Museo Ferdinando Strada. Hospital Nacional de Clínicas

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Effects of dietary lipids on cell proliferation of murine oral mucosa.

Background: The lack of certain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induces perturbation in cell proliferation, apoptosis and dedifferentiation that could be linked to an increased protumorigenic trend. Contrarily, n-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) arrest cell proliferation in several tumor models. According to the concept of field cancerization, multiple patches of abnormal epithelial proliferation may coexist in the vicinity of oropharyngeal neoplasms. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether certain dietary PUFAs differentially modulate the patterns of cell proliferation and apoptosis at non-tumoral sites of the oral mucosa in mice bearing DMBA induced salivary tumors. After weaning, BALB/c mice were assigned to four diets: Control (C), Corn Oil (CO), Fish (FO) and Olein (O). Two weeks later, DMBA was injected into the submandibular area. The animals were sacrificed between 94 and 184 days at 4–6 PM. Fixed samples of lip, tongue and palate were stained using H-E and a silver technique. A quantification of AgNORs in the basal (BS) and suprabasal stratum (SBS) of the covering squamous epithelia as well as of mitosis and apoptosis was performed. Results: Analysis of Variance showed greater proliferation in tongue than in palate or lip. According to the diet, a significant difference was found in the Fish Oil, in which palate exhibited fewer AgNOR particles than that of the control group, both for BS and SBS (p < 0.05 and 0.152, respectively), indicating a reduced cell proliferation. Conclusions: These results corroborate and reaffirm that the patterns of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of the oral stratified squamous epithelium may be differentially modulated by dietary lipids, and arrested by n-3 fatty acids, as shown in several other cell populations.publishedVersio

Correlation between the rheology of 2D-inks precursors and the droplet size generated from a capillary nozzle in dripping regime

This study provides a complete rheological characterization of 2D nanomaterial dispersions, employed as 2D-inks precursors in printed electronics. Three different 2D nanomaterials (molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)) were dispersed in a Newtonian fluid (toluene) and a viscoelastic fluid (toluene + ethyl cellulose) with different polymer concentrations. The presence of nanoparticles does not change the shear rheology of the carrier fluid. Regarding the extensional rheology, the results showed that the pinch-off phenomenon is present in all Toluene suspensions; however, the presence of the ethyl cellulose introduces elasticity in the system, even leading to the formation of beads-on-a-string, and the relaxation times of the suspensions depends on the kind of nanoparticles present in the fluid. As controlling the droplet size when dispensing 2D-inks is of paramount importance for printed electronics, as well as for many other applications, here it is presented a correlation between the rheological properties of these 2D-inks precursors and their droplet size when generated from a capillary nozzle in dripping regime

Proliferación y apoptosis en epitelio lingual de ratones con tumores salivales inducidos por Dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA) y modulados por lípidos dietarios

