Training to enhance sensitivity to nonverbal behavior

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of role-playing as training for increasing the nonverbal sensitivity of counselors in training. The Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (RSMS) was used to measure the subjects\u27 sensitivity to nonverbal expressive behavior and their ability to modify self presentation. Role-playing activities, designed to enhance participant\u27s sensitivity to nonverbal cues, were conducted with the experimental group. A control group participated in a counseling class without special emphasis on nonverbal sensitivity. Both groups received the RSMS as a pre and post test. Two scores were obtained on the RSMS: ability to modify self presentation and sensitivity to expressive behavior. No significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group for scores on the ability to modify self presentation. The experimental group did, however, have significantly improved scores on their sensitivity to expressive behavior. Results contribute to the literature about how to increase the sensitivity of counselors in training to the nonverbal cues of those they counsel

Empty nest, cohort, and employment in the well-being of midlife women

Whether the empty-nest experience has positive or negative consequences for women's well-being at midlife may depend on their historical cohort membership and employment status. In this study, it was posited that the empty nest was likely to be a negative experience among the particular cohort of women (Cohort II) who reached adulthood during the period of strong societal emphasis on women's maternal role known as the feminine mystique, would be experienced positively among the earlier cohort (Cohort I) who as young adults were encouraged to enter the labor force during World War II. Analyses of covariance tested the relationships among empty-nest status, cohort membership, and employment status, and three measures of psychological well-being, adjusted for age, education, and marital status. The results of this study show that cohort and employment each have important independent associations with women's well-being at midlife, but that the experience of the empty nest depends on these two factors, especially cohort experiences.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45589/1/11199_2004_Article_BF00287990.pd

The utility of the Holland model with the Five -Factor Model to guide the undecided student toward academic major selection

Career study has been struggling with the conceptualization and implementation of career counseling tools for almost 100 years (Parmer & Rush, 2003). During that period of time, the practice of career advisal experienced many changes and many theories were tested to find the most effective counseling models. Today, the need for deciding the future of a person\u27s career path is still the focus of career counseling (Cochran, 1994). This study serves to facilitate the growth of traditional career process into the direction most relevant to current career concerns. The study illustrates that the present use of the Holland model, manifested in the use of the Self Directed Search, is not sufficient, and that the inclusion of the Five Factor Model of Personality, measured by the NEO PI-R, only marginally facilitates the traditional approach in some areas and is less effective in others. In the long term, the results indicate that the present assessments do not provide the clear choice prediction that career counselors seek when facilitating client decision. Point in fact, neither assessment approach provides a clear advantage across the Holland environmental fields and more significantly, the Social career seekers would not benefit from the present assessments. Further assessment refinement and development is needed

The relationship between conflict behavior and marital happiness: Conflict beliefs as moderators.

A study of 373 newlywed couples (199 black couples, 174 white couples) examined the relationships among individuals' conflict beliefs, conflict behaviors, and marital happiness. It was hypothesized that beliefs about whether disagreements are solvable, whether conflicts should be avoided, and whether disagreements in marriage are healthy would moderate the relationships between avoiding and attacking behaviors and marital happiness. More specifically, it was hypothesized that a discrepancy between belief and behavior would be negatively related to marital happiness. Thus, it was predicted that avoidance behaviors would be more negatively related to happiness for individuals who believe that disagreements are solvable and healthy and that conflicts should not be avoided, and that attacking behaviors would be more negatively related to happiness for individuals who feel otherwise. It was also expected that agreement between spouses on conflict beliefs would be positively related to marital well-being. The data analyzed for the study came from two parts of an in-depth interview on the adaptation to marriage: (1) self-report responses on conflict beliefs, behaviors, and marital happiness, and , (2) actual behaviors collected during a task where respondents were asked to come to an agreement on the rules that they use to guide the way they get along. In general, conflict beliefs did moderate the relationships between moderately attacking behaviors and marital happiness as predicted, but more severely attacking behaviors were not moderated by individual's beliefs in the expected ways. Moreover, constructive engagement was found to be more positively related to happiness for those men who view conflicts more negatively. Finally, patterns of beliefs held by both spouses were related to marital happiness. Results are discussed in light of previous work which has demonstrated that spouses' thoughts and feelings about conflict need to be examined in order to delineate the conditions under which attacking, avoiding, and constructive behaviors are differentially associated with marital happiness. Shortcomings of the research are discussed, and suggestions for future work are highlighted.Ph.D.Social psychologyIndividual and family studiesUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162032/1/8907018.pd

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trends of Complicated Sinusitis in Western Australia

The possible association between COVID-19 and the development of complicated sinusitis in paediatric populations was noted during the COVID-19 pandemic, but understanding of this disease process is still developing. In Perth, Western Australia, a distinctive state of isolation, vaccination status and thorough screening methodology led to a unique experience of the pandemic. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 129 patients admitted to Perth Children’s Hospital from May 2018 to September 2024. Disease factors were studied, including clinical severity, procedure, COVID status, length of stay and inflammatory markers. A surge in patients was noted during the COVID-19 pandemic, with at least 16 having a concurrent diagnosis of COVID-19 at the time of admission. The study demonstrates that whilst COVID-19 infection was associated with the development of complicated sinusitis, it was not associated with increased severity of disease or an increased likelihood of requiring surgical management. A unique subset of patients emerged with unusual presentations, possibly representing a new disease process of suppurative dacryoadenitis