EUROCODE 2: BACKGROUND & APPLICATIONS DESIGN OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS Worked examples

This document is a report with worked examples presenting step-by-step the design of a reinforced concrete cast on site building following Eurocode 2. The design process has been divided between different authors, some of whom were involved in the preparation and/or assessment of Eurocode 2. Each chapter of the report focuses on a different step in the design process: conceptual design, structural analyses, limit states design and verification, detailing of the reinforcement as well as some geotechnical aspects of building design. Last chapter gives general overview of the fire design according to the Eurocodes. The materials were prepared and presented at the workshop “Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Buildings” held on 20 21 October 2011 in Brussels, Belgium. The workshop was organized by JRC with the support of DG ENTR and CEN, and in collaboration with CEN/TC250/Sub-Committee 2. The document is part of the Report Series ‘Support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the Eurocodes’ prepared by JRC in collaboration with DG ENTR and CEN/TC250 “Structural Eurocodes”.JRC.G.5-European laboratory for structural assessmen

Textilbeton in Theorie und Praxis: Tagungsband zum 6. Kolloquium zu textilbewehrten Tragwerken (CTRS6); Gemeinsames Abschlusskolloquium der Sonderforschungsbereiche 528 (Dresden) und 532 (Aachen) Berlin, 19.9.2011 – 20.9.2011

Seit nunmehr über einem Jahrzehnt arbeiten die beiden Sonderforschungsbereiche 528 und 532 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) an der Verwendung technischer Textilien im Bauwesen. An der RWTH Aachen (SFB 532) wurde in erster Linie der innovative Verbundwerkstoff „Textilbewehrter Beton“ untersucht, wobei das Ziel dünnwandige und hochbelastbare Betonbauteile waren. An der TU Dresden (SFB 528) wurde in erster Linie die Verwendung von technischen Textilien für die Verstärkung und Instandsetzung von Stahlbetontragwerken oder Holzbauteilen erforscht, um eine wirtschaftlich und technisch attraktive Alternative für die aktuellen Herausforderungen im Bauwesen anbieten zu können. Das 6. Kolloquium zu textilbewehrten Tragwerken (CTRS6) ist Teil einer Serie von Kolloquien, die seit 2001 von den beiden Sonderforschungsbereichen 528 (Dresden) und 532 (Aachen) abwechselnd organisiert werden. Das gemeinsame Abschlusskolloquium der beiden Sonderforschungsbereiche nach dem Ende der Förderung durch die DFG ist das sechste in dieser Reihe und wurde vom Dresdner SFB 528, allerdings diesmal zentral gelegen in Berlin, organisiert. Die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der beiden Sonderforschungsbereiche stellten ihre aktuellen Ergebnisse vor, wobei diese von Nachwuchswissenschaftlern aus den einzelnen Teilprojekten präsentiert wurden. Ergänzt wurde das Programm durch Vorträge renommierter internationaler Gastredner auf den Gebieten der Fasern und Textilien.For more than a decade, the collaborative research centres 528 and 532 of the Deutsche For-schungsgemeinschaft (DFG) have worked on the application of textile fabrics in civil engi-neering. The RWTH Aachen (CRC 532) first and foremost dealt with the innovative composite “textile reinforced concrete” with the aim of developing thin-walled concrete components with a heavy-load capacity. The TU Dresden (SFB 528) concentrated on re-search into the strengthening and restoration of reinforced concrete load-bearing structures or timber components to provide an economically and technically attractive alternative for the current challenges in civil engineering. The sixth colloquium on textile reinforced structures (CTRS 6) is part of a series of colloquia which has been alternately organized by the collaborative research centre 528 (Dresden) and 532 (Aachen).After the DFG’s grant had come to an end, the joint sixth and final colloquium of both collaborative research centres, which was this time organized by the CRC 528 from Dresden, took place in Berlin due to its more central location. The scientists from both col-laborative research centres presented their current results which were explained by young scientists from the individual subprojects. The programme was complemented by presenta-tions by renowned international guest lecturers from the field of fibres and textiles