Introductiomi: Aecorcling to the concept of fielcl defeets during the careinogenesis process, cxcessive cpithelial proliferation/ apoptosis may exist iii arcas near tunlors. Proliferation or apoptosis cou Id be mnodified by dietary lipids. Purpose: The present stucly vas designed ro analyze proltferation and apoptosis in tongue epitheliurn of inice Ucd cliets bascd nn different lipicls followed Uy induction of salivary tumors with DMBA. Mateninls and Methods: Forty-five clays after weaning, ten BALB/c mice were assigned to two chets: coro oil (CO) and fish oil (eod liver, FO). \u27i\vo weeks later. DMBA vas injccteclin the submandibular area. Animals were sacrificed at the 13th post-in(ection weck. Sarnplcs of tongue were fixecl in formnalinethanol and irnmunohistocheinically stained for proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Bax). By light inicroseopv, the number of nuclei positive for theseniarkers were countcd out of three-hundred total interphase celis both in dorsal and in ventral tongue surfaces. Results were analyzed through Analysis ofVariance and t Test. Resu]ts: Cell proliferation vas greater in dorsal than in ventral tongue surfaces (p&lt;0.0001) with no diet difference. Apoptosis wassignificantly greater in mice fed FO than CO, particularly in tongue dorsal epithelia (p&lt;O.Ol 8). Conclusions: This study shows that FO diet induces higher leveis of apoptosis in tongue epithelia suggesting a tissue defensive mechanism when exposed to a carcinogenic-tumoral agentIntroducción: Según el concepto de cancerización de campo, existiría alteración en la proliferación epitelial en áreas cercanas a tumores. Dicha proliferaciónpodría ser modificarla por lípidos dietarios. Objetivos: Este estudio fue diseñado para analizar proliferación y apoptosis en epitelio lingual ele ratonesportadores de tumores salivales inducidos por DMBAy alimentados con dietas a base de diferentes lípidos. Materiales y Métodos: Cuarenta y cinco días&nbsp; posteriores al destete, diez ratones BALB/ e fueron asignados a dos nietas: maíz (M) y bacalao (B). Dos semanas después se inyectó DMBA en la zona submandibular.Los animales fueron sacrificados a la 13° semana post-inyección. Muestras de lengua fueron fijadas en formol-etanol y procesadas inrnunohistoquímicamente con marcadores tIc proliferación (Ki-67) y apoptosis (Bax). Mediante microscopia óptica, se efectuó un conteo de núcleospositivos a ambos marcadores en un total de trescientas células en interfase, tanto en cara dorsal como ventral de lengua. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante Análisis tic Varianza y Test t. Resultados: La proliferación celular fue mayor en cara dorsal que en ventral (p&lt;0.0001) sin diferencias por dieta. La apoptosis fue significativamente mayor en ratones alimentados con B que M, en particular en cara dorsal (p&lt;0.018). Conclusiones: Este estudio demuestra que la dieta E induce mayor apoptosis en el epitelio lingual, sugiriendo un mecanismo defensivo de los tejidos ante el agente cancerígeno-tumoral

Monosialoganglioside GM1 reduces toxicity of Ptx and increase anti-metastasic effect in a murine mammary cancer model

Having demonstrated the ability of monosialoganglioside GM1 micelles as oncology drug transporter, this work focuses on evaluating its application in an in vivo system, studying the toxicity and antitumoral effect of GM1-Ptx micellar formulation. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) obtained after intravenous administration of GM1-Ptx in mice was 55 mg/kg and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) was 70 mg/kg. This value is higher than those described for the commercial formulations TAXOL and ABRAXANE, with LD50 of 30 and 45 mg/kg respectively. The antitumor activity, mortality and incidence of metastasis were studied on a murine model of mammary gland cancer. The GM1-Ptx formulation was administered i.v. at different doses for 9 weeks using empty GM1 micelles and saline as treatment controls. Once the treatments were completed, biochemical markers were quantified and histological tissue tests were performed. The most promising results were obtained with the treatment at a dose of 15 mg/kg/twice a week, condition in which a longer survival and significant reduction in the incidence of animals with metastasis, since only one 25% of the mice showed presence of pulmonary micro metastases.Fil: Leonhard, Victoria. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alasino, Roxana Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Pasqualini, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Cremonezzi, David César. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Nestor Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Beltramo, Dante Miguel. Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica. Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Conhecimento de profissionais de Odontologia sobre violência doméstica

Introdução e objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas graduados entre os anos 1998 e 2009 pela Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (Forp-USP) ante o tema violência doméstica contra crianças, mulheres e idosos. Material e métodos: Foram aplicados questionários objetivos a 180 sujeitos da pesquisa com posterior análise estatística dos dados. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados nunca atendeu algum paciente vítima de violência doméstica ou suspeitou de alguém e não se sente apta a fazer diagnóstico de maus-tratos. Em contrapartida, 45% denunciariam maus-tratos contra criança às autoridades competentes e nos casos de violência contra mulher e idoso, nesta ordem, 69% e 40% conversariam com a vítima. Os desvios entre as respostas obtidas nos diferentes anos de conclusão do curso não foram estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: Apesar dos avanços observados nessa área do ensino de graduação, o cirurgião-dentista ainda necessita desenvolver competências e habilidades no que se refere ao tema violência doméstica, tanto no diagnóstico quanto nas condutas a serem seguidas

