« Malcastrée » et « médiquée » : Emma Santos, entre folie et dépression

Très peu connue, l’écrivaine Emma Santos (de son vrai nom Marie-Anne Le Rozick) a publié huit livres entre 1971 et 1978. Dans ses textes, elle raconte ses dix années de dépression passées entre l’hôpital psychiatrique et la solitude de la ville. Elle évoque son attachement, depuis l’enfance, à la mort et au négatif ; elle y parle des douleurs de son corps, blessé depuis un terrible accident de voiture, et enfin, y confie son désespoir lié à une rupture amoureuse et aux avortements répétés qu’elle a dû subir. Paradoxalement, ses textes sont aussi l’affirmation de l’écriture comme résistance à l’emprise des médicaments, ceux que les médecins et psychiatres la forcent à prendre, et comme acte de survivance ; l’écriture semble donc ici faire tenir le sujet à la limite du négatif.Still little-known, Emma Santos (whose real name was Marie-Anne Le Rozick) published eight books between 1971 and 1978. In her texts, she recounts her ten-year depression during which she spent her time either at the psychiatric hospital or alone in the city. She mentions her life-long attachment to death and to the negative ; she tells about the pain her body regularly feels because of a car accident, and finally, entrusts her desperation linked to a violent breaking-off and to repeated abortions she was forced to undergo. Paradoxically, her texts are also a claim for writing to be a resistance against the influence of psychoactive drugs that she is constantly prescribed, and an act of survival ; writing would therefore be a way for the subject to hold at the limit of the negative

Comparing subjective and objective evaluation of show jumping competition and warm-up arena surfaces

The development of safety and quality standards for equestrian surfaces needs to be based on objective, repeatable measurements which allow comparisons between surfaces. These measurements should incorporate the assessment of surface performance by riders. This study provides data from objective and subjective assessment of functional properties of high-level show jumping competition and warm-up arenas. Twenty-five arenas in nine international show jumping events were evaluated by mechanical insitu testing with a surface tester, rider assessments using visual analogue scales (198 riders provided 749 arena evaluations), descriptions of arena constructions and by laboratory tests of surface material. Mixed models were used to present subjective evaluation of rider perception of the functional properties for each arena while controlling for rider and event. The association between objective and subjective assessments were also explored creating mixed models, controlling for rider and event. Mechanical measurements of impact firmness, and to a lesser extent cushioning and grip, had a significant positive association with the riders’ perception. Responsiveness as assessed by the Orono biomechanical surface tester (OBST) was negatively associated with the riders’ perceptions, which suggests riders and the OBST had different concepts of this functional property and that further developments of the OBST might be necessary. Objectively measured uniformity showed no useful association with riders’ perception. Even though arena assessments were made by top level riders, a substantial inter-rider variation was demonstrated

Le portfolio d'apprentissage numérique : un outil intégrateur au service du développement de compétences dans le programme Techniques juridiques /

Essai présenté à la Faculté d'éducation en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en enseignement (M.Éd.) Maîtrise en enseignement au collégialM.Éd. Université de Sherbrooke 2015Comprend des références bibliographique

Far ultraviolet response of silicon P-N JUNCTION photodiodes

Silicon P-N junction photodiode resistivity in vacuum ultraviole

True stress and Poisson's ratio of tendons during loading.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tExcessive axial tension is very likely involved in the aetiology of tendon lesions, and the most appropriate indicator of tendon stress state is the true stress, the ratio of instantaneous load to instantaneous cross-sectional area (CSA). Difficulties to measure tendon CSA during tension often led to approximate true stress by assuming that CSA is constant during loading (i.e. by the engineering stress) or that tendon is incompressible, implying a Poisson's ratio of 0.5, although these hypotheses have never been tested. The objective of this study was to measure tendon CSA variation during quasi-static tensile loading, in order to assess the true stress to which the tendon is subjected and its Poisson's ratio. Eight equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT, about 30cm long) were tested in tension until failure while the CSA of each tendon was measured in its metacarpal part by means of a linear laser scanner. Axial elongation and load were synchronously recorded during the test. CSA was found to linearly decrease with strain, with a mean decrease at failure of -10.7±2.8% (mean±standard deviation). True stress at failure was 7.1-13.6% higher than engineering stress, while stress estimation under the hypothesis of incompressibility differed from true stress of -6.6 to 2.3%. Average Poisson's ratio was 0.55±0.12 and did not significantly vary with load. From these results on equine SDFT it was demonstrated that tendon in axial quasi-static tension can be considered, at first approximation, as an incompressible material.Direction Générale de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche (French Ministry of Agriculture)Région Basse-NormandieInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomiqu

Vocal Registers Transitions Phenomena in trills used in Mongolian Long Song productions

