Lipa City...Emerging City for All Seasons???

The paper focuses on the socioeconomic development experience of Lipa in its journey to being an emerging city. Specifically, it presents the urbanization process in the city particularly the demographic and socioeconomic process with emphasis on the changing economic structure as well as the living condition of the populace. In addition, it investigates whether booming economic activities are attracting migrants and creating revenue-raising opportunities, which in turn will finance increasing demand for basic services. Lastly, the study attempts to identify the issues and challenges that come along with urbanization as well as the citys potentials for further economic development. These factors will determine whether Lipa City remains a promising city or transforms into a highly urbanized one

Incidencia de la emigración familiar en el ámbito escolar y emocional en los niños/as de las provincias de Imbabura y Carchi-Ecuador

El artículo analiza comparativamente la incidencia de la emigración de uno de los progenitores en las dinámicas familiares, concretamente en las relaciones con los hijos que se quedan en el país de origen; situación que se puede comparar con los niños/as que viven con sus padres. El análisis se realizó mediante un enfoque mixto, que pretende ofrecer unos resultados cuantitativos con variables cualitativas recopiladas en un cuestionario ad hoc, situación que contrasta con los ámbitos emocional y escolar de los niños/as con padres migrantes y no migrantes en las provincias de Imbabura y Carchi del Ecuador en el 2010. En esta investigación se encontró que la emigración influye en aspectos conductuales que llevan a modificar las relaciones de los niños/as con su entorno familiar y escolar

Synthesis and reactivity of new silyl substituted monocyclopentadienyl zirconium complexes. X-ray molecular structure of [Zr{η5-C5H4(SiMe2CH2Ph)}(CH2Ph)3]

Synthesis and reactivity of new silyl substituted monocyclopentadienyl zirconium complexes. X-ray molecular structure of [Zr{η5-C5H4(SiMe2CH2Ph)}(CH2Ph)3]We are grateful to the DGICYT (Project PB-92-0178-C) and University of Alcalá for the financial support of this research

Insertion of isocyanides into zirconium-alkyl bonds of di-ansa-zirconocene complexes. X-ray molecular structure of [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3))Cl(η2-C(i-Pr)N(2,6-Me2C6H3)}]

New dicyclopentadienyl iminoacyl zirconium complexes have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of [Zr{SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2)Me2] with CNR (R  2,6-Me2C6H3, t-Bu) yields [Zr((SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2Me(η2-CMeNR)] (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, t-Bu), which reacts with a stoichiometric amount of water to give the μ-oxo dimers [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2}(η2-CMeNR)]2(μ-O) (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3, t-Bu). The chloro neophyl complex [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2}Cl(CH2CMe2Ph)] and other β-hydrogen containing zirconium chloro alkyls [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2}CIR] (R  Et, n-Pr, i-Pr)_ with CN(2,6-Me2C6H3) to yield the related chloro iminoacyl complexes [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2)Cl}η2-CRN(2,6-Me2C6H3)}] (R  Et, n-Pr, i-Pr), whereas no reaction was observed when CN(t-Bu) was used. All the new iminoacyl complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the X-ray molecular structure of [Zr{(SiMe2)2(η5-C5H3)2)Cl{η2-C(i-Pr)N(2,6-Me2C6H3)}] studied by diffraction methods to prove the expected ‘inside’ coordination of the iminoacyl nitrogen atom.BID-CONICIT (Venezuela)Comunidad Autónoma de Madri

Silyl and siloxanediyl cyclopentadienyl titanium and zirconium complexes: synthesis and reactivity. X-ray molecular structure of [Zr{η5-C5H4SiMe2(μ-OH)}(μ-Cl)Cl2]2