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Abstract:&nbsp; Introduction: Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a neuroendocrine neoplasm first described by Toker in 1972. Pathogenesis is not clear; but ultraviolet radiation, immunosuppression, and the presence of polymavirus (MCPyV) in the tumor genome seems to influence its development, it usually occurs in people over 60 years of age, preferably in the extremities and head and neck area. Clinically it looks like a single protruding lump with a hard consistency, very similar to other skin tumors. It is often accompanied by regional lymphadenopathy. Overall survival of stage I patients is 80%. On the contrary once distant metastases have developed, it is only of five months. The objective of this presentation is to report a rare case of skin neoplasia with a very poor prognosis, its diagnostic approach, differential diagnoses and its viral etiology. Presentation of the case: 55-year-old woman who consults for a tumor lesion in her elbow. Biopsy was decided: a 6 x 5cm skin lozenge that, on the surface, presented a raised, brown and ulcerated tumor lesion. When cut it had a whitish gray color, firm consistency and a maximum thickness of 4,5 cm. Sample was processed with the usual technique for staining with hematoxylin/eosin. Histologically, a proliferation of invasive neoplasic cells of neuroendocrine lineage was observed, arranged in large nests separated by desmoplasic stroma. It presented small, round and blue cells, with little and poorly defined cytoplasm and nuclei with finely granular “salt and pepper” chromatin. Mitosis count was high and extensive areas of necrosis were observed. The tumor compromised the entire thickness of the sample, contacting the surgical margin. This study is complemented with immunohistochemistry: CK 20 +, AE1/AE3 +, synaptophysin +, INSIM.1 +, polyoma virus +. Conclusion: the MCC constitutes the skin neoplasm with the worst prognosis. Our case was related to viral etiology confirmed by immunohistochemistry. It is necessary to distinguish it from cutaneous lymphomas, which have a better prognosis. Therefore, its rapid diagnosis with immunohistochemical confirmation is essential for timely treatment.Resumen:&nbsp; Introducción:&nbsp;El carcinoma de células de Merkel (CCM) es una neoplasia neuroendocrina descripta por primera vez por Toker en1972. La patogénesis no está clara, pero la radiación ultravioleta, la inmunosupresión y la presencia del poliomavirus (MCPyV) en el genoma del tumor parecen influir en su desarrollo. Se presenta habitualmente en mayores de 60 años preferentemente en extremidades y región de cabeza y cuello. Clínicamente se ve como una tumoración única, protruyente de consistencia dura, muy similar a otros tumores cutáneos. Suele acompañarse de linfadenopatías regionales. La supervivencia global de los pacientes en estadio I es del 80%. Por el contrario, una vez que se han desarrollado metástasis a distancia, es de sólo cinco meses. El objetivo de esta presentación es comunicar un caso infrecuente de neoplasia de piel de muy mal pronóstico, su abordaje diagnóstico, los diagnósticos diferenciales y su etiología viral. Presentación del caso: mujer de 55a que consultó por una lesión tumoral en el codo. Se decidió realizar biopsia: losange de piel de 6 x 5 cm que, en superficie, presentó una lesión tumoral sobreelevada, de color pardo y ulcerada. Al corte tuvo colorido blanquecino-grisáceo, consistencia firme y un espesor máximo de 4,5 cm. El material se procesó con técnica habitual para coloración con hematoxilina/eosina. Histológicamente se observó una proliferación de células neoplásicas invasoras de estirpe neuroendocrina, dispuestas en grandes nidos separados por estroma desmoplásico. Presentó células pequeñas, redondas y azules, con escaso citoplasma mal definido y núcleos con cromatina finamente granular “en sal y pimienta”. El conteo de mitosis fue alto y se observaron extensas áreas de necrosis. El tumor comprometió todo el espesor de la muestra, contactando con el margen quirúrgico. El estudio se complementó con inmunohistoquímica: CK 20 +, AE1/AE3 +, Sinaptofisina +, INSM1 +, polioma virus +. Conclusión: El CCM, constituye la neoplasia de piel de peor pronóstico. Nuestro caso se relacionó con etiología viral confirmado por inmunihistoquímica. Es necesario distinguirlo de linfomas cutáneos, que poseen mejor pronóstico. Por lo tanto su rápido diagnóstico histológico con confirmación inmunohistoquímica es indispensable para un tratamiento oportuno.

