO2max (SEE= 4.203 ml* kg-1 * min-1, %SEE= 9.78, p< 0.001). The systematic error in the total distance in the 6MWT was 0.87-m (p< 0.001). The ICC showed excellent agreement (0.99, p< 0.001), with low error values and most of the MCD95 close to 0. The 6MWT was valid and reliable to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in adults aged 18–64 years. Validity was greater in the older age and non-active groups. Reliability did not depend on sex, age, nor physical activity level

El tutor como amigo y guía del educando. The tutor as a friend and guide of the student

La universalización de la educación superior es un proceso continuo de transformaciones, iniciado con el triunfo de la Revolución en el año 1959, y dirigido a la ampliación de posibilidades y oportunidades de acceso a la universidad y de multiplicación y extensión de los conocimientos, con lo cual se contribuye a la formación de una mayor cultura general integral de la población y a un incremento sostenido de equidad y justicia social en nuestra sociedad, se realizó un estudio analítico cualitativo con el objetivo de conocer el trabajo del tutor en el proyecto policlínico universitario en San Luis año 2006/2007, utilizando como muestra el claustro profesoral y los estudiantes pertenecientes a la SUM, obteniendo como resultado que existen deficiencias en el modo de actuación del tutor en las áreas estudiadas que van desde los criterios de selección al no existir un modelo; la falta de conocimientos acerca de las funciones del tutor sumado a la falta de reconocimiento de su labor, lo que aparece reflejado en los estudiantes de pregrado y postrado. Palabras clave: MODELO PEDAGÓGICO, UNIVERSIDADES/Cuba, EDUCACIÓN OSUPERIOR, EVALUACIÓN EDUCACIONAL, TUTORÍA/métodos. ABSTRACT The universalization of High Medical Education is a continuing process of transformation that started with the triumph of the Revolution in 1959 aimed at extending the possibilities and opportunities of enrolment at universities as well as the spread of knowledge, favoring a high level of culture in the population and an increase of equity and social justice in our Society. An analytical qualitative study was carried out in order to know the role of the tutor at the University Out-patient Project in San Luis Municipality in 2006-2007, taking the teaching staff and the students enrolled at this University Venue as a sample. Some deficiencies were observed in the role of tutor on the areas studied : from the choice criteria due to the non-existence of a model to follow, lack of knowledge and recognition of the tutor's role, being these difficulties reflected on undergraduate and postgraduate students. Key words: PEDAGOGICAL MODEL, UNIVERSITIES/Cuba, HIGHER EDUCATION, PRECEPTORSHIP/methods