Fasciathérapie et identité professionnelle: étude des reconfigurations identitaires d’une population de kinésithérapeutes pratiquant la fasciathérapie

Tese apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Sociais, especialidade em PsicologiaO estudo da identidade profissional desenvolvido nesta tese aborda a questão da profissão, da profissionalização e da identidade profissional, uma temática muito atual, num contexto de modernização e de mobilidade do trabalho. Essa pesquisa ocorre na área da fisioterapia francesa, uma profissão que conheceu fases sucessivas de transformação e de mudanças identitárias. A outra área estudada é a fasciaterapia método Danis Bois, terapia manual resultada da osteopatia, que esteve incluída durante muito tempo dentro da fisioterapia. O objetivo da questão de pesquisa é interrogar esse cruzamento entre fisioterapia e fasciaterapia : « Em qual medida e como os fisioterapeutas formados em fasciaterapia reconfiguram a sua identidade profissional no contato com a fasciaterapia ? » Para responder a essa questão, uma pesquisa quantitativa, feita por meio de um questionário, foi dirigida a 446 fisioterapeutas que praticam a fasciaterapia. Essa pesquisa gerou um conjunto de resultados que permitem melhorar o conhecimento da identidade dos fisioterapeutas estudados, relativamente à sua profissão de referência. Ela evidencia também a existência de três perfis identitários de fisioterapeutas que praticam a fasciaterapia, e revela os modos de reconfiguração identitária específicos de cada perfil. Esse trabalho constitui dessa maneira uma base de referência científica que deve ser utilizada como apoio na avaliação e no reconhecimento da especificidade da fasciaterapia, com vista ao reconhecimento profissional e institucional.L’étude de l’identité professionnelle qui est déployée dans cette thèse aborde la question de la profession, de la professionnalisation et de l’identité professionnelle thématiques très actuelles dans un contexte de modernisation et de mobilité du travail. Cette recherche se déroule dans le champ de la kinésithérapie française, profession qui a fait l’objet de phases successives de transformation et de changements identitaires. L’autre domaine étudié est la fasciathérapie méthode Danis Bois, thérapie manuelle issue de l’ostéopathie qui a longtemps fait partie du paysage de la kinésithérapie. La question de recherche est formulée en vue d’interroger ce carrefour entre kinésithérapie et fasciathérapie : « En quoi et comment les kinésithérapeutes pratiquant la fasciathérapie sont-ils amenés à reconfigurer leur identité professionnelle? ». Pour répondre à ce questionnement, une enquête quantitative à l’aide d’un questionnaire auto-administré a été conduite auprès de 446 kinésithérapeutes exerçant la fasciathérapie. Cette enquête a donné lieu à un ensemble de résultats qui permettent de mieux connaître l’identité des kinésithérapeutes enquêtés au regard de leur profession de référence. Elle met également en évidence l’existence de trois profils identitaires de kinésithérapeutes pratiquant la fasciathérapie et rend compte des modes de reconfiguration identitaire spécifiques à chaque profil. Ce travail de recherche constitue ainsi une base de référence scientifique qui doit servir de support à la caractérisation et l’évaluation de la spécificité de la fasciathérapie en vue d’une reconnaissance professionnelle et institutionnelle.The study of the professional identity which is developed in this thesis addresses the themes of profession, professionalization and professional identity, which are all current issues in the present background of modernization and job mobility. This research is taking place in the the field of French physiotherapy, a profession which has undergone different phases of transformations and identity changes. The other field carried out by this research is fasciatherapy Danis Bois Method, a manual therapy originated in osteopathy which has long been part of the physiotherapy environment. The research question was formulated in order to address this cross section between physiotherapy and fasciatherapy: « How and in what ways do physiotherapists who practice fasciatherapy are led to reconfigure their professional identity? » In view of bringing answers to such questioning, a quantitative survey was conducted using a selfadministered questionnaire on 446 physiotherapists practicing fasciatherapy. This survey brought numerous results and information which allow a better understanding of the identity of the investigated physiotherapists, with regards to their reference profession. It reveals the existence of three identity profiles amongst physiotherapists practicing fasciatherapy, and also documents identity reconfiguring processes depending on the profile. This piece of work forms a scientific basis for further characterization and assessment of fasciatherapy specificities with regards to its professional and institutional acknowledgement

In Vitro Models for Studying Secondary Plant Metabolite Digestion and Bioaccessibility

