Cinemas of Endurance

Cinemas of Endurance begins by questioning the way in which critics and scholars have addressed art cinema over the last decade, specifically the films referred to as “slow cinema.” These films have garnered widespread attention since the start of the 21st century for how they deploy what many believe to be anachronistic and redundant formal techniques, often discussed in terms of nostalgia and pastiche. This dissertation argues that these films have been unfairly couched within this discourse that largely judges their validity based on their stylistic similarities to the art cinema of the 1960s and 1970s. Breaking from this direction, this project proposes we take these films and their aesthetic seriously, not for stubbornly refuting the prevailing formal trends in filmmaking, but for how it creates a critical optic that grants us a greater capacity to recognize some of the most prevailing social, political, and economic issues of the last decade. Further, by using stylistic techniques that can often register as out of place, or protracted, these films can help us to understand the way our physical, mental, and affective coordinates have shifted in this historical moment. Each chapter of this dissertation takes an exemplary film from this subset of art cinema and addresses how the aesthetic works against established modes of viewing to render visible modalities of life that often escape critical ire because they are expected. This project relies on the theories and methodologies of film and media studies, aesthetic theory, realism, materialism, accelerationism, cultural studies, continental philosophy, and political philosophy. The films and filmmakers analyzed include: The Limits of Control (2009), dir. Jim Jarmusch; Ossos (1997), In Vanda’s Room (2000), and Colossal Youth (2006), dir. Pedro Costa; Dogville (2003), dir. Lars von Trier; and, 2046 (2004), dir. Wong Kar-wai

"Le Terrain c'est la (vraie) vie" (CLAUSSMANN B., 2018 - Discussion interne)

International audience« Planter des électrodes ». Voilà en trois mots le résumé du terrain réalisé pendant trois jours sur l’île d’Arz dans le Golfe du Morbihan par une équipe composée de deux étudiantes et de deux enseignants dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche. Autour de cette tâche relativement simple, se cachent la mise en place d’échanges, de collaborations, de partages au sein de l’équipe où chacun, peu importe son statut académique, se met au service de l’autre. La naissance d’une collaboration sur le long terme. Vous avez compris « disciple » ? A suivre

Structure et ultrastructure de la pulpe de Vipera aspis (viperidae)

The present paper using classical and transmission electron microscopy brings the first data on the pulp of the fangs of Viperidae (poisonous serpents with terrestrial or semi-aquatic habits).The pulp of the fangs of Viperidae shows a poor collagen and fibroblast content and a high developed vascular system.The odontoblasts are polarized, with a high organelle content. The interconnections are constituted of lateral «gap junction» systems.At a late secretion stage, the odontoblastic processes show a poor cytoplasm, mainly constituted of microfilaments.Le présent travail, en microscopie photonique et en microscopie électronique à transmission, a permis d’apporter les premières informations sur la pulpe des crochets à venin des Vipéridés (serpents venimeux de moeurs terrestres ou semi-aquatiques).Cette pulpe se caractérise par sa pauvreté en fibres de collagène et en fibroblastes et par une importante vascularisation.Les odontoblastes sont très polarisés, riches en organites cellulaires, leurs interconnexions se font au niveau d’expansions latérales par des «gap junctions».Les prolongements odontoblastiques, en fin de sécrétion, ont un cytoplasme pauvre, composé essentiellement de microfilaments

Structure, ultrastructure et analyses physico-chimiques des tissus durs dentaires des vipéridés

The present study, using classical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectroscopy, has shown the dental hard tissues of the fangs of Viperidae (poisonous serpents with terrestrial or semi-aquatic habits) to be constituted of:a calcified outer layer, 0.4 µm thick, made of very small needle-like crystals, randomly distributed. The calcified outer layer contains organic invaginations inducing pores at the surface and many collagen fibres uncompletely mineralized, which may suggest enameloid.a calcified inner layer, in the wall of the poison canal. The calcified inner layer, 0.6 µm thick, is constituted of very small crystals, which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the calcified outer layer. It might be the inner layer of enameloid.an orthodentine, whose tubules present a special lateral branching system resembling a fish-bone. The TEM data, which show the dentine to be constituted of very small ill-defined crystals and uncompletely mineralized collagen fibres are corroborated by chemical analyses which reveal a poorly mineralized apatite with high carbonate content.Le présent travail, en microscopie photonique, microradiographie, microscopie électronique à balayage, microscopie électronique à transmission, diffraction X et spectroscopie infra-rouge, a permis de mettre en évidence, dans les tissus dentaires minéralisés des crochets des Vipéridés (serpents venimeux de moeurs terrestres ou semi-aquatiques):une couche externe calcifiée (CEC), d’une épaisseur de 0,4 µm environ, constituée de très petits cristaux aciculaires, sans orientation préférentielle. La CEC renferme des invaginations organiques, pouvant aboutir à un pore en surface et une proportion importante de structures fibrillaires de nature collagénique évoquant un émailoïde.une couche interne calcifiée, au niveau de la paroi du canal à venin. La couche interne calcifiée, d’une épaisseur de 0,6 µm environ, est constituée de très petits cristaux aciculaires parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires à la couche externe calcifiée. Elle renferme également des fibres de collagène incomplètement minéralisées. Il pourrait s’agir d’un émailoïde interne.une orthodentine, dont les tubuli présentent un système de ramifications latérales donnant une image en arête de poisson. Les données de la MET, montrant que la dentine des crochets est composée de très petits cristaux aciculaires mal définis et de fibres de collagène incomplètement minéralisées sont confirmées par les analyses chimiques indiquant que le minéral est une apatite de faible cristallinité, fortement carbonatée

Changes in analytical and volatile compositions of red wines induced by pre-fermentation heat treatment of grapes

Experiments were carried out on Grenache, Carignan and Fer grapes in order to characterize the changes in nitrogen content of the musts, conventional enological parameters and aroma compounds of the wines induced by pre-fermentation heating of the grapes followed by alcoholic fermentation in liquid phase or in solid phase. In comparison to a standard vinification, we showed that a two-hour heat treatment at 70 °C induced a significant loss in several grape-derived aroma compounds (terpenols, norisoprenoids and some phenols) associated with an increase in a-terpineol, guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, which suggests thermal degradation. A significant increase in most of the ethyl esters, in acetates and in fatty acids were observed in wines fermented in liquid phase, together with a decrease in fusel alcohols. The substantial modification in the amino acid composition of the must seems to be a crucial element for the understanding of these changes. Chemical compounds studied in this article: ß-Damascenone (PubChem CID: 5374527); ß-Ionone (PubChem CID: 638014); ß-Citronellol (PubChem CID: 8842); a-Terpineol (PubChem CID: 17100); Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549); 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone (PubChem CID: 88290); 3-Mercaptohexanol (PubChem CID: 521348); 2-Furfurylthiol (PubChem CID: 7363); 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (PubChem CID: 32594); Guaiacol (PubChem CID: 460