Vorwort

Aus dem Vorwort: „Bereits vor 50 Jahren zeigte ein Forscherteam um Donella und Dennis Meadows am MIT in einer vom Club of Rome initiierten Studie mögliche Zukünfte der Weltwirtschaft unter Einbeziehung der globalen Wirkung von Industrialisierung, Bevölkerungswachstum, Unterernährung, Ausbeutung von Rohstoffreserven und Zerstörung von Lebensraum auf. Heute – ein halbes Jahrhundert später – haben diese Szenarien nichts an Aktualität verloren. Sie sind vielmehr verstärkt ins Bewusstsein gerückt. Themen wie globale Ressourcenknappheit, Klimaveränderung, Bevölkerungswachstum, Verantwortung und Generationengerechtigkeit im ökologischen, ökonomischen und sozialen Sinne sind heute allgegenwärtig und prägen weite Bereiche unseres Lebens und Arbeitens. Das Prinzip der Nachhaltigkeit, erstmals 1713 von Hans Carl von Carlowitz schriftlich formuliert, gehört heute zur Vision und Philosophie fast jedes Unternehmens und ist wesentlicher Bestandteil von Wissenschaft und Bildung....”from the preface: „As early as 50 years ago, a team of researchers around Donella and Dennis Meadows at MIT showed possible futures of the world economy in a study initiated by the Club of Rome, taking into account the global impact of industrialisation, population growth, malnutrition, exploitation of raw material reserves and destruction of living space. Today – half a century later – these scenarios have lost none of their relevance. On the contrary, they have become more prominent. Topics such as global resource scarcity, climate change, population growth, responsibility and intergenerational fairness in the ecological, economic and social sense are omnipresent today and influence wide areas of our life and work. The principle of sustainability, first formulated in written form by Hans Carl von Carlowitz in 1713, is now part of the vision and philosophy of almost every company and is an essential ingredient of science and education....

Querschnittsadaption für stabförmige Druckbauteile

Druckbauteile sind essentielle Elemente eines jeden Bauwerks, denn in Form von Stützen oder Wänden tragen sie die Lasten in den Baugrund ab. Heutzutage werden sie zumeist mit einem rechteckigen Querschnitt und konstanten Abmaßen über die Höhe ausgeführt. Bereits runde Stützen stellen eine Ausnahme dar und werden vor allem aus architektonischen Gründen angeordnet. Aber wie würde die möglichst optimale Geometrie eines Druckbauteils aussehen? Im Rahmen des Projekts wurde dieser zentralen Fragestellung nach einer günstigen Adaption der Querschnittsgeometrie von Stützen in Quer- und in Längsrichtung nachgegangen. Wesentliche Zielsetzung war dabei, Stützen so entwerfen und berechnen zu können, dass sie in allen Querschnittsbereichen gleichmäßig ausgelastet sind. Dadurch werden schlankere Bauteile möglich, die aufgrund der Materialersparnis nicht nur zur Schonung unserer natürlichen Ressourcen beitragen, sondern auch wirtschaftlich von Vorteil sind und zu einem ästhetischeren Erscheinungsbild führen. [Aus: Einleitung]Pressure components are essential elements for any structure, because in the form of columns or walls they transfer the loads into the subsoil. Nowadays, they are usually designed with a constant rectangular cross-section over the full height. Already round columns are an exception and are arranged mainly for architectural reasons. But what would the optimum geometry of a pressure component look like? Within the framework of the project, this central question of a favourable adaptation of the cross-section geometry of columns in transverse and longitudinal direction was investigated. The main objective was to be able to design and calculate columns in such a way that they are equally loaded in all cross-section areas. This enables slimmer components which, due to the material savings, not only contribute to the conservation of our natural resources, but are also economically advantageous and lead to a more aesthetic appearance. [Off: Introduction

Carbon reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures

The material behavior of carbon reinforced concrete exposed to high temperatures was examined in 118 tensile and 81 bond tests using two material combinations. This analysis served to determine resilient material values under temperature influence for current carbon reinforcements and to show starting points for further test series. In this article, the test specimens for the tensile and bond tests are described in detail as well as the used test setup. Special attention is given to the physical–chemical behavior of the impregnated material, which were analyzed namely with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the results of the tensile and bond tests under different temperature exposures are presented and classified

