Importance of concept maps for the organization and representation contained in the Information Sciences

Se realiza una descripción  de  los mapas conceptuales a partir de sus definiciones, componentes, características, tipología, principios y usos para sus aplicaciones. Se  caracteriza el proceso de organización y representación de los contenidos, como un proceso macro que incluye varios subprocesos de gran importancia para el desempeño de los profesionales  de la información. Se valora la influencia de la aplicación de  mapas conceptuales para la organización y representación de los contenidos en las Ciencias de la Información, destacando su impacto con las nuevas tecnologías de información y las comunicaciones.A description of the concept maps from their definitions, components, characteristics, types, principles and uses for their applications. It characterizes the process of organization and presentation of the contents as a macro process that includes multiple threads of great importance for the performance of information professional. Evaluate the influence of the application of concept maps for the organization and representation contained in the Information Sciences, highlighting the impact of new information technologies and communications

Maltrato infantil y representaciones de apego: defensas, memoria y estrategias, una revisión

Rodriguez, AF (Fresno Rodriguez, Andres); Contreras, RS (Spencer Contreras, Rosario); Castro, TR (Retamal Castro, Tania). Univ Talca, Fac Psicol, Talca, Chile.The aim of this paper is a review of the literature about the influence of child abuse on the formation of attachment representations. It describes the main theoretical assumptions about the effects of abuse on the defensive processes, memory systems and attachment strategies. These elements are discussed trough the presentation of an integrative model which is contrasted with empirical studies. It shows that child abuse affects the quality of attachment representations; however the studies do not take in to account all the complexity of the phenomenon of abuse. Theoretical issues discussed in this paper are marginally tested in the research reported

De la enfermología a la salutogénesis: conceptos teóricos en la búsqueda de la salud como derecho universal

La salud es construcción social la cual conlleva momentos históricos y de desarrollo social en sí misma. El tratar de entender a esta como un derecho universal de la humanidad es comprender las diferentes corrientes teóricas que han existido a su alrededor hasta encontrarse con la salutogénesis. La cual nos conlleva a entender a la salud desde los principios de otredad, dignidad y solidaridad, donde el colectivo y el individuo son parte fundamental en la toma de decisiones en salud como práctica social de su comunidad

Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] production under different salinity conditions by a novel Bacillus megaterium strain

Bacillus megaterium uyuni S29, isolated from the Bolivian salt lake Uyuni, displays a high capability to produce poly[(R)-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) in industrial culture media. In order to analyze the influence of salt on biomass formation and PHB production, cultivations at different NaCl concentrations were carried out according to the salinity conditions of the habitats of the strain’s original isolation. In this preliminary report, the strain showed considerable adaptability to media of different salinity, obtaining the best results for both cellular growth and PHB production in media containing 45 g/L NaCl. The strain grew at 100 g/L NaCl and PHB production was observed even at high salt levels of 250 g/L without unwanted concurrent spore formation. Its tolerance to high salt concentrations together with auspicious PHB productivity makes this strain appealing not only for PHB production, but also for other biotechnological applications such as the treatment of salty wastewater; additional studies will be needed to further increase PHB productivity.Postprint (published version

Synthesis of New Analogues of the Bengamides to encapsulate in magnetic nanoparticles

The development and identification of new antitumoral has become a research area of great interest and maximum priority due to secondary effects of current antitumoral and the appearance of tumours resistant to these agents. Marine sponges corresponding to the Jaspidae family have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among these, the Bengamides have showed an important biological profile, including antitumor, antibiotic and anthelmintic properties. Due to the interest of theses natural products, we describe a study directed towards the total synthesis of this class of compounds. Then we encapsulate Bengamides in temperature sensitive microgels with a magnetic core. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O 4) were prepared by coprecipitation method and the surface was functionalized by acrylic acid. Polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were grown by free radical polymerization in presence of cross-liker and initiator.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Thermorresponsive magnetic nanoparticles as target drug delivery for cancer treatment

In this research, temperature sensitive microgels with magnetic core for controlled release of 5-fluoruracil was synthesized. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by coprecipitation method and the surface was functionalized by acrylic acid. Polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) were grown by free radical polymerization in presence of cross-liker and initiator. The size of the polymer was manipulated by changing the mole percent of the crosslinker and evaluated for their morphology (TEM), particle size, zeta potential, loading efficiency, drug content and drug release. Furthermore, microgels were tagged with FITC, a fluorochrome which could be applied for cell imaging. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the microgels were not toxic. These complex nanoparticles (Fe3O4/pNIPAM/FITC/5-Fu) appear to be a great promise to be used in controlled drug delivery and tumor targeting.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Coercive field of ultrathin PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 epitaxial films

