Economic history : Intranational trade

How a century of legal precedent has shaped the government's power to regulate commerce between states.Trade

The price is right? : Has the financial crisis provided a fatal blow to the efficient market hypothesis?

Related link(s): http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2009/fall/feature_weblinks.cfmCapital market ; Financial crises ; Business cycles

Reforming the raters : can regulatory reforms adequately realign the incentives of credit rating agencies?

Related link(s): http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2009/spring/cover_weblinks.cfmCredit

Nobody's home : weighing the prospects for neighborhoods hit hard by foreclosure

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q1/feature3_weblinks.cfmHousing ; Foreclosure

Learning curves : the economics behind high school economic education

Related links : http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2009/winter/feature4_weblinks.cfmEducation - Economic aspects

Jargon alert : Leading indicators

Related links : http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q2/jargon_alert_weblinks.cfmEconomic indicators ; Forecasting

When did the recession end?

Although the National Bureau of Economic Research has not yet officially announced the end of the recession that started in December 2007, the data series commonly used to date recessions seem to preliminarily suggest that it ended in the middle of last year. However, certain areas of the economy, particularly employment and personal income, remain relatively sluggish.Business cycles ; Recessions

Random Permutation Statistics and An Improved Slide-Determine Attack on KeeLoq

KeeLoq is a lightweight block cipher which is extensively used in the automotive industry. Its periodic structure, and overall simplicity makes it vulnerable to many different attacks. Only certain attacks are considered as really "practical" attacks on KeeLoq: the brute force, and several other attacks which require up to 2p16 known plaintexts and are then much faster than brute force, developed by Courtois et al., and (faster attack) by Dunkelman et al. On the other hand, due to the unusually small block size, there are yet many other attacks on KeeLoq, which require the knowledge of as much as about 2p32 known plaintexts but are much faster still. There are many scenarios in which such attacks are of practical interest, for example if a master key can be recovered, see Section 2 in [11] for a detailed discussion. The fastest of these attacks is an attack by Courtois, Bard and Wagner from that has a very low complexity of about 2p28 KeeLoq encryptions on average. In this paper we will propose an improved and refined attack which is faster both on average and in the best case. We also present an exact mathematical analysis of probabilities that arise in these attacks using the methods of modern analytic combinatorics

Policy update : Fed launches round two of 'quantitative easing'

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q4/policy_update_weblinks.cfmFederal Reserve System ; Interest rates