Intrinsic degradation mechanism of nearly lattice-matched InAlN layers grown on GaN substrates

Thanks to its high refractive index contrast, band gap and polarization mismatch compared to GaN, In0.17Al0.83N layers lattice-matched to GaN are an attractive solution for applications such as distributed Bragg reflectors, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, or high electron mobility transistors. In order to study the structural degradation mechanism of InAlN layers with increasing thickness, we performed metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of InAlN layers of thicknesses ranging from 2 to 500 nm, on free-standing (0001) GaN substrates with a low density of threading dislocations, for In compositions of 13.5% (layers under tensile strain), and 19.7% (layers under compressive strain). In both cases, a surface morphology with hillocks is initially observed, followed by the appearance of V-defects. We propose that those hillocks arise due to kinetic roughening, and that V-defects subsequently appear beyond a critical hillock size. It is seen that the critical thickness for the appearance of V-defects increases together with the surface diffusion length either by increasing the temperature or the In flux because of a surfactant effect. In thick InAlN layers, a better (worse) In incorporation occurring on the concave (convex) shape surfaces of the V-defects is observed leading to a top phase-separated InAlN layer lying on the initial homogeneous InAlN layer after V-defects coalescence. It is suggested that similar mechanisms could be responsible for the degradation of thick InGaN layers

The myth of the serpent: from the Great Snake to the henhouse

IntroductionThe relationship between humans and snakes is permeated by myths and legends, which have led to these animals being seen as malevolent beings since biblical times. As a result, their interaction tends to be negative, mainly in Occidental Cultures, often leading to the frequent killing of snakes in cases of perceived self-defense. Among them, anacondas stand out as the largest snake species in Brazil, widely known through legends such as the “Boiuna” and the “Cobra Grande.” As this is a semi-aquatic species, some traditional populations, such as the varzeiros (riverine people who live in periodically flooded áreas known as várzea), have a historical generational coexistence with these animals.MethodsHere, we focus on the várzea regions of the Lower Amazon River, where despite the lack of official studies on snake hunting, it is a known region of conflict. By analyzing different narratives from the local populations, we dug some key points behind the conflicts between humans and the local anaconda population, aiming to understand the main causes of killings and explore potential arguments to prevent them.ResultsOur findings reveal that local dwellers possess notable ecological and biological knowledge about the anaconda, particularly its feeding and reproductive behaviors. However, their perceptions of these snakes remain predominantly negative. We identified a cultural aspect in the act of killing anacondas, as men often expressed the perceived necessity to do so. Most notably, we observed that the primary trigger for these killings was anger due to economic losses, while fear acted as a deterrent to slaughter.ConclusionBased on this, our results suggest the development of a collaborative management plan and conservation strategy for anacondas, with an emphasis on protecting the local economy. Improving henhouse structures and a management plan for the use or trade of anaconda fat appear to be promising initial steps

Ingesta dietética en el postoperatorio de la cirugía bariátrica en un hospital universitario en Río de Janeiro

Introduction: bariatric surgery is a treatment for morbid obesity that besides result in high weight loss promotes improvements in laboratory tests and in the pressure reduction. However the surgery can cause bad effects as deficiency some nutrients. This fact become more important evaluates the adequacy of dietary intake of these patients. The objective this study was evaluates the adequacy dietetic of patients after bariatric surgery.Material and methods: we select forty women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric and carried evaluation anthropometric and dietetic. The dietary evaluate was compared with the daily consumption requirement and food pyramid for these patients.Results: forty women with 43.1 ± 9.96 years, obesity and very high risk for metabolic complications associate with obesity, and with acceptation of supplementation (95%) participated this study. The majority of women consumed group’s foods “high-calorie foods, fats and sweets are energy-dense foods” and showed high intake of foods groups “grains and cereals” and “high-fiber, low-calorie foods”. Dietary intake was low-calorie (1342.50 ± 474.06 Kcal), adequate in protein (22.10 ± 6.94%), carbohydrate (50.74 ± 10.96%), lipid (26.14 ± 7.17%), saturated fatty acids (8.69 ± 2.74%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.93 ± 3.51%) and low-monounsaturated fatty acids (4.13 ± 1.78%) and fibers (17.02 ± 10.64 g).Conclusions: nutritional habits of women showed inadequacy, these results reinforce the importance of nutritional accompanying in the late postoperative bariatric surgery.Introducción: la cirugía bariátrica es un tratamiento para obesidad mórbida y además de resultar en elevada pérdida de peso produce mejoras en marcadores bioquímicos de los sujetos y una reducción de la presión arterial. Sin embargo, la cirugía puede provocar efectos negativos como deficiencias de algunos nutrientes. Esto hace que sea importante evaluar la adecuación dietética de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adecuación dietética de pacientes después de la cirugía bariátrica.Material y métodos: se seleccionaron 40 mujeres sometidas a gastroplastia en Y de Roux y se llevó a cabo las mediciones antropométricas y dietéticas. La evaluación dietética fue comparada con el requerimiento de ingesta diaria y la pirámide nutricional para estos pacientes.Resultados: participaron en el estudio cuarenta mujeres con 43,1 ± 9,96 años, obesas y con riesgo elevado de complicaciones metabólicas, y buena aceptación de la suplementación (95%). La mayoría de las mujeres  consumió grupos de alimentos “con alto contenido de calorías, grasa y dulce” y mostraron alta ingesta del grupo “granos y cereales” y “alimentos ricos en fibra y bajos en calorías”. La ingesta fue baja en calorías (1342,50 ± 474,06 kcal), ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (4,13 ± 1,78%) y fibras (17,02 ± 10,64 g), adecuada en proteínas (22,10 ± 6,94%), carbohidratos (50,74 ± 10,96%), lípidos (26,14 ± 7,17%), ácidos grasos saturados (8,69 ± 2,74%) y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (8,93 ± 3,51%).Conclusiones: las mujeres mostraron malos hábitos alimentarios, lo que refuerza la importancia del asesoramiento nutricional en el postoperatorio tardío de la cirugía bariátrica

Lei nº 14/230/2021 : a reforma da lei de improbidade administrativa e a sua aplicação nos processos em curso

Orientador: Bernardo Strobel GuimarãesCoorientador: Fernando MenegatMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Jurídicas, Curso de Graduação em DireitoInclui referênciasResumo: A presente Monografia tem como objeto de análise a reforma da Lei 8.429/1992, a chamada LIA - Lei de Improbidade Administrativa, que teve sua redação substancialmente alterada com a Lei 14.230/2021, promovendo mudanças de direito material e direito processual. Tendo em vista que a reforma não trouxe consigo nenhuma norma de transição, não deixando claro se a nova redação seria aplicada de forma imediata ou retroativa, este trabalho procura expor argumentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis no tocante à aplicação retroativa da nova LIA. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta qual a solução dada à questão pelo julgamento do Tema 1.199 do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que enfrentou a questão da retroatividade da Lei 14.230/2021, assim como a aplicação da norma mais benéfica.Abstract: This Monograph analyzes the reform of Law 8.429/1992, the so-called LIA - Administrative Improbity Law, which had its wording substantially changed with Law 14.230/2021, promoting changes in substantive law and procedural law. Considering that the reform did not bring with it any transitional norm, making it unclear whether the new wording would be applied immediately or retroactively, this work seeks to expose favorable and unfavorable arguments regarding the retroactive application of the new LIA. Finally, the work presents the solution given to the issue by the judgment of Theme 1.199 of the Federal Supreme Court, which faced the issue of the retroactivity of Law 14.230/2021, as well as the application of the most beneficial rule

Método Canvas gestão de processos: descrição da implementação no Colégio Novo Tempo

This study aims to improve process management at Colégio Novo Tempo through the application of the Canvas Method, a strategic tool widely used to analyze and visualize an organization's business model. Through the implementation of this model in the context of Colégio Novo Tempo, it was possible to carry out a more in-depth and detailed analysis of the different aspects of the school business. Using the Canvas Method made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Colégio Novo Tempo, highlighting the areas in which the school stands out and the areas that require improvement. Furthermore, this methodology also helped to identify opportunities - positive aspects that can be explored by the school to obtain a competitive advantage - and threats - external factors that can negatively impact the school's performance. This study also emphasizes the importance of a customer-centric vision, one of the main principles of the Canvas Method. By placing students and their families at the center of the process, the school can get closer to customer expectations and demands, contributing to increased satisfaction and loyalty. In short, this work demonstrates how the Canvas Method can be a valuable tool for improving process management in an educational environment, providing valuable insights for strategic and operational decision-making.Este estudo visa aprimorar a gestão de processos no Colégio Novo Tempo por meio da aplicação do Método Canvas, uma ferramenta estratégica amplamente utilizada para analisar e visualizar o modelo de negócios de uma organização. Através da implementação deste modelo no contexto do Colégio Novo Tempo, foi possível realizar uma análise mais aprofundada e detalhada dos diversos aspectos do negócio escolar. O uso do Método Canvas permitiu identificar os pontos fortes e fracos do Colégio Novo Tempo, destacando as áreas em que a escola se sobressai e as áreas que necessitam de melhorias. Além disso, essa metodologia também auxiliou na identificação de oportunidades - aspectos positivos que podem ser explorados pela escola para obter vantagem competitiva - e ameaças - fatores externos que podem impactar negativamente o desempenho da escola. Este estudo também enfatiza a importância da visão centrada no cliente, um dos principais princípios do Método Canvas. Ao colocar os alunos e suas famílias no centro do processo, a escola pode se aproximar mais das expectativas e demandas dos clientes, contribuindo para o aumento da satisfação e fidelização. Em suma, este trabalho demonstra como o Método Canvas pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para melhorar a gestão de processos em um ambiente educacional, fornecendo insights valiosos para a tomada de decisões estratégicas e operacionais

