The more the micropapillary pattern in stage I lung adenocarcinoma, the worse the prognosis: a retrospective study on digitalized slides

Although the majority of lung adenocarcinomas show mixed pattern, only the predominant component is taken into account according to the novel classification. We evaluated the proportion of different patterns and their impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Patterns were recorded according to predominance and their proportions were rated and calculated by objective area measuring on digitalized, annotated slides of resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Spearman’s rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier models and the log rank test were used for statistical evaluation. Two hundred forty-three stage I adenocarcinoma were included. Lepidic pattern is more frequent in tumours without recurrence (20 vs. 8%), and lepidic predominant tumours have favourable prognosis (OS 90.5%, DFS 89.4%), but proportions above 25% are not associated with improving outcome. Solid and micropapillary patterns are more frequent in patients with recurrence (48 vs. 5% and 13 vs. 4%) and predominance of each one is associated with unfavourable prognosis (OS 64.1%, DFS 56.3% and OS 28.1%, DFS 28.1%, respectively). Above 25%, a growing proportion of solid or micropapillary pattern is not associated with worsening prognosis. In contrast, tumours having micropapillary pattern as secondly predominant form a different intermediate group (OS 51.1%, DFS 57.8%). Our study was based on measured area of each growth pattern on all available slides digitalized. This is the most precise way of determining the size of each component from the material available. We propose using predominant and secondly predominant patterns for prognostic purposes, particularly in tumours having solid or micropapillary patterns. © 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Natur

Magyar Tanítóképző 57 (1944) 11

Magyar Tanítóképző A Tanítóképző-intézeti Tanárok Országos Egyesületének folyóirata 57. évfolyam, 11. szám Budapest, 1944. novembe

Magyar Tanítóképző 30 (1915) 07

Magyar Tanítóképző A Tanítóképző-intézeti Tanárok Országos Egyesületének közlönye 30. évfolyam, Hetedik füzet Budapest, 1915. szeptember h

Magyar Tanítóképző 30 (1915) 04

Magyar Tanítóképző A Tanítóképző-intézeti Tanárok Országos Egyesületének közlönye 30. évfolyam, Negyedik füzet Budapest, 1915. április h

The earth is flat (p < 0.05): significance thresholds and the crisis of unreplicable research

The widespread use of ‘statistical significance’ as a license for making a claim of a scientific finding leads to considerable distortion of the scientific process (according to the American Statistical Association). We review why degrading p -values into ‘significant’ and ‘nonsignificant’ contributes to making studies irreproducible, or to making them seem irreproducible. A major problem is that we tend to take small p -values at face value, but mistrust results with larger p -values. In either case, p -values tell little about reliability of research, because they are hardly replicable even if an alternative hypothesis is true. Also significance ( p ≤ 0.05) is hardly replicable: at a good statistical power of 80%, two studies will be ‘conflicting’, meaning that one is significant and the other is not, in one third of the cases if there is a true effect. A replication can therefore not be interpreted as having failed only because it is nonsignificant. Many apparent replication failures may thus reflect faulty judgment based on significance thresholds rather than a crisis of unreplicable research. Reliable conclusions on replicability and practical importance of a finding can only be drawn using cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. However, applying significance thresholds makes cumulative knowledge unreliable. One reason is that with anything but ideal statistical power, significant effect sizes will be biased upwards. Interpreting inflated significant results while ignoring nonsignificant results will thus lead to wrong conclusions. But current incentives to hunt for significance lead to selective reporting and to publication bias against nonsignificant findings. Data dredging, p -hacking, and publication bias should be addressed by removing fixed significance thresholds. Consistent with the recommendations of the late Ronald Fisher, p -values should be interpreted as graded measures of the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. Also larger p -values offer some evidence against the null hypothesis, and they cannot be interpreted as supporting the null hypothesis, falsely concluding that ‘there is no effect’. Information on possible true effect sizes that are compatible with the data must be obtained from the point estimate, e.g., from a sample average, and from the interval estimate, such as a confidence interval. We review how confusion about interpretation of larger p -values can be traced back to historical disputes among the founders of modern statistics. We further discuss potential arguments against removing significance thresholds, for example that decision rules should rather be more stringent, that sample sizes could decrease, or that p -values should better be completely abandoned. We conclude that whatever method of statistical inference we use, dichotomous threshold thinking must give way to non-automated informed judgment

