Evaluation of controlled vocabularies by inter-indexer consistency

Introduction. Several controlled vocabularies are used for indexing three journal articles to check if with a list of descriptors are achieved better or equals of consistency rates that with a standard thesaurus and augmented thesaurus. Method. A set of terminology of Library and Information Science was used to build a list of descriptors with equivalence relations (USE and UF), a standard thesaurus and a augmented thesaurus (all the descriptors have scope notes). Subsequently, three articles were indexed by selected indexers who had varying degrees of experience – on the one hand Library and Information Science students and on the other, professionals from various documentation centres. Hooper’s measure to find the consistency between pairs of novice indexers and experts has been applied. Analysis. Data were tabulated and analysed systematically according pairs of novice indexers and experts has been applied. Results. The tool with the best results is the list of descriptors (39.5% consistency), followed by the augmented thesaurus (29.8%) and, with an almost identical value, the standard thesaurus (27.5%). Conclusion. It is concluded that the list of descriptors in both groups returns better indexing consistency but we need more research

Caracterización Geoquímica y Petrográfica del 'Gabro de La Corona', Municipio de La Victoria, Boyacá - Colombia

Se denomina "Gabro de La Corona" al cuerpo ígneo básico conocido en la literatura como Intrusión de La Corona (Quebrada El Cedro), de acuerdo con la litología dominante y su localización geográfica en las cercanias del caserío de La Corona en el Municipio de La Victoria Departamento de Boyacá. La sucesión arcillosas del Grupo La Palma, considerada equivalente a la Formación Simití, en la estratigrafía del Valle Medio del Magdalena, se encuentra intruída por el cuerpo básico que regionalmente se puede considerar como un silo, compuesto por rocas clasificadas petrograficamente como leucogabros, leucogabros hornblendicos, gabros, gabros horbléndicos y gabros piroxénico-horbléndicos. Geoquímicamente las rocas se clasifican como gabros, gabro alcalino, gabrodioritas, sienodioritas, sienodioritas gabroideas, y sienitas y pertenecen a la serie alcalina y a la serie subalcalina con tendencia sódica y carácter calcoalcalino. Su emplazamiento fue en un ambiente extensional. La variación composicional del Gabro se debe a que éste se encuentra altamente diferenciado mostrando desde una fase básica hasta una fase intermedia. Los diagramas de discriminación tectónica permitieron establecer que la génesis de las rocas básicas del Gabro de La Corona ocurrió en un dominio distensivo en un ambiente intraplaca, como consecuencia de la formación de un rift intracontinental en la región central de Colombia durante gran parte del Cretácico. El adelgazamiento de la corteza continental y la formación del rift, permitieron el desarrollo de fracturas muy profundas por las cuales el magma ascendió hacia la superficie como consecuencia de la fusión parcial del manto. La secuencia gabroide se encuentra intruida por un dique leucocrático clasificado geoquímicamente como granito. Petrográficamente constituido solo por Cuarzo y Plagioclasa. La composición de la Plagioclasa fue determinada por medio de microsonda analítica, resultando su componente anortítico menor del 5 % lo cual conlleva a que sean clasificadas como granitos de feldespato alcalino y no como tonalitas. Estas rocas fueron emplazadas en un ambiente compresivo. Debido a las relaciones temporales de campo, a las características petrográficas y geoquímicas y a que todos ellos se encuentran alineados en dirección N15W se puede afirmar que el evento magmático que genero las rocas del Gabro de La Corona, posiblemente sea el mismo que produjo los cuerpos básicos presentes en el flanco occidental de la cordillera y reportados en los trabajos previos, como los de La Culebra, Las Palomas, La Fiebre, La Chorrera, La Esperanza, Quebradagrande, La Conchalita, Cáceres ? y Tragarepas. La edad del intrusivo con base en los datos bioestratigráficos de las unidades relacionadas y los datos radiometritos es mas joven que Coniacian

Presence and Function of Dopamine Transporter (DAT) in Stallion Sperm : Dopamine Modulates Sperm Motility and Acrosomal Integrity

