Sum rules for isospin centroids in pick-up reactions on general multishell target states

Sum Rules equations for pick-up reactions are presented for the first time for the energy centroids of states both for the isospin T_< (\equiv T_0 - 1 \over 2) and T_> (\equiv T_0 + {1 \over 2}) of the final nucleus when a nucleon is picked up from a general multishell target state with isospin T_0. These equations contain two-body correlation terms, , which, at the present moment, are difficult to handle analytically. These terms are managed by combining these equations with the known stripping reactions equations. Sample applications of these equations to experimental data are presented.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe

Imatinib inhibits VEGF-independent angiogenesis by targeting neuropilin 1-dependent ABL1 activation in endothelial cells.

To enable new blood vessel growth, endothelial cells (ECs) express neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and NRP1 associates with the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR2 after binding the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) to enhance arteriogenesis. We report that NRP1 contributes to angiogenesis through a novel mechanism. In human and mouse ECs, the integrin ligand fibronectin (FN) stimulated actin remodeling and phosphorylation of the focal adhesion component paxillin (PXN) in a VEGF/VEGFR2-independent but NRP1-dependent manner. NRP1 formed a complex with ABL1 that was responsible for FN-dependent PXN activation and actin remodeling. This complex promoted EC motility in vitro and during angiogenesis on FN substrates in vivo. Accordingly, both physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the retina were inhibited by treatment with Imatinib, a small molecule inhibitor of ABL1 which is widely used to prevent the proliferation of tumor cells that express BCR-ABL fusion proteins. The finding that NRP1 regulates angiogenesis in a VEGF- and VEGFR2-independent fashion via ABL1 suggests that ABL1 inhibition provides a novel opportunity for anti-angiogenic therapy to complement VEGF or VEGFR2 blockade in eye disease or solid tumor growth

Az orvosnői hivatás magatartástudományi vizsgálata = Behavioural sciences perspective of the medical profession by female physicians

Jelen tanulmányunk folytatni kívánja azt a 16 évvel ezelőtt készült munkát, amely a magyar­országi orvosok/orvosnők egészségi állapotát, életminőségét tárta fel. A kiugróan rossz mortalitási és morbiditási mutatók hátterében akkor az egyenlőtlen terhelés, a mozgásszegény életmód és a kedvezőtlen életkörülmények szerepeltek magyarázó változóként. 2001 tavaszán 72 orvosnővel készítettünk életút-interjút, és vettünk fel az egészségi állapotukra vonatkozó kérdőívet. Vizsgálatunk legfőbb célja az volt, hogy feltérképezzük az orvosnők hivatásbeli és családi terheinek alakulását, megvizsgáljuk  az  egészségügyi problémákat, a  szerepkonfliktusokat, illetve ezek megoldási kísérleteit.  Kutatásunk az életút számos fontos elemét igyekezett megvizsgálni: a pályaválasztás, szakválasztás kérdésétől a munkahelyeken át a család és az anyaság kérdéséig.  Munkánk ugyanakkor előtanulmánynak tekinthető, amely későbbi egészségi állapottal és szerepkonfliktussal kapcsolatos országos vizsgálat alapjául szolgálhat

My Heart, My Art: A novel Nepali medical student art project and the link to learning

Background: Humanities programs in South Asian medical schools are slowly growing in popularity. Art-making opportunities within those programs, however, are limited despite their potential benefits including solidification and integration of learning. Aim: to examine art created by medical students for the breadth and depth of conceptual understanding that formed the foundation for its creation. Settings and design: Medical school in Nepal; qualitative study. Material and methods: First year medical students at the Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal, in 2011, 2012, 2014 and 2016, were asked to volunteer and submit artistic interpretations of  “cardiac science” during five weeks of learning about the cardiovascular system using any media. Submissions were digitally recorded. This art repository was used as the data set for the present study. Data analysis: curatorial analysis of a repository of art pieces using Rose’s criteria for critical visual analysis. Results: Four main categories were generated: Anatomy Literal Representation, Artistic Representation, Tactile Renderings, and Linked to Health/Nepal. Conclusions: From literal to artistic/fanciful representation, student’s art revealed a strong conceptual understanding of the cardiac science topic. A subset of tactile art highlighted the student’s manual dexterity and propensity for kinesthetic learning. The links made by their art to socially relevant health issues, illustrated the student’s ability to connect science to the needs of their patient population, and the important role for education in disease prevention. This is the first study that has explored art-making in the context of Nepali medical education and its potential role as an adjunct to science learning