A műtétileg kezelt tüdőrák klinikopatológiai jellemzőinek változása az ezredfordulónkon = Changes in the clinicopathological features of surgically treated lung cancer around the millennium

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A tüdőrák Európában és hazánkban is a leggyakoribb rosszindulatú daganat, 2010-ben hazánkban 10 557 új megbetegedést regisztráltak. Ezen betegek 80–85%-a dohányos. Célkitűzés: Munkánk során az elmúlt 15 év adatait retrospektíven elemezve vizsgáltuk a műtéten átesett tüdőrákos betegek adatait. Módszer: Retrospektíven vizsgáltuk a demográfiai jellemzők mellett a tüdőrák szövettani típusát, stádiumát, az alkalmazott műtéti típust, az egyéb kiegészítő kezelést és a túlélést. Eredmények: Jelentős változásokat észleltünk a tüdőrák klinikopatológiai jellemzőiben: a megbetegedés a nőknél 50%-kal gyakoribbá vált, ami elsősorban az adenocarcinomák előretörésének tudható be. Az egyre javuló diagnosztikai módszereknek köszönhetően az utóbbi időben a korai (I/A stádiumú) tüdőrákos esetek száma megduplázódott, valamint pontosabbá vált a preoperatív stádiumbeosztás és állapotfelmérés. Bevezetésre került a neoadjuváns kezelés, növekedett a sublobaris reszekciók aránya, a pulmonectomiák és a sleeve reszekciók aránya azonossá vált, így a korábban funkcionális okokból műtétre nem kerülő betegek is operálhatóvá váltak, valamint az adjuváns kezelés tolerálhatósága is javult. A videotorakoszkópos lobectomia mindennapi rutinná vált, csökkentve a betegek műtéti megterhelését. Következtetés: Mindezen, a diagnosztikában és a terápiában elért fejlődés ellenére az emelkedő esetszám mellett az ötéves túlélés nem javult számottevően, továbbra is 50% körül van. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(10): 391–396. | Abstract: Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Europe and Hungary. In 2010, 10 557 new cases were registered in Hungary; 80–85% of these cases were associated with smoking. Aim: In our work we analyzed the data of lung cancer patients of the last 15 years retrospectively. Method: We examined the demographic characteristics, the histological type, the stage of the lung cancer, the type of the surgical procedure used, other supplemental treatment and survival retrospectively. Results: Lung cancer has occurred 50 per cent more often among females in the last decade. This growth is due to the increase of adenocarcinoma cases. Thanks to the improving diagnostic modalities and the routine follow-up of oncological patients, the number of I/A cases has been doubled recently and the preoperative staging and physical condition check-up have become more accurate. Neoadjuvant treatment has been introduced, the proportion of sublobar resections has risen, the ratio of pneumonectomy and sleeve lobectomy has become equal, so many previously unresectable cases turned to be resectable and the tolerance of adjuvant therapy has also improved. Videothoracoscopic lobectomy has become an everyday practice, leading to a decrease in the operative stress on patients. Conclusion: In spite of this development, the five-year survival has not changed significantly, staying around 50%. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(10): 391–396

Magyar Tanítóképző 26 (1911) 10

Magyar Tanítóképző A Tanítóképző-intézeti Tanárok Országos Egyesületének közlönye 26. évfolyam, Tizedik füzet Budapest, 1911. december hó Magyar Tanítóképz

Magyar Tanítóképző 29 (1914) 06

Magyar Tanítóképző A Tanítóképző-intézeti Tanárok Országos Egyesületének közlönye 29. évfolyam, Hatodik füzet Budapest, 1914. június h