A Tale of Four Functions and Their Relationships with the Device: Extending Implementation Intention Theory

10.1109/TPC.2011.2182570IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication55136-5

A Design of LED Dental Operation Light

LED has been used in optical system extensively, because of the power saving efficiently and excellent characters. Medical instrument is one of the important fields of LED application. For example, surgical light, dental operation light, etc have been developed in past few years. In this study, based on the specification ISO 9680: 1996 "Specification for Dental Operation Light", a compact LED dental operation light of linear layout is developed. The designed dental operation light consists of spheroid reflectors, collimating lenses, lens hoods, auxiliary reflectors and supporter accessories. The luminance of the light is over 35,000 lx (Max.), the projective pattern has dimension of width 60 mm and length 120 mm (projected on a screen in front light 700mm), no chromatic aberration in the 50 % counter line of luminance, color temperature is 5500 K. and conduct the concept of compensating glaring light to eliminate the shadow effect by auxiliary reflectors. Method of light tracing is used to simulate the light path to find the light projection pattern. In addition to simulation, the experimental results and performances evaluation are also done to prove the correctness of the simulation results

Language Situation of Han Chinese Families in Amdo Tibetan Area: A Case of the Wang Deyou’s Family in Skarmathang Village

This paper focuses on the current language situation of Han Chinese Families in Amdo Tibetan area, China. The analysis is based on a Han Chinese Family named Wang Deyou of a Tibetan Village. The Skarmathang Village is located in Huang Nan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. Tibetans mainly live in this village while people of Han nationality mix with Tibetans in the local area therefore, This place is called the “Tibetan Village.” The Wang Deyou’s family is a good example of a family that speaks the following three languages: Qinghai Dialect, Mandarin, and Amdo Tibetan, and Wang Deyou’s Family is ethnically considered a Han family. These three languages have been passed down from generation to generation. This paper is aimed at clarifying how these languages are handed down in that family. Mr.Wang Deyou and his family have been living in Tibetan Village from Xining Basin in 1918. In daily life they use the three languages mentioned above. The language they choose to use at any given moment is decided according to the situation. Mr.Wang Deyou’s mother tongue is Qinghai Dialect and his wife’s mother tongue is Amdo Tibetan. Their son, the second generation, born in Tibetan Village and having attended ethnic schools, is fluent in the three languages mentioned above. The eldest son’s wife is from a Chinese Village, and she cannot speak any other language except the Qinghai Dialect. And the third generation’s mother tongue is Qinghai Dialect because of their mother, but they also can speak fluent Mandarin. As can be seen in Mr.Wang Deyou’s family’s case, it is very common to see these kinds of changes in language situations of a single family in Amdo Tibetan Area

The Development Strategy of Pechoin in the New Era

With a long history inherited through centuries of business competition, Chinese time-honored brands are a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. As a witness of history, every old Chinese brand is a brand legend, but they arenow gradually declining. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Commerce of China, only 160 out ofover 1,600 “Chinese time-honored brands”have beenprofitable since 1993. Many time-honored brands are facing the scourge of brand decline or even extinction, with the remaining brands dying at a rate of 5% per year. In recent years, cosmetics have gradually become an inseparable part of people's daily lives with the increasing income of Chinese residents. China's broad market prospects have attracted many well-known international brands, while many well-known old Chinese brands have been eclipsed in this increasingly fierce market competition. As the saying goes, “An outsider, however strong, should always respects the locals,” foreign brands have overcome the inherent competitive disadvantages of systems, cultural regions, and the like. In contrast, domestic brands have continued to decline under local advantages,the reasons of which are worth discussing. This article uses Pechoin as an example to explore the development strategies of traditional old brands in the new era and explores the causes of the brand’s resurgence in terms of brand innovation and marketing strategy. Its current problems are discussed to provide a way for other traditional brands to rejuvenate

Generation of radially polarized single photons with plasmonic bullseye antennas

Radially polarized optical beams are desirable in many applications because of their property to generate longitudinally polarized fields when being strongly focused. Single-photon sources are however normally limited to the generation of linearly polarized photons due to their dipolar nature. Here, we report on emission of radially polarized single photons from a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond (ND) coupled to a bull's-eye plasmonic antenna. Design optimization and characterization of plasmonic bull's-eye antennas consisting of polymer circular nanoridges deterministically fabricated on a silica protected silver film around an NV-ND emitter are reported. We demonstrate with numerical simulations that the collection efficiency for photons emitted at the design wavelength can exceed 80% with optimized bull's-eye structures. Analysis of the emission angular distribution indicates that, even when limiting the detection to the main lobe by using an 0.2 NA objective, the detection efficiency can overreach 55%. A 3-fold enhancement in the total number of detected radially polarized photons is experimentally observed with an NV-ND single-photon emitter being coupled to a bull's-eye antenna. Generation of radially polarized single photons suggests new interesting possibilities for single-photon imaging and sensing. </p

Functional metasurface quarter-wave plates for simultaneous polarization conversion and beam steering

The capability to manipulate the polarization state of light at the nanoscale is of paramount importance in many emerging research areas ranging from optical communication to quantum information processing. Gap-surface plasmon (GSP) metasurfaces, which provide advantages and abilities of molding reflected fields, have been demonstrated excellently suited for integration of multifunctional polarization optics into a single device. Here, we establish a versatile GSP metasurface platform based on nanoscale quarter-wave plates (nano-QWPs) that enable efficient circular-to-linear polarization conversion along with the complete phase control over reflected fields. Capitalizing on the nano-QWP design, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, how resonance and geometric phases can be used in concert to achieve independent and simultaneous phase modulation of both co- A nd cross-polarized circularly polarized (CP) waves by realizing arbitrary beam steering of co- A nd cross-polarized CP channels in a broadband near-infrared range. The GSP metasurface platform established in our work provides versatile and flexible solutions to enrich multiple functionalities for diversified metasurface-based polarization optics exploited in modern integrated photonic devices and systems. </p

A multimodal approach to attitudes towards Tibet in Chinese language textbooks

Drawing on an examination of Chinese language textbooks for Tibetan ethnic students in the Tibet Autonomous Region of mainland China, this study scrutinises the representation of Tibetan images and the official attitude towards Tibet embedded in the textbooks. Using multimodal discourse analysis (MDA), the paper investigates how government perceptions of Tibet are constructed through the co-deployment of visual and textual semiotic resources in Chinese language textbooks. This study suggests an overall positive attitude towards Tibet shown in the textbooks. However, the references to Tibet or Tibetans are usually situated as topics of the ‘past’, which indicates a sense of their being uncivilised or backwards. The positive yet stereotyped portrayal of Tibet is in line with national identity construction to ensure a unified nation-state. This study examines both text and image in textbooks in order to understand state ideologies and official attitudes towards a minority group