The polarization reversal in single-crystalline ferroelectric films has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The hysteresis loops were measured for Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 films with thicknesses ranging from 8 to 250 nm. These films were grown epitaxially on SrRuO3 bottom electrodes deposited on SrTiO3 substrates. The measurements using Pt top electrodes showed that the coercive field E-c increases drastically as the film becomes thinner, reaching values as high as E(c)approximate to1200 kV/cm. To understand this observation, we calculated the thermodynamic coercive field E-th of a ferroelectric film as a function of the misfit strain S-m in an epitaxial system and showed that E-th strongly depends on S-m. However, the coercive field of ultrathin films, when measured at high frequencies, exceeds the calculated thermodynamic limit. Since this is impossible for an intrinsic coercive field E-c, we conclude that measurements give an apparent E-c rather than the intrinsic one. An enormous increase of apparent coercive field in ultrathin films may be explained by the presence of a conductive nonferroelectric interface layer. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics

Leptin and its Association with Obesity among Mexican Adolescents

Purpose: To investigate the association between leptin concentrations and nutritional status among a Mexican adolescent population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 448 adolescents attending five schools in Durango, Mexico. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Other measurements included height, weight, and waist and hip circumference. Body fat of participants was assessed with bio-electrical impedance using a body composition analyzer InBody-720. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Results: Based on IOTF BMI cut-off points, 34.1% of adolescents were overweight and obese and prevalence rates were higher among females (37.1%) than males (29.5%). In agreement with waist circumference, 22.5% of participants were overweight and had abdominal obesity; and based on waist-to-hip ratio 35.5% had truncal obesity. Leptin concentration levels among females (19.33 ng/dL) were two times higher than among males (40.07 ng/dL) with a statistical significant difference (p=0.000). Leptin levels among obese females (69.92 ng/dL) were three times higher than among underweight females (17.70 ng/dL). Conversely, leptin levels among males (43.52 ng/dL) were four times higher than among their underweight counterparts (10.08 ng/dL). Mean leptin levels among women with body fat greater than 28% (46.44 ng/dL) were statistically different and 1.7 times higher than those with lower body fat (25.96 ng/dL) (p=0.000). Mean leptin levels among males with body fat greater than 20% (30.17 ng/dL) were statistically different (p=0.000) and 2.4 times higher than among males with lower body fat (12.35 ng/dL). Among both females and males, leptin concentration levels were positively and significantly associated with visceral body fat (R2=0.344 females; R2=0.373 males; p=0.000). Conclusions: Significant correlations between leptin and BMI, body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue area indicate that this hormone can be used as a biomarker for obesity among adolescents

“Valores DIAGNOdent en Esmalte Temporal Acondicionado con Láser Er: YAG VS. Autograbado Después de la Disolución Ácida

Se determinaron los valores DIAGNOdent del esmalte de dientes temporales acondicionados con láser Er: YAG vs. autograbado después de la disolución ácidaLas resinas para restauración dental requieren de un acondicionamiento previo del esmalte para una adhesión adecuada, ya sea con ácido, autograbado, y más recientemente con láser. Dentro de las ventajas de la aplicación del láser esta, por una parte la simplificación del procedimiento y por otra la posibilidad de incrementar la resistencia a la disolución ácida. O: Determinar los valores DIAGNOdent del esmalte de dientes temporales acondicionados con láser Er: YAG vs. autograbado después de la disolución ácida. M: Estudio experimental, cuya muestra incluyó 30 piezas dentarias temporales extraídas por razones terapéuticas, divididas aleatoriamente en 3 grupos (n=10); Grupo I Control (sin acondicionamiento), Grupo II Irradiado con láser Er: YAG, Grupo III Autograbado. Después del acondicionamiento, las muestras fueron colocadas en una solución ácida e incubadas, posteriormente se retiraron de la solución, se lavaron, secaron y se procedió al análisis con DIAGNOdent. Para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (p ≤ 0.05). R: El 100% de las muestras del grupo I, III y el 80% del II mostraron valores DIAGNOdent de 0-13, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. D: Los reportes en la literatura indican que a pesar de que el acondicionamiento con láser Er: YAG proporciona alta resistencia, provoca un daño considerable a la superficie de los órganos dentales y se considera que la técnica de autograbado es más segura. Sin embargo en el presente estudio aun cuando los datos muestran mayor desmineralización esto únicamente se presenta en un bajo porcentaje de muestras lo cual se puede deber a otros factores. C: Los valores DIAGNOdent del grupo II mostraron en mayor cantidad una ligera desmineralización del esmalte temporal a la disolución ácida, pero no es estadísticamente significativo.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic