Isomerization of Carotenoids During Processing of Tangerine Tomatoes

Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences (FAES): 1st Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)Epidemiological evidence, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that tomato-rich diets may be protective against different cancers, especially prostate cancer. Lycopene is the predominant carotenoid in tomatoes and Tangerine varieties are naturally high in tetra-cis lycopene, imparting an orange color. Human nutrition studies have demonstrated that cis isomers of lycopene are more bioavailable than the all-trans form. This has prompted interest in Tangerine tomatoes, as they are high in cis-lycopene when raw. The carotenoid profile of Tangerine tomatoes is quite different than red tomatoes. Little has been done to determine the effects of different degrees of thermal treatment and differing fat levels on the carotenoid profile of these tomatoes. The purpose of this study is to develop a Tangerine tomato juice, optimized for bioavailability and acceptability for use in a clinical trial. The second aim is to use Tangerine tomato sauce as a model system to investigate the effects of different degrees of thermal treatment and fat levels on carotenoid profiles and isomerization. An experimental hybrid of Tangerine tomatoes was hot break processed into juice and canned separately. Juice was then re-processed with varying levels of fat (0, 1, 2 and 3% w/w) for varying amounts of time (0, 30, 60 and 120min) at 88°C. Sauce was freeze dried to concentrate and re-processed with varying levels of fat (0, 1, 5, 15 and 30% w/w) for varying amounts of time (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 min) at 100°C. Samples in replicate were extracted for carotenoids. Phytoene, phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene, tetra-cis¬ lycopene, all-trans lycopene and other cis¬ lycopene were quantified using HPLC-PDA. Total carotenoids decreased with longer heating times. Phytoene and phytofluene were relatively heat stable. Tetra-cis lycopene decreased significantly with processing time but not with fat level. All-trans lycopene and other-cis lycopene increased significantly with processing. These results show the capability to modulate carotenoid bioavailability by food processing.A five-year embargo was granted for this item

ASPECTS OF THE SUPERVISORY RELATIONSHIP IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNSHIPS

Although extensive research has investigated the role of the supervisory relationship during internship within different fields of psychology, little is known about the nature of the supervisory relationship during the yearlong school psychology internship. The current study investigated the nature of the supervisory relationship in a group of 295 school psychologists, including ratings of working alliance, satisfaction with supervision, and quality of the supervisory relationship, and determined if these constructs could predict of the outcome of willingness to serve as a school psychology supervisor in the future. This study also developed two new measures of satisfaction with supervision that are specific to the field of school psychology. Large positive correlations were found amongst all aspects of the supervisory relationship, and between the two newly developed, school psychology specific measures of supervisory satisfaction with a widely used measure of supervisory satisfaction initially developed for use in the field of clinical psychology. Supervisory satisfaction was higher when all ten domains of school psychology practice were addressed in supervision. Results also suggested a small negative relationship between aspects of the supervisory relationship and future willingness to supervise an intern. Strengths, limitations, and implications for the practice of school psychology are discussed

An Exploration of Collaboration Between School Psychologists and School Administrators

Prior research has highlighted strong benefits from having a collaborative environment within schools. However, there has been limited research regarding factors that can promote a collaborative relationship between two key professionals within the school environment: school administrators and school psychologists. The first purpose of this study was to examine the nature of collaboration between school psychologists and school administrators. The second purpose was to explore ways to facilitate and improve this interprofessional collaboration within the school to promote safe, equitable, and supportive school climates and positive student outcomes. Using a qualitative methodology, we collected and analyzed data from three focus groups: school psychologists, school administrators, and a combined group of school psychologists and school administrators, all working in New York City and nearby suburban, public culturally and linguistically diverse school settings. We developed an interview guide disseminated to the participants prior to the focus group meetings which were held via conference call and recorded. Discussions were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Four raters coded the data and reached consensus on major themes. The findings suggest that quality collaboration between school psychologists and school administrators is infrequent and often haphazard and it should instead be intentional and purposeful. The study uncovered prerequisites for and challenges to effective collaboration, leading to recommendations for intervention in school practice and in preparation programs with a goal of enhancing school climate and student outcomes

Metabolite fingerprinting of Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) tubers at different growth stages by multi-platform metabolomics and molecular networking

Urospatha sagittifolia is a medicinal plant with antivenom, antihemorrhagic and anti-inflammatory properties commonly used by vulnerable Amazon indigenous communities to tackle venomous snakebites and their life-threatening consequences. Despite its pharmacological potential as a rich source of drug candidates, its metabolomic profile remains unknown. In this context, this study integrated mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, multivariate analysis, and molecular networks to uncover the chemical composition of U. sagittifolia and its dynamic metabolic changes during three plant growth stages (seedling, juvenile and adult). In general, 50 metabolites were identified in U. sagittifolia tubers by LC-MS (43 metabolites) and GC-MS (seven metabolites). Multivariate analysis using LC-MS showed that the relative concentrations of most of the identified metabolites were higher in seedlings or juveniles than in adults. On the other hand, GC-MS analysis showed that methyl palmitate and methyl stearate were the most abundant in the early growth stages, whereas allantoic acid and palmitic acid prevailed as the plant matured. In summary, this is the first metabolomicscentered mining of U. sagittifolia compositional diversity focusing on chemical-level variability. These valuable findings offer a temporal view of metabolic changes during plant growth stages, which is useful for future bioprospecting, biological screening, and purification of metabolite-based therapeutics

Biosynthesis of Steroidal Alkaloids Are Coordinately Regulated and Differ Among Tomatoes in the Red-Fruited Clade

1.1SummaryWe quantitatively profiled and genotyped two tomato populations representing diversity in the red-fruited clade to address the lack of knowledge regarding the chemical diversity, concentration, and genetic architecture controlling tomato steroidal alkaloids.We grew 107 genetically diverse fresh market, processing, land-race, and wild tomatoes in multiple environments. Nine steroidal alkaloids were quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The diversity panel and a biparental population segregating for high alpha-tomatine, were genotyped to identify and validate quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with steroidal alkaloids.Land-races and wild material exhibited higher alkaloid concentrations and more chemical diversity. Average total content of steroidal alkaloids, often dominated by lycoperoside F/G/esculeoside A, ranged from 1.9 to 23.3 mg/100 g fresh weight across accessions. Land-race and wild cherry accessions distinctly clustered based on elevated early or late steroidal alkaloid concentrations. Significant correlations were observed among early and late steroidal alkaloids in a species-dependent manner. A QTL controlling multiple, early steroidal alkaloid pathway intermediates on chromosome 3 was identified by genome wide association (GWAS) and validated in a backcross population.Tomato steroidal alkaloids are diverse in the red-fruited tomato clade and their biosynthesis is regulated in a coordinated manner.</jats:p