Dopamine is a catecholamine with multiple physiological functions, playing a key role in nervous system; however its participation in reproductive processes and sperm physiology is controversial. High dopamine concentrations have been reported in different portions of the feminine and masculine reproductive tract, although the role fulfilled by this catecholamine in reproductive physiology is as yet unknown. We have previously shown that dopamine type 2 receptor is functional in boar sperm, suggesting that dopamine acts as a physiological modulator of sperm viability, capacitation and motility. In the present study, using immunodetection methods, we revealed the presence of several proteins important for the dopamine uptake and signalling in mammalian sperm, specifically monoamine transporters as dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporters in equine sperm. We also demonstrated for the first time in equine sperm a functional dopamine transporter using 4-[4-(Dimethylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP+ ), as substrate. In addition, we also showed that dopamine (1 mM) treatment in vitro, does not affect sperm viability but decreases total and progressive sperm motility. This effect is reversed by blocking the dopamine transporter with the selective inhibitor vanoxerine (GBR12909) and non-selective inhibitors of dopamine reuptake such as nomifensine and bupropion. The effect of dopamine in sperm physiology was evaluated and we demonstrated that acrosome integrity and thyrosine phosphorylation in equine sperm is significantly reduced at high concentrations of this catecholamine. In summary, our results revealed the presence of monoamine transporter DAT, NET and SERT in equine sperm, and that the dopamine uptake by DAT can regulate sperm function, specifically acrosomal integrity and sperm motility

Candida albicans: genetics, dimorphism and pathogenicity

Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that causes severe opportunistic infections in humans. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques applied to this organism (transformation systems, gene disruption strategies, new reporter systems, regulatable promoters) allow a better knowledge of both the molecular basis of dimorphism and the role of specific genes in Candida morphogenesis. These same molecular approaches together with the development of appropriate experimental animal models to analyze the virulence of particular mutants, may help to understand the molecular basis of Candida virulence

Open Peer Review Module (OPRM). Final Report

Research productivity is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Technological innovations, a surge in available computing power, and the ease with which digital information is stored and communicated is helping researchers to cross experimentation boundaries, to increase data availability, and to facilitate the transfer of knowledge. As a result, traditional research is being transformed into a dynamic and globally interconnected effort where ideas, tools and results can be made instantly accessible to the entire academic community. Institutional and multidisciplinary open access repositories play a crucial role in this emerging landscape by enabling immediate accessibility to all kinds of research output. One important element still missing from open access repositories, however, is a quantitative assessment of the hosted research items that will facilitate the process of selecting the most relevant and distinguished content. Common currently available metrics, such as number of visits and downloads, do not reflect the quality of a research work, which can only be assessed directly by peers offering their expert opinion together with quantitative ratings based on specific criteria. To address this issue we developed an Open Peer Review Module (OPRM) to be installed on existing open access repositories and offered as an overlay service. Any digital research work hosted in a compliant repository can then be evaluated by an unlimited number of peers who offer not only a qualitative assessment in the form of text, but also quantitative measures that are used to build the reputation of the research work and its authors. Crucially, this evaluation system is open and transparent. By open we mean that the full text of the peer reviews are publicly available along with the original research work. By transparent we mean that the identity of the reviewers is disclosed to the authors and to the public. In our model, openness and transparency are two elemental aspects we consider necessary to address the issue of biased or non-expert opinions, which is inherent in the anonymous peer review model, characterized by the unaccountability of reviewers. Importantly, our open peer review module includes a reviewer reputation system based on the assessment of reviews themselves by other peer reviewers. This allows a sophisticated scaling of the importance of each review on the overall assessment of a research work, based on the reputation of the reviewer. The implementation of a peer review layer on top of institutional repositories could have the potential to transform the current academic publication landscape by introducing new scholarly workflows where a research item can be openly evaluated by the world’s experts right at the institutional repository of its authors, before being submitted to an academic journal. This workflow challenges the current practices of peer review research evaluation. In most cases, journals, acting as brands in a competitive market, foster academic competition for a limited number of publication slots, instead of promoting open scholarship and collaboration. The integration of peer review in repositories will enable direct and transparent academic collaboration between authors and reviewers. In addition, the use of the OPRM will produce novel metrics directly reflecting the perceived quality of a research work by expert peers, contrary to current available altmetrics that only indirectly account for quality through usage statistics.OpenAIR

Imbalance between pro and anti-oxidant mechanisms in perivascular adipose tissue aggravates long-term high-fat diet-derived endothelial dysfunction