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Abstract:&nbsp; Introduction: The term cutaneous horn refers to a cone-shaped structure consisting of keratin, which, unlike animal horns, lacks a bony core. They appear more frequently on the face, ears, and the back of the hands, in elderly people with keratin-producing injuries. These can be benign, premalignant or malignant. We present this case because of its infrequent location, its extreme length, and its long evolution. Furthermore, although the clinical features are especially notorious, what is significant in these injuries is that they may be a malignancy macroscopic manifestation. Case Presentation: An 88-year-old woman arrived with a long-standing injury on her back. Surgery was performed and the cutaneous horn was removed. Macroscopy: We received a cutaneous horn of keratinous appearance measuring 30 cm and a maximum diameter of 5 cm, with a 1-cm-thick skin lozenge measuring 4 cm in diameter. Sections of the skin injury were cut and processed with the common hematoxylin/eosin staining technique. Histologically, the baseline skin injury was a verrucous carcinoma shaped by solid nests and cords, with the formation of keratin pearls and marked hyperkeratosis. Nuclear grade and mitotic count were low. The surrounding stroma was desmoplastic with mild, diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, and no lymphatic or hematic vascular infiltration was observed. Neoplasm invaded deep into the lower third of the reticular dermis. Surgical margins were free. Conclusion: This type of injury, no matter how harmless it may seem, must be removed with a wide margin of healthy tissue, since in many instances the underlying process that causes the hyperkeratosis is of neoplastic nature, as in this case. It should only be referred to as a cutaneous horn when the underlying injury is epidermal hyperplasia. On the other hand, we have not found bibliography with a cutaneous horn of these dimensions, resembling an animal horn.Resumen:&nbsp; Introducción: el término cuerno cutáneo se refiere a una estructura en forma de cono constituida por queratina, que a diferencia de los cuernos de animales, carece de core óseo. Aparecen con más frecuencia en rostro, orejas y dorso de manos, en ancianos que presentan lesiones con producción de queratina. Estas pueden ser benignas, premalignas o malignas. Presentamos el caso debido a su infrecuente localización, a su extrema longitud y a su larga evolución. Además, si bien lo que llama la atención es la presentación clínica, lo importante en estas lesiones es que pueden ser la expresión macroscópica de un proceso maligno. Presentación del caso: mujer de 88 años que concurre a la consulta por una lesión localizada en el dorso de mucho tiempo de evolución. Se decide intervención quirúrgica y se extraen un cuerno cutáneo. Macroscopia: recibimos un cuerno cutáneo de aspecto queratinoso que mide 30 cm de longitud&nbsp; y 5 cm de diámetro; &nbsp;y un losange de piel de 1 cm de espesor y 4 cm de diámetro. Se realizaron cortes de la lesión de piel y se procesaron con la técnica habitual para coloración con hematoxilina/eosina. Histológicamente la lesión de base en la piel fue un carcinoma verrugoso conformado por nidos sólidos y cordones, con formación de perlas córneas y marcada hiperqueratosis. El grado nuclear y recuento mitótico fueron bajos. El estroma adyacente fue desmoplásico con moderada infiltrado inflamatorio difuso; no se observó permeación vascular linfática o hemática. La neoplasia invadió en profundidad hasta el tercio inferior de la dermis reticular. Los márgenes quirúrgicos estaban libres de lesión. Conclusión: Este tipo de lesiones, por más inofensivas que parezcan, deben resecarse y con buen margen de tejido sano, ya que en numerosas oportunidades el proceso subyacente que origina la hiperqueratosis es de naturaleza neoplásica como en este caso. Sólo debe denominarse cuerno cutáneo cuando la lesión de origen es una hiperplasia epidérmica. Por otra parte, no hemos hallado en la bibliografía un cuerno cutáneo de estas dimensiones muy similar, a cuernos de animales.