Résumés longs et références publiés dans les actes du congrès.International audienceThis paper presents the results of a fiberoptical and acoustical analysis of "Mongolian Long song". Our goal is to quantify the vocal registers transition phenomena during the trills that occur during these Mongolian Long Song productions. The study includes: 1) videofiberoptic laryngeal data of the 61 ornaments of a song produced by a famous Mongolian singer, Narantuya, with quantitative analysis (distance between the left and right arytenoids); 2) an acoustical analysis of the fundamental frequency F0 and intensity I curves of the ornaments. The fiberoptic analysis showed two main laryngeal behaviour in producing ornamentations, with a leitmotiv: 1) "lyrical" vibratos mobilizing the entire laryngeal block; 2) "Mongolian" trills with essentially supraglottic movements, the left arytenoid being mobilized independently of the rest of the laryngeal block. The acoustic analysis showed: 1) for the "lyrical" vibrato: F0 and I were in-phase, with a moderate extent ; 2) for the "Mongolian" trill: F0 and I were in opposite phase, with an important extent. Although we didn't have electroglottographic recordings to verify this, the acoustical indications of changes of laryngeal vibratory mechanisms are 1) frequency jump values situated between 2 and 7 semitones; 2) the time separating the two frequency jumps between 40 and 80ms; 3) according to Neumann et al. 2005, the amplitudes of H2 and H4 are smaller than those of H1 et H3 for the head register part in "a" trills; it's the opposite case for the chest register part in those ornaments.Cette étude présente les résultats d'une analyse vidéostroboscopique et acoustique du "Chant Long Mongol". Notre but est de quantifier les passages registraux durant les trilles qui se produisent dans cette technique vocale. Cette étude inclut: 1) des données vidéostroboscopiques du larynx de 61 ornement d'un chant produit par une chanteuse mongole célèbre, Narantuya, avec une analyse quantitative (distance entre les aryténoïdes droit et gauche); 2) une analyse acoustique des courbes de fréquence fondamentale FO et d'intensité I des ornements. L'analyse en vidéostroboscopie montre deux principaux comportements laryngés dans la production des ornementations, avec des données reproductibles: 1) les vibrati "lyriques" mobilisant le bloc laryngé entier; 2) les trilles "mongols" avec des mouvements essentiellement supraglottiques, l'aryténoïde gauche étant mobilisé indépendamment du reste du bloc laryngé. L'analyse acoustique a montré: 1) pour les vibrati "lyriques": une F0 et une I en phase, avec une étendue des modulations modérées; 2) pour le trille "mongol": F0 et I étaient en opposition de phase, avec une étendue importante. Bien que ne disposant pas d'enregistrements électroglottographiques pour vérifier cela, les indications acoustiques de changement de mécanismes vibratoires laryngés sont: 1) des valeurs de sauts de fréquence situés entre 2 et 7 demi-tons; 2) le temps séparant les deux sauts de fréquence est situé entre 40 et 80 ms; 3) en accord avec les résultats de Neuman et al. 2005, les amplitudes de H2 et H4 sont plus basses que celles de H1 et H3 pour les trilles produits en mécanisme 2 sur la voyelle "a"; c'est le cas inverse pour le mécanisme 1 dans ces ornements

Axial speed of sound for the monitoring of injured equine tendons: a preliminary study.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tEquine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) are often injured, and they represent an excellent model for human sport tendinopathies. While lesions can be precisely diagnosed by clinical evaluation and ultrasonography, a prognosis is often difficult to establish; the knowledge of the injured tendon's mechanical properties would help in anticipating the outcome. The objectives of the present study were to compare the axial speed of sound (SOS) measured in vivo in normal and injured tendons and to investigate their relationship with the tendons' mechanical parameters, in order to assess the potential of quantitative axial ultrasound to monitor the healing of the injured tendons. SOS was measured in vivo in the right fore SDFTs of 12 horses during walk, before and 3.5 months after the surgical induction of a bilateral core lesion. The 12 horses were then euthanized, their SDFTs isolated and tested in tension to measure their elastic modulus and maximal load (and corresponding stress). SOS significantly decreased from 2179.4 ± 31.4 m/s in normal tendons to 2065.8 ± 67.1 m/s 3.5 months after the surgical induction, and the tendons' elastic modulus (0.90 ± 0.17 GPa) was found lower than what has been reported in normal tendons. While SOS was not correlated to tendon maximal load and corresponding stress, the SOS normalized on its value in normal tendons was correlated to the tendons' elastic modulus. These preliminary results confirm the potential of axial SOS in helping the functional assessment of injured tendon.Direction Générale de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche (French Ministry of Agriculture)Région Basse-NormandieInstitut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueAgence Nationale de la Recherch

Modelling the impacts of ammonia emissions reductions on North American air quality

A unified regional air-quality modelling system (AURAMS) was used to investigate the effects of reductions in ammonia emissions on regional air quality, with a focus on particulate-matter formation. Three simulations of one-year duration were performed for a North American domain: (1) a base-case simulation using 2002 Canadian and US national emissions inventories augmented by a more detailed Canadian emissions inventory for agricultural ammonia; (2) a 30% North-American-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions; and (3) a 50% reduction in Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions. The simulations show that a 30% continent-wide reduction in agricultural ammonia emissions lead to reductions in median hourly PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass of <1 μg m<sup>−3</sup> on an annual basis. The atmospheric response to these emission reductions displays marked seasonal variations, and on even shorter time scales, the impacts of the emissions reductions are highly episodic: 95th-percentile hourly PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass decreases can be up to a factor of six larger than the median values. <br><br> A key finding of the modelling work is the linkage between gas and aqueous chemistry and transport; reductions in ammonia emissions affect gaseous ammonia concentrations close to the emissions site, but substantial impacts on particulate matter and atmospheric deposition often occur at considerable distances downwind, with particle nitrate being the main vector of ammonia/um transport. Ammonia emissions reductions therefore have trans-boundary consequences downwind. Calculations of critical-load exceedances for sensitive ecosystems in Canada suggest that ammonia emission reductions will have a minimal impact on current ecosystem acidification within Canada, but may have a substantial impact on future ecosystem acidification. The 50% Canadian beef-cattle ammonia emissions reduction scenario was used to examine model sensitivity to uncertainties in the new Canadian agricultural ammonia emissions inventory, and the simulation results suggest that further work is needed to improve the emissions inventory for this particular sector. It should be noted that the model in its current form neglects coarse mode base cation chemistry, so the predicted effects of ammonia emissions reductions shown here should be considered upper limits