Chloro(dimethyl)silyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl group 4 metal complexes of the type [M(η5-C5H4Cl)Cl3] (Full-size image (<1 K)) react with thallium salts Tl(C5H4R) (R = H, SiMe3) to give mixed dicyclopentadienyl derivatives [M(η5-C5H4R)(η5-C5H4SiMe2Cl)Cl2], (M = Ti, R = H 3, R = SiMe34; M = Zr, R = H 5, R = SiMe36) in high yield. Hydrolysis of complexes 3 and 4 affords the dinuclear complexes [Ti(η5-C5H4R)Cl2]2{μ-[(η5-C5H4SiMe2)2O]}] [R = H 7, R = SiMe38) containing a siloxanyl bridge, by elimination of two equivalents of HCl. Reactions of complexes 1 with hydroxo containing reagents such as anhydrous LiOH and SiPh2(OH)2 give the derivatives [Ti(η5-C5H4SiMe2Cl)Cl2]2(μ-O)], 9 and Ti[μ-(η5-C5H4SiMe2OSiPh2-η1-O)]Cl2, 10 identified by analytical, spectrometric and spectroscopic data. Treatment of analogous complex 2 with water produces the dimeric monocyclopentadienyl zirconium trichloride adduct [Zr(η5-C5H4SiMe2OH)Cl3]2, 11. Compound 11 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography.Universidad de AlcaláConsejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madri

Neutral and cationic di(tert-butyl) cyclopentadienyl titanium, zirconium and hafnium complexes. Dynamic NMR study of the ligand-free cations [M(1,3-tBu2-η5-C5H3)(η5-f5H5)(CH3)]+(M=Zr, Hf)

Group 4 metal complexes containing the di(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl ligand (l,3-tBu2-r/5-CsH3) have been synthesized. The\ud reaction of a mixture of 1,3- and 1,4-di(tert-butyl)cyclopentadiene isomers with KH in THF at -78°C gives the salt K+[(1,3 -\ud tBu2CsH3)]-(THF)I_3 2 as a white solid. Treatment of 2 with chlorotrimethylsilane in a 1:1 molar ratio gives the air-stable\ud trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl derivative Si(1,3-tBu2C5H3XCH3)3 3. The silyl derivative 3 is an excellent precursor for monocyclopentadienyl\ud trichlorotitanium and zirconium compounds M(1,3 -t Bu 2-r/5-C 5 H 3)C13 [M = Ti (4), Zr (5)]. Addition of a stoichiometric amount\ud of water in the presence of NEt 3 to a toluene solution of 4 affords the oxo trimer compound [Ti(1,3-tBu2-~75 - CsH3)CI( p,-O)] 3 6. The\ud reaction of 4 with 2 equiv, of LiMe affords the chloro dimethyl derivative Ti(1,3-tBu2-'r/5-CsH3)CI(CH3)2 7. The mixed dicyclopentadienyl\ud compounds M(1,3-tBu2-r/5-CsH3XCsHs)CI2 [M = Ti (8); Zr (9)] were prepared by reaction of complexes 4 and 5 respectively with\ud TI(CsHs). Treatment of complexes (8) and (9) with the appropriate alkylating reagent and molar ratio, in hexane at -78 °C, gives the\ud chloro alkyl derivatives M(1,3-tBu2-@-C5H3XCsHs)CIR [M = Ti, R = Me (10); M = Zr, R = Me (11), Bz (12)] or the dialkyl\ud complexes M(1,3-tBu2-@-CsH3)(CsHs)Rz [M = Ti, R = Me (13); M = Zr, R = Me (14), Bz (15), Nf (16)]. When 8 reacts with 2 equiv.\ud of MgBz2(THF) 2 or LiCH2CMe2Ph the metallacyclic complexes Ti(1-tBu-3-CMe2CH~-r/5-C~Ha)(CsHs)R [R = Bz (17); Nf (18)] were\ud isolated as red oils at room temperature, with the elimination of toluene or ten-butyl benzene respectively. The previously reported\ud cationic mono 1,3-di(tert-butyl)cyclopentadienyl dibenzyl zirconium species [Zr(1,3 -t Bu 2-'05-C 5 H 3 XCH 2 Ph) 2 ] + (19) can be stabilized\ud by reaction with tBuNC or PMe 3, in CD2C12 at -78°C, and the formation of the new cationic species [Zr(1,3-tBu2-r/5-\ud CsHa)(L)(CH2Ph)2] + [L=tBuNC (20); PMe 3 (21)] was identified by NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of B(CrFs) 3 with the\ud monocyclopentadienyl trimethyl derivatives M(1,3-tBu2-r/5-CsH3XCH3)3 [M = Ti (22), Zr (23)], in the presence of PMe 3, gives the\ud cationic species [M(I,3-tBu2-@-C~H3)(PMe3)2(CH3)2] + [M = Ti (24); Zr (25)], obtained as orange-yellow solids, stable at room\ud temperature. The reaction of B(C6Fs) 3 with the metallocene dimethyl derivatives M(1,3-tBu2-r/5-CsHa)(@-CsHs)(CH3)z [M = Zr (14);\ud Hf (26)], in a 1:1 molar ratio and in hydrocarbon solvents gives the cationic derivatives [M(1,3-tBu2-@-CsH3)(@ -\ud CsHsXCH3)]+[(CH3)B(CrFs)3] - [M = Zr (27); Hf (28)] as yellow oils which can be stored for weeks under an inert atmosphere. When\ud the same reactions of (14) and (26) with B(C6Fs) 3 are carried out in a 2:1 molar ratio at room temperature, the complexes\ud {[M(1,3-tBu2-@-CsH3X@-CsH5)Me]2(/.L-Me)}[MeB(C6Fs)3] [M =Zr (29), Hf (30)] can be obtained as a mixture of syn- and\ud anti-isomers as shown by NMR spectroscopic observations. The formation of (29) and (30) implies the stabilization of the 14-electron\ud cationic intermediate by interaction with one methyl group of the neutral complexes (14) and (26). Complexes (27) and (28) undergo\ud heterolytic dissociation of the Metal-MeB(C6Fs) 3 bonds, leading to the formation of the free [M(I,3-tBu2-r/5-CsH3)(r/5-CsHs)(CH3)] +\ud 14-electron species, verified by 1H DNMR spectroscopy. When compound (27) was heated at 50°C the metallacyclic cation\ud [Zr(1-tBu-3-CMezCH2-@-C5H3)(@-CsHs)] + (31) was formed. The alkyl derivatives synthesized and reported herein, activated with MAO, B(C6Fs) 3 or [Ph3C][B(C6Fs)4], polymerize ethylene with very low activity. The molecular structure of [Ti(1,3-tBu2-r/5-\ud C5H3)C1(/x-O)] 3 6 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.Financial support for this research by DGICYT (Project PB92-0178C) is gratefully acknowledged. J.I.A.\ud acknowledges Repsol Petróleo S.A. for a fellowship. A.M. is grateful to Consejeria Educaci6n (CAM) for a fellowship