Background: The hypothesis of this study is that long-term high-fat diets (HFD) induce perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction characterized by a redox imbalance, which might contribute to aggravate endothelial dysfunction in obesity. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice were fed either control or HFD (45% kcal from fat) for 32 weeks. Body weight, lumbar and mesenteric adipose tissue weights were significantly higher in HFD animals compared to controls. The anticontractile effect of PVAT in mesenteric arteries (MA) was lost after 32 week HFD and mesenteric endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly impaired in presence of PVAT in HFD mice (Emax = 71.0±5.1 vs Emax = 58.5±4.2, p<0.001). The inhibitory effect of L-NAME on Ach-induced relaxation was less intense in the HFD group compared with controls suggesting a reduction of endothelial NO availability. Expression of eNOS and NO bioavailability were reduced in MA and almost undetectable in mesenteric PVAT of the HFD group. Superoxide levels and NOX activity were higher in PVAT of HFD mice. Apocynin only reduced contractile responses to NA in HFD animals. Expression of ec-SOD and total SOD activity were significantly reduced in PVAT of HFD mice. No changes were observed in Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD or catalase. The ratio [GSSG]/([GSH]+[GSSG]) was 2-fold higher in the mesenteric PVAT from HFD animals compared to controls. Conclusions: We suggest that the imbalance between pro-oxidant (NOX, superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide) and antioxidant (eNOS, NO, ecSOD, GSSG) mechanisms in PVAT after long-term HFD might contribute to the aggravation of endothelial dysfunctionThis work was supported by grants from Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (BFU2011-25303), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2009- 09714, SAF2011-25303, BFU2012-35353), Grupos Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM; GR-921641), Fundación Universitaria San Pablo-CEU, Fundación Mutua Madrileña and Sociedad para el Estudio de la Salud Cardiometabólica (SESCAMET). MGO and CFG-P are supported by Ministerio de Educación y Cienci

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año X Invierno 1992 n. 1 pp. 147-189]

Editada en la Universidad Carlos IIICarlos Llorca Baus. La Compañía Trasatlántica en las Campañas de Ultramar. (Por Eugenio Torres Villanueva).-- Stephan Haggard. Pathways from the Periphery. The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries. (Por Pablo Bustelo).-- Joám Carmona Badía. El atraso industrial de Galicia. Auge y liquidación de las manufacturas textiles (1750-1900). (Por Concepción de Castro).-- Francisco Comín Comín. Hacienda y Economía en la España Contemporánea (1800-1936). (Por Juan Hernández Andreu).-- Anthony de Jasay. Social Contract, Free Ride. (Por Carlos Rodríguez Braun.).-- José Luis Cardoso. O pensamiento económico em Portugal nos fináis do século XVIII, 1780-1808. (Por Luis Perdices Blas).-- Gottfried Plumpe. Die I. G. Farbenindustrie AG. Wirtschaft, Technik und Politik, 1904-1945. (Por Nuria Puig).-- Alfonso Sánchez Hormigo. Valentín Andrés Álvarez (Un economista del 27). (Por Juan Velarde Fuertes).-- Alfred W. Crosby. Imperialismo ecológico. La expansión biológica de Europa, 900-1900. (Por José Domingo Sánchez Martínez).-- Julián Casanova. La historia social y los historiadores. (Por Eloy Fernández Clemente).-- Manuel Lucena Salmoral. Características del comercio exterior de la provincia de Caracas durante el sexenio revolucionario (1807-1812). (Por Emiliano Gil Blanco.).-- Michael Kitson y Solomos Solomou. Protectionism and Economic Revival: the British Interwar Economy. (Por Concha Betrán Pérez)Publicad

Measurement of the gluon fragmentation function and a comparison of the scaling violation in gluon and quarks jets

The fragmentation functions of quarks and gluons are measured in various three-jet topologies in Z decays from the full data set collected with the Delphi detector at the Z resonance between 1992 and 1995. The results at different values of transverse momentum-like scales are compared. A parameterization of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions at a fixed reference scale is given. The quark and gluon fragmentation functions show the predicted pattern of scaling violations. The scaling violation for quark jets as a function of a transverse momentum-like scale is in a good agreement with that observed in lower energy e+e− annihilation experiments. For gluon jets it appears to be significantly stronger. The scale dependences of the gluon and quark fragmentation functions agree with the prediction of the DGLAP evolution equations from which the colour factor ratio CA/CF is measured to be: CACF=2.26±0.09stat.±0.06sys.±0.12clus.,scale