Atrioventricular thrombus in a 14-year-old patient: a case report

Right atrioventricular thrombus was diagnosed by echocardiography in a 14-year-old boy. Thrombus was reached through the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery and it was caused to tricuspit valve insufficiency. Surgical thrombectomy was performed and, he was treated with oral anticoagulation in postoperative period

Dynamics of nascent mRNA folding and RNA–protein interactions: an alternative TAR RNA structure is involved in the control of HIV-1 mRNA transcription

HIV-1 Tat protein regulates transcription elongation by binding to the 59 nt TAR RNA stem–loop structure transcribed from the HIV-1 5′ long terminal repeat (5′-LTR). This established Tat–TAR interaction was used to investigate mRNA folding and RNA–protein interactions during early transcription elongation from the HIV-1 5′-LTR. Employing a new site-specific photo-cross-linking strategy to isolate transcription elongation complexes at early steps of elongation, we found that Tat interacts with HIV-1 transcripts before the formation of full-length TAR (TAR59). Analysis of RNA secondary structure by free energy profiling and ribonuclease digestion indicated that nascent transcripts folded into an alternative TAR RNA structure (TAR31), which requires only 31 nt to form and includes an analogous Tat-binding bulge structure. Functionally, TAR31, similar to TAR59, acts as a transcriptional terminator in vitro, and mRNA expression from TAR31-deficient HIV-1 5′-LTR mutant promoters is significantly decreased. Our results support a role for TAR31 in the control of HIV-1 mRNA transcription and we propose that this structure is important to stabilize the short early transcripts before the transcription complex commits for processive elongation. Overall, this study demonstrates that RNA folding during HIV-1 transcription is dynamic and that as the nascent RNA chain grows during transcription, it folds into a number of conformations that function to regulate gene expression. Finally, our results provide a new experimental strategy for studying mRNA conformation changes during transcription that can be applied to investigate the folding and function of nascent RNA structures transcribed from other promoters

EACVI recommendations on cardiovascular imaging for the detection of embolic sources: endorsed by the Canadian Society of Echocardiography

Cardioaortic embolism to the brain accounts for approximately 15-30% of ischaemic strokes and is often referred to as 'cardioembolic stroke'. One-quarter of patients have more than one cardiac source of embolism and 15% have significant cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. After a careful work-up, up to 30% of ischaemic strokes remain 'cryptogenic', recently redefined as 'embolic strokes of undetermined source'. The diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke remains difficult because a potential cardiac source of embolism does not establish the stroke mechanism. The role of cardiac imaging-transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), cardiac computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in the diagnosis of potential cardiac sources of embolism, and for therapeutic guidance, is reviewed in these recommendations. Contrast TTE/TOE is highly accurate for detecting left atrial appendage thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation, valvular and prosthesis vegetations and thrombosis, aortic arch atheroma, patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, and intracardiac tumours. Both CT and MRI are highly accurate for detecting cavity thrombosis, intracardiac tumours, and valvular prosthesis thrombosis. Thus, CT and cardiac magnetic resonance should be considered in addition to TTE and TOE in the detection of a cardiac source of embolism. We propose a diagnostic algorithm where vascular imaging and contrast TTE/TOE are considered the first-line tool in the search for a cardiac source of embolism. CT and MRI are considered as alternative and complementary tools, and their indications are described on a case-by-case approach.Cardiolog