Presynaptic partner selection during retinal circuit reassembly varies with timing of neuronal regeneration in vivo

Whether neurons can restore their original connectivity patterns during circuit repair is unclear. Taking advantage of the regenerative capacity of zebrafish retina, we show here the remarkable specificity by which surviving neurons reassemble their connectivity upon regeneration of their major input. H3 horizontal cells (HCs) normally avoid red and green cones, and prefer ultraviolet over blue cones. Upon ablation of the major (ultraviolet) input, H3 HCs do not immediately increase connectivity with other cone types. Instead, H3 dendrites retract and re-extend to contact new ultraviolet cones. But, if regeneration is delayed or absent, blue-cone synaptogenesis increases and ectopic synapses are made with red and green cones. Thus, cues directing synapse specificity can be maintained following input loss, but only within a limited time period. Further, we postulate that signals from the major input that shape the H3 HC's wiring pattern during development persist to restrict miswiring after damage

The construction of infant and primary school teachers’ identity during their initial professional development and first years of work (Identidoc). Summary, main results and contributions

Podeu consultar el simposi sencer a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/50680Podeu consultar la versió en català de la comunicació a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/50728Educators who are currently beginning their professional career at any level of the educational system and who will likely have to work during the next thirty to forty years will be taking part in the education of individuals who, with the permission of prophets and doomsayers, will live part of their lives in the 22nd century. That long but simple statement causes a bit of vertigo as well as a good amount of reflection on the part of we educators who were trained in the 20th century, are working in the 21st century, and are responsible for preparing people to build a tomorrow that is already today (Millán and Sancho, 1995). This is the starting point of our research groups’ interest in exploring how men and women who have graduated from teacher education programs with specializations in infant and primary education learn to be teachers, and how they establish and position themselves as teachers during their university studies and the first years of their professional life..