Koordination des SPP 1542

Leicht Bauen mit Beton − was zuerst wie ein Paradoxon erscheint, ist der Titel des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms (SPP) 1542 [2]. Das SPP wurde über zwei Förderperioden finanziert. Aufgrund zahlreicher Projektverlängerungen – der letzte mit Mitteln des SPP fi nanzierte Demonstrator wurde im Sommer 2021 fertiggestellt – erfolgt der Projektabschluss nun erst im März 2022.Lightweight construction with concrete (in short: Concrete light) – what at first seems like a paradox is the title of the DFG Priority Programme (SPP) 1542 [2]. The SPP was funded over two grant periods. Due to numerous project extensions – the last SPP demonstrator was completed in summer 2021 – the project will now end in March 2022

Virtual concrete specimens: discrete element simulations of the quasistatic and dynamic material behavior and failure mechanisms of concrete and mortar

A quite minimalistic approach is described which allows to generate differently shaped ensembles of densely packed spherical particles. The distributions of the particle diameters approximate realistic sieving distributions of concrete aggregates. An ad hoc approach is used in order to add cohesive interaction forces to the model which allows first plausibility tests

Corporate or Governmental Duties?: Corporate Citizenship From a Governmental Perspective

Recent discussions on corporate citizenship (CC) highlight the new political role of corporations in society by arguing that corporations increasingly act as quasi-governmental actors and take on what hitherto had originally been governmental tasks. By examining political and sociological citizenship theories, the authors show that such a corporate engagement can be explained by a changing (self-)conception of corporate citizens from corporate bourgeois to corporate citoyen. As an intermediate actor in society, the corporate citoyen assumes co-responsibilities for social and civic affairs and actively collaborates with fellow citizens beyond governmental regulation. This change raises the question of how such corporate civic engagement can be aligned with public policy regulations and how corporate activities can be integrated into the democratic regime. To clarify the mode of CC contributions to society, the authors will apply the tenet of subsidiarity as a governing principle which allows for specifying corporations’ tasks as intermediate actors in society. By referring to the renewed European Union strategy for Corporate Social Responsibility, the authors show how such a subsidiary corporate-governmental task-sharing can be organized

Leichte Deckentragwerke aus geschichteten Hochleistungsbetonen

Stahlbetondeckenplatten sind material- und energieintensive Biegetragwerke, wenn sie, wie derzeit üblich, ebenflächig mit konstanter Querschnittshöhe und aus einer Betonsorte hergestellt werden. Diese Ausführung ist aus statischer und bauökologischer Sicht sehr ineffizient, da der bewehrte Beton nur an wenigen Stellen sowohl in der Haupttragrichtung als auch über die Deckenhöhe voll ausgenutzt wird. Mit einer gleichmäßigen Ausnutzung können Material und Gewicht und damit natürliche Ressourcen gespart werden.Reinforced concrete floor slabs are materialand energy-intensive flexural load-bearing structures if, as it is currently the case, they are produced flat with a constant cross-sectional height and from one type of concrete. This design is very inefficient from a structural and building ecology point of view, as the reinforced concrete is only fully utilised at a few areas both in the main load-bearing direction and across the slab height. With an uniform utilisation, material and weight and thus natural resources can be saved

DEM Simulation of Concrete Fracture Phenomena

Concrete fracture phenomena are investigated in this work. It is the fracture processes and failure mechanisms which are specifically investigated rather than the reaching of a certain maximum load or the investigation of the concrete’s behaviour within a range of safe working loads. The following questions are addressed. How do the crack positions vary from one test to another? Is it possible to identify in advance where for example micro-cracks will emerge to a global macro-crack later on? In order to investigate this matter, a two-dimensional numerical simulation based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used for the analysis of concrete behaviour under compression load. Frictional behaviour, crack initiation and damage evolution are analysed. Regarding the concrete body, convex and concave geometries can be treated. The cracks are discrete just as in real laboratory experiments. The cracks arise due to the interaction of the concrete particle elements and without the predefinition of any crack zones or crack elements. The simulation results are compared to the ones of laboratory experiments. The ratio of longitudinal strain to lateral strain is obtained as a result of the simulation and compared to experimental results. The qualitative evolution of postprocessing entities such as stresses and strains is analysed