There is an increased interest in secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols and carotenoids, due to their proposed health benefits. Much attention has focused on their bioavailability, a prerequisite for further physiological functions. As human studies are time consuming, costly, and restricted by ethical concerns, in vitro models for investigating the effects of digestion on these compounds have been developed and employed to predict their release from the food matrix, bioaccessibility, and assess changes in their profiles prior to absorption. Most typically, models simulate digestion in the oral cavity, the stomach, the small intestine, and, occasionally, the large intestine. A plethora of models have been reported, the choice mostly driven by the type of phytochemical studied, whether the purpose is screening or studying under close physiological conditions, and the availability of the model systems. Unfortunately, the diversity of model conditions has hampered the ability to compare results across different studies. For example, there is substantial variability in the time of digestion, concentrations of salts, enzymes, and bile acids used, pH, the inclusion of various digestion stages; and whether chosen conditions are static (with fixed concentrations of enzymes, bile salts, digesta, and so on) or dynamic (varying concentrations of these constituents). This review presents an overview of models that have been employed to study the digestion of both lipophilic and hydrophilic phytochemicals, comparing digestive conditions in vitro and in vivo and, finally, suggests a set of parameters for static models that resemble physiological conditions

Integrating genetics with newborn metabolomics in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Introduction Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is caused by hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter muscle. Objectives: Since previous reports have implicated lipid metabolism, we aimed to (1) investigate associations between IHPS and a wide array of lipid-related metabolites in newborns, and (2) address whether detected differences in metabolite levels were likely to be driven by genetic differences between IHPS cases and controls or by differences in early life feeding patterns. Methods: We used population-based random selection of IHPS cases and controls born in Denmark between 1997 and 2014. We randomly took dried blood spots of newborns from 267 pairs of IHPS cases and controls matched by sex and day of birth. We used a mixed-effects linear regression model to evaluate associations between 148 metabolites and IHPS in a matched case-control design. Results The phosphatidylcholine PC(38:4) showed significantly lower levels in IHPS cases (P = 4.68 x 10(-8)) as did six other correlated metabolites (four phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitine AC(2:0), and histidine). Associations were driven by 98 case-control pairs born before 2009, when median age at sampling was 6 days. No association was seen in 169 pairs born in 2009 or later, when median age at sampling was 2 days. More IHPS cases than controls had a diagnosis for neonatal difficulty in feeding at breast (P = 6.15 x 10(-3)). Genetic variants known to be associated with PC(38:4) levels did not associate with IHPS. Conclusions: We detected lower levels of certain metabolites in IHPS, possibly reflecting different feeding patterns in the first days of life.Peer reviewe

Changes in the gene expression profile during spontaneous migraine attacks

Migraine attacks are delimited, allowing investigation of changes during and outside attack. Gene expression fluctuates according to environmental and endogenous events and therefore, we hypothesized that changes in RNA expression during and outside a spontaneous migraine attack exist which are specific to migraine. Twenty-seven migraine patients were assessed during a spontaneous migraine attack, including headache characteristics and treatment effect. Blood samples were taken during attack, two hours after treatment, on a headache-free day and after a cold pressor test. RNA-Sequencing, genotyping, and steroid profiling were performed. RNA-Sequences were analyzed at gene level (differential expression analysis) and at network level, and genomic and transcriptomic data were integrated. We found 29 differentially expressed genes between ‘attack’ and ‘after treatment’, after subtracting non-migraine specific genes, that were functioning in fatty acid oxidation, signaling pathways and immune-related pathways. Network analysis revealed mechanisms affected by changes in gene interactions, e.g. ‘ion transmembrane transport’. Integration of genomic and transcriptomic data revealed pathways related to sumatriptan treatment, i.e. ‘5HT1 type receptor mediated signaling pathway’. In conclusion, we uniquely investigated intra-individual changes in gene expression during a migraine attack. We revealed both genes and pathways potentially involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and/or migraine treatment.publishedVersio

La communauté djaféri à Istanbul

Rapport de stage rédigé à l'automne 2015 par Marie COURRAUD  Télécharger La communauté djaféri à Istanbul La communauté chiite d'Istanbul est très largement issue d'une migration de populations azéries provenant du nord-est du pays (régions de Kars et Iğdır). Ces groupes se sont installés à Istanbul suite à deux grandes vagues migratoires en 1950-60 et 1980-90. En parallèle existe une communauté chiite iranienne, présente de façon vivace depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu'au début du XXe, mais qu..