Simultaneous Evaluation of Bone Cut and Implant Placement Accuracy in Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of bone cuts and implant placements, simultaneously, for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed using a system with an active robotic arm. Methods: Two experienced orthopaedic surgeons performed TKA on ten cadaveric legs. Computed tomography scans were performed to compare the bone cuts and implant placements with the preoperative planning. The differences between the planned and actual bone cuts and implant placements were assessed using positional and angular errors in the three anatomical planes. Additionally, the cut-implant deviations were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to detect systematic errors in the bone cuts and implant placements and to quantify the correlations between these errors. Results: The root-mean-square (RMS) errors of the bone cuts (with respect to the planning) were between 0.7-1.5 mm and 0.6-1.7°. The RMS implant placement errors (with respect to the planning) varied between 0.6-1.6 mm and 0.4-1.5°, except for the femur and tibia in the sagittal plane (2.9°). Systematic errors in the bone cuts and implant placements were observed, respectively, in three and two degrees of freedom. For cut-implant deviations, the RMS values ranged between 0.3-2.0 mm and 0.6-1.9°. The bone cut and implant placement errors were significantly correlated in eight degrees-of-freedom (ρ ≥ 0.67, p < 0.05). Conclusions: With most of the errors below 2 mm or 2°, this study supported the value of active robotic TKA in achieving accurate bone cuts and implant placements. The findings also highlighted the need for both accurate bone cuts and proper implantation technique to achieve accurate implant placements

ETNOHERPETOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO: SABERES TRADICIONAIS NA PROTEÇÃO DOS LAGARTOS NO NORDESTE PARAENSE

Ameaçados em todo o mundo por diferentes fatores, a conservação dos lagartos é dificultada devido às estórias que cercam esse grupo faunístico e à sua aparência pouco carismática. Nesta pesquisa, entrevistamos 53 moradores de comunidades tradicionais (quilombola, ribeirinha e indígena) situadas dentro da Área de Endemismo de Belém sobre os saberes e percepções destes em relação à comunidade de lagartos local. Identificamos um vasto conhecimento intrínseco por parte dos entrevistados sobre essa parcela da herpetofauna, que se relacionavam e se utilizavam de algumas das espécies descritas. A partir destas narrativas, apresentamos dados concernentes à etnoherpetologia dos lagartos da Amazônia Paraense, tendo como base a etnotaxonomia e estórias locais, e discutimos aspectos importantes para a sua conservação a partir do conhecimento tradicional compartilhado. Pudemos identificar também a diminuição da densidade de algumas espécies, aparecimento de espécies invasoras e desrespeito à legislação ambiental em relação à demarcação de terras tradicionais. Com isso, estudos de cunho etnobiológico apresentam-se como eficazes em estudos e projetos de conservação, uma vez que investigam a dinâmica e os saberes entre moradores e a fauna local

Compreendendo o Direito Humano à Liberdade de Religião ou Crença: Análise Comparada do Quadro Normativo Internacional

The human right to freedom of religion continues to be seriously violated around the world. In light of this scenario, this article seeks to understand the concept of the human right to freedom of religion or belief, i.e. what is its scope of protection? When is it violated? What is understood about the content of this human right around the world, and not just in the Western liberal/secular context? To this end, this article analyzes the international normative framework for freedom of religion or belief, i.e. the universal and regional human rights systems, as well as how the norms are applied by the corresponding mechanisms. The aim is to understand the common normative content of the international provisions dealing with this freedom, its scope of protection and the situations in which it is violated.En todo el mundo sigue ocurriendo graves violaciones del derecho humano a la libertad de religión. Por esta razón, este artículo trata de comprender el concepto de derecho humano a la libertad de religión o de creencias, es decir, ¿cuál es su ámbito de protección? ¿Cuándo se viola? ¿Qué se entiende por el contenido de este derecho humano en todo el mundo, y no sólo en el contexto occidental liberal/secular? Así, este artículo analiza el marco normativo internacional de la libertad de religión o de creencias, es decir, los sistemas universal y regional de derechos humanos, así como el modo en que las normas han sido aplicadas por los mecanismos correspondientes. El objetivo es comprender el contenido normativo común de las disposiciones internacionales que tratan de esta libertad, su ámbito de protección y las situaciones en que es violada.Graves violações ao direito humano à liberdade religiosa continuam a ocorrer mundo afora. Diante disso, este artigo busca compreender o conceito do direito humano à liberdade de religião ou crença, isto é, qual é o seu escopo de proteção? Quando ele é violado? O que se entende do conteúdo desse direito humano ao redor do mundo, e não apenas no contexto ocidental liberal/secular? Para tanto, este artigo analisa o quadro normativo internacional da liberdade de religião ou crença, isto é, os sistemas universal e regional de direitos humanos, bem como o modo que as normas têm sido aplicadas pelos mecanismos correspondentes. O objetivo é compreender o conteúdo normativo comum dos dispositivos internacionais que tratam dessa liberdade, seu escopo de proteção e as situações em que ela é violada