Reflexões sobre o papel dos fundos de investimentos de impacto no desenvolvimento de negócios sociais: um estudo de caso

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o papel dos Fundos de Investimento de Impacto no Brasil, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratório. Pretende-se discutir o funcionamento dos fundos de investimento de impacto no contexto dos Negócios Sociais (NS). Dentro deste universo, partiu-se do seguinte questionamento: “Qual a importância dos fundos de investimento de impacto para potencializar os negócios sociais no Brasil?” Para esta investigação utilizou-se como estudo de caso a relação do fundo de investimento Vox Capital e o negócio social CDI Lan. Realizou-se análise com base nas contribuições existentes na literatura a respeito dos elementos importantes para o desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo social, as diferentes visões para compreensão dos negócios sociais e seu papel na transformação social da realidade. Com isso verificou-se que a relação entre investidores e negócios exige maturidade e respeito de ambas as partes e que os fundos de investimentos de impacto tem muito a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de modelos de negócios, redes de relacionamento e credibilidade no setor dos NS. No entanto, foi possível perceber que ainda existe uma grande lacuna entre a lógica do mercado tradicional de investimento e a proposta de trabalho dos NS, sendo necessário desenvolver aprendizado no setor e promover a cultura de investimento de impacto no Brasil

Acción de la terapia láser sobre la actividad enzimática mitocondrial en un modelo de miopatía experimental.

Las hipótesis sobre el mecanismo de acción del láser de baja intensidad (LLLT: Low Level Laser Teraphy), Helio-Neón (He-Ne) y Arseniuro de Galio (As.Ga), se centran en la mitocondria. Se evaluó el efecto de LLLT en miopatía experimental, valorando la actividad de: citrato sintasa (CI) y los complejos I-IV de la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial (CRM). Se utilizaron 70 ratashembras, cepa Wistar, distribuidas en 7 grupos: A) control, B) injuriado y sacrificado a las 24 hs., C) injuriado y sacrificado a los 10 días, D) injuriado + láser de He-Ne, E) injuriado + láser de As.Ga, F) láser de He-Ne y G) láser de As.Ga. La miopatía se indujo con carragenina, inyectada en un miembro posterior. Las variables fueron determinadas por espectrofotometría. LLLT se realizó durante 10 días consecutivos (9,5 J/cm2).El análisis estadístico se realizó aplicando ANOVA-test de Fisher (p&lt;0.05). El láser de He.Ne por si solo aumentó significativamente (p &lt; 0.05) la actividad de CI y disminuyó la actividad del complejo IV de la CRM (p &lt; 0.05). El láser por si solo aumentó la actividad de CI y disminuyó los complejos II (p&lt;0.001) y IV (0.05). LLLT en miopatía inflamatoria tuvo efecto normo-regulador de la actividad enzimática mitocondrial.Action of laser therapy on mitochondrial enzyme activity in amodel of experimental myopathy.AbstractHypotheses about the mechanism of action of low level laser (LLLT: Low Level Laser therapy), Helium-Neon (He-Ne) and gallium arsenide (As.Ga) focus in the mitochondria. The effect of LLLT in experimental myopathy, evaluating the activity: citrate synthase (CI) and complex I-IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (CRM). We used 70 female rats, Wistar strain, divided into 7 groups: A) control, B) injured and sacrificed at 24 hours, C) injured and sacrificed at 10 days, D) injured + He-Ne laser, E) As. Ga injured + laser, F) He-Ne laser and G) laser As.Ga. Myopathy was induced by carrageenan injected into the left hind foot. The variables were determined by spectrophotometry. LLLT was performed for 10 consecutive days (9.5 J/cm2).Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA-Fisher test (p &lt;0.05). He.Ne laser alone was significantly increased (p &lt;0.05) CI activity and decreased activity of complex IV of the MCA (p &lt;0.05). The laser alone increased CI and decreased activity ofcomplex II (p &lt;0.001) and IV (0.05). LLLT was effective in inflammatory myopathy normal-regulating mitochondrial enzyme activityKey words: Myopathy; Helium Neon laser; Gallium Arsenide laser; Mitochondrial respiratory chai