Functional characterization of two forms of Intellectual Disability associated with mutations in DYRK1A and PQBP1

La déficience intellectuelle (DI) est un trouble du neurodéveloppement et la première raison de consultation génétique. Cependant, un certain nombre de variants restent classés en tant que Variants de signification inconnue (VSI) et contribuent au phénomène d’errance diagnostique. De plus, la DI est caractérisée par une hétérogénéité génétique extrême et les mécanismes physiopathologiques associés sont généralement mal connues. Mon travail de doctorat a consisté à mettre au point des approches expérimentales permettant de reclasser l’ensemble des VSI dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. J’ai également investigué les mécanismes cellulaires dérégulés lors de l’inactivation de ces gènes dans un modèle de précurseurs neuronaux. Mes travaux de doctorat permettront donc d’améliorer le diagnostic moléculaire de la déficience intellectuelle associée à des mutations dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. Ils permettront également de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans ces troubles neurodéveloppementaux. Ces connaissances aideront à mieux prendre en charge les individus atteints et pourront permettre d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and first reason for genetic counseling. However, a number of variants remain classified as Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS) and contribute to the phenomenon of diagnostic wandering. In addition, ID is characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity and the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are generally poorly understood. My PhD consisted in developing experimental approaches to reclassify all VUS in the DYRK1A and PQBP1 genes. I also investigated the deregulated cellular mechanisms following the inactivation of these genes in a model of neuronal precursors. This work will therefore improve the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability associated with mutations in DYRK1A and PQBP1. Furthermore, it will also provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, these results will help to better manage affected individuals and may help identify new therapeutic targets

Caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux formes de Déficience Intellectuelle associées à des mutations dans DYRK1A et PQBP1

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and first reason for genetic counseling. However, a number of variants remain classified as Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS) and contribute to the phenomenon of diagnostic wandering. In addition, ID is characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity and the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are generally poorly understood. My PhD consisted in developing experimental approaches to reclassify all VUS in the DYRK1A and PQBP1 genes. I also investigated the deregulated cellular mechanisms following the inactivation of these genes in a model of neuronal precursors. This work will therefore improve the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability associated with mutations in DYRK1A and PQBP1. Furthermore, it will also provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, these results will help to better manage affected individuals and may help identify new therapeutic targets.La déficience intellectuelle (DI) est un trouble du neurodéveloppement et la première raison de consultation génétique. Cependant, un certain nombre de variants restent classés en tant que Variants de signification inconnue (VSI) et contribuent au phénomène d’errance diagnostique. De plus, la DI est caractérisée par une hétérogénéité génétique extrême et les mécanismes physiopathologiques associés sont généralement mal connues. Mon travail de doctorat a consisté à mettre au point des approches expérimentales permettant de reclasser l’ensemble des VSI dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. J’ai également investigué les mécanismes cellulaires dérégulés lors de l’inactivation de ces gènes dans un modèle de précurseurs neuronaux. Mes travaux de doctorat permettront donc d’améliorer le diagnostic moléculaire de la déficience intellectuelle associée à des mutations dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. Ils permettront également de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans ces troubles neurodéveloppementaux. Ces connaissances aideront à mieux prendre en charge les individus atteints et pourront permettre d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques

Caractérisation fonctionnelle de deux formes de Déficience Intellectuelle associées à des mutations dans DYRK1A et PQBP1

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and first reason for genetic counseling. However, a number of variants remain classified as Variants of Unknown Significance (VUS) and contribute to the phenomenon of diagnostic wandering. In addition, ID is characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity and the associated pathophysiological mechanisms are generally poorly understood. My PhD consisted in developing experimental approaches to reclassify all VUS in the DYRK1A and PQBP1 genes. I also investigated the deregulated cellular mechanisms following the inactivation of these genes in a model of neuronal precursors. This work will therefore improve the molecular diagnosis of intellectual disability associated with mutations in DYRK1A and PQBP1. Furthermore, it will also provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, these results will help to better manage affected individuals and may help identify new therapeutic targets.La déficience intellectuelle (DI) est un trouble du neurodéveloppement et la première raison de consultation génétique. Cependant, un certain nombre de variants restent classés en tant que Variants de signification inconnue (VSI) et contribuent au phénomène d’errance diagnostique. De plus, la DI est caractérisée par une hétérogénéité génétique extrême et les mécanismes physiopathologiques associés sont généralement mal connues. Mon travail de doctorat a consisté à mettre au point des approches expérimentales permettant de reclasser l’ensemble des VSI dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. J’ai également investigué les mécanismes cellulaires dérégulés lors de l’inactivation de ces gènes dans un modèle de précurseurs neuronaux. Mes travaux de doctorat permettront donc d’améliorer le diagnostic moléculaire de la déficience intellectuelle associée à des mutations dans les gènes DYRK1A et PQBP1. Ils permettront également de mieux comprendre les mécanismes physiopathologiques impliqués dans ces troubles neurodéveloppementaux. Ces connaissances aideront à mieux prendre en charge les individus atteints et pourront permettre d’identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques