Some aerophytic algae in the „Mokry Bór” reserve

The results of investigation on aerophytic algae grown on different tree species in the area of the „Mokry Bor” reserve carried in February 1995. Among the found green algae Apatococcus lobatus played important role. It occurred on the surface of nearly all examined trees creating dark green coatings on the tree barks (excluding Carpinus be lulus). On Abies and Picea apart from Apatococcus also other synantropic green alga occurred Gloeotila protogenita. They were accompanied by the following species: Chlorella vulgaris, Ch. ellipsoidea, Klebsormidium flaccidum, Stichococcus bacillaris, Pseudococcomyxa simplex and Heterothrix exilis, representing probably previous natural communities. Obtained ultrastructures of cells of Apatococcus showed inside some specimens presence of fungus haustorium, which however did not affect cellular structures of this algae. This form of symbiosis has not been observed so far in the case of this green alga. Characteristic ultrastructure observed in the green alga Gloeotila (in particular the thick layer of mucus surrounding the vegetative cells) proves presence on this area of a typical land form containing pyrenoid of a specific structure. Its land character is also proven by the reproduction ways.W tej pracy przedstawione zostały wyniki badań dotyczące glonów aerofitycznych, występujących na różnych drzewach na terenie rezerwatu ścisłego „Mokry Bór” (Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy). Materiał został zebrany w lutym 1995 r. Stwierdzono na prawie wszystkich badanych drzewach (z wyjątkiem Carpinus betulus) obecność Apatococcus lobatus.Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

On the Orthogonal Stability of the Pexiderized Quadratic Equation

The Hyers--Ulam stability of the conditional quadratic functional equation of Pexider type f(x+y)+f(x-y)=2g(x)+2h(y), x\perp y is established where \perp is a symmetric orthogonality in the sense of Ratz and f is odd.Comment: 10 pages, Latex; Changed conten

Differences in the ultrastructure of two selected taxa of phytoplankton in a thermally stratified Lake Holzmaar (Germany)

This paper presents the results of ultrastructural studies and ecological aspects of some phytoplankton species belongingto the groups of cyanobacteria (Planktothrix rubescens, Synechocystis aquatilis) and green algae (Desmodesmus grahneisii). Specimens were collected during summertime from the mesotrophic and stratified Lake Holzmaar (Western Germany) as planktonic from the pelagic zone. The highest cyanobacterium P. rubescens concentration was detected in the metalimnion where the alkaline pH, low phosphorus and high nitrogen contents were recorded. It was characterized by straight filaments up to 1000 um long and 5.4-8 um wide and numerous aerotopes in cells. The accompanying algae were identified by ultrastructuralanalysis and photographic documentation was provided. In the case of D. grahneisii, chloroplast was concentrated in the parietal part of cell with one large, oval pyrenoid and, in addition, the granular and spiny cell wall clearly showed important taxonomical criteria for Desmodesmus genera. This is in contrast with cyanobacterium S. aquatilis where the presence of a homogeneous content with visible chromatoplasma was mostly distributed through the cell. This algal association was stable in the epilimnion characterized by the presence of high temperature, pH values, nitrate nitrogen and oxygen concentrations

On the stability of J∗−^*-derivations

In this paper, we establish the stability and superstability of $J^*-$derivations in $J^*-$algebras for the generalized Jensen--type functional equation $$rf(\frac{x+y}{r})+rf(\frac{x-y}{r})= 2f(x).$$ Finally, we investigate the stability of $J^*-$derivations by using the fixed point alternative

On the dependence on a parameter of solutions of a linear functional equation

W pracy dowodzi się twierdzenia 1 o istnieniu i jednoznaczności rozwiązań ciągłych równania (1) w zbiorze ^ w przypadku (C). Podaje się przykład dowodzący istotności założenia (iv ) Dowodzi się także twierdzenia 2 o istnieniu rozwiązań ciągłych w ^ w przypadku (B) zależnych od dowolnej funkcji

Strach przed COVID-19, percepcja ryzyka i zagrożenia a poziom stresu u polskich pielęgniarek w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Introduction. The outbreak of COVID-19 disease causes severe stress in health care workers, especially nurses.Nurses are at high risk of contracting the disease, as well as an increased risk of developing mental health symptomssuch as fear, anxiety and work-related stress.Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, risk perception, perceivedthreat and stress in Polish nurses during COVID-19 outbreak.Material and Methods. 106 nurses participated in the study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale(FOC-6), Risk of Contracting COVID-19 Scale and Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Scale were used in the study.Results. It has been shown that perceived stress, fear of COVID-19, perceived risk and threat are at high level. Allthe variables related to the perception of COVID-19 threat were significantly correlated with the perceived stress.The strongest relationship was between the risk of infection and perceived stress. Risk perception was statisticallysignificant predictor of perceived stress.Conclusions. Polish nurses experience severe stress and perceive COVID-19 as a significant threat for their healthand safety. In addition to protecting medical personnel from infection, nurses experiencing the highest levels ofstress should be given psychological care and support, which could prevent the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their mental health. (JNNN 2021;10(1):3–9)Wstęp. Pandemia COVID-19 powoduje silny stres u pracowników ochrony zdrowia, zwłaszcza u pielęgniarek. Pielęgniarki są w grupie osób szczególnie narażonych na zarażenie wirusem. Są również narażone na odczuwanie psychologicznych negatywnych skutków pandemii, takich jak strach, lęk i stres związany z pracą.Cel. Celem badań było określenie związku między strachem przed COVID-19, postrzeganiem ryzyka i zagrożeniaa stresem u polskich pielęgniarek podczas pandemii COVID-19.Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 106 pielęgniarek. W badaniu wykorzystano Skalę Odczuwanego Stresu(PSS-10), Skalę Strachu przed COVID-19 (FOC-6), Skalę Postrzeganego Ryzyka Zachorowania na COVID-19oraz Skalę Postrzeganego Zagrożenia COVID-19.Wyniki. Wykazano, że postrzegany przez pielęgniarki stres i strach przed COVID-19, postrzegane ryzyko i zagrożeniesą na wysokim poziomie. Wszystkie zmienne związane z postrzeganiem zagrożenia związanego z COVID-19 byłyistotnie statystycznie skorelowane z odczuwanym stresem. Najsilniejszy związek występował między postrzeganymryzykiem a odczuwanym stresem. Postrzeganie ryzyka było statystycznie istotnym predyktorem odczuwanego stresu.Wnioski. Pielęgniarki doświadczają silnego stresu i postrzegają COVID-19 jako istotne zagrożenie dla ich zdrowiai bezpieczeństwa. Oprócz zabezpieczania pracowników ochrony zdrowia przed zakażeniem należałoby pielęgniarkomdoświadczającym najwyższego poziomu stresu zapewnić pomoc psychologiczną i wsparcie, co mogłoby zapobiecnegatywnemu wpływowi pandemii COVID-19 na ich zdrowie psychiczne. (PNN 2021;10(1):3–9

Fear of COVID-19 as a buffer in the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction in the Polish population at the beginning of the global pandemic

Background COVID-19 is a significant threat to human life and health. It makes people experience fear, stress, anxiety and mood disorders, which have a negative impact on their psychological well-being. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and life satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic. Participants and procedure 907 Polish people (522 women and 385 men) participated in this study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used in the study. Results Fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress were positively correlated with each other and both negatively related to life satisfaction. Moderation analysis showed that fear of COVID-19 acted as a  buffer between perceived stress and life satisfaction – people with a high level of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress had greater life satisfaction than those with high levels of stress but low levels of fear of COVID-19. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, people experience significant stress and fear of infection, which negatively affect their life satisfaction. It can be assumed that during a global pandemic, most stressors are not directly linked to the risk of infection. Loss of job, isolation, lack of social support, or a total change in lifestyle may be more threatening to the well-being than the risk of infection, which many people do not consider as dangerous. Therefore, it can be assumed that people who experience a strong fear of COVID-19 may perceive inconveniences resulting from restrictions as less oppressive than people who do not feel fear.Background COVID-19 is a significant threat to human life and health. It makes people experience fear, stress, anxiety and mood disorders, which have a negative impact on their psychological well-being. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, perceived stress, and life satisfaction during the coronavirus pandemic. Participants and procedure 907 Polish people (522 women and 385 men) participated in this study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FOC-6) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used in the study. Results Fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress were positively correlated with each other and both negatively related to life satisfaction. Moderation analysis showed that fear of COVID-19 acted as a  buffer between perceived stress and life satisfaction – people with a high level of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress had greater life satisfaction than those with high levels of stress but low levels of fear of COVID-19. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, people experience significant stress and fear of infection, which negatively affect their life satisfaction. It can be assumed that during a global pandemic, most stressors are not directly linked to the risk of infection. Loss of job, isolation, lack of social support, or a total change in lifestyle may be more threatening to the well-being than the risk of infection, which many people do not consider as dangerous. Therefore, it can be assumed that people who experience a strong fear of COVID-19 may perceive inconveniences resulting from restrictions as less oppressive than people who do not feel fear

Multivalued SK-contractions with respect to b-generalized pseudodistances

A new class of multivalued non-self-mappings, called SK-contractions with respect to b-generalized pseudodistances, is introduced and used to investigate the existence of best proximity points by using an appropriate geometric property. Some new fixed point results in b-metric spaces are also obtained. Examples are given to support the usability of our main result

Generalization of Edelstein's fixed point theorem

Let i = 1 , . . . , n be metric spaces. Let T.,, df i = 1 , . . . , n be transformations mapping of B = X^ * . . . * XQ i n t o X^. itor any p o s i t i v e number a we define (cf. also [3]) Za = »x n ) 6 B s d i ^ i t 1 ! ^ » ' " i x n ) ] < a» i = 1 , . . . , n | . In [ l ] the following f i x e d point theorem has been proved, generalizing the Banach p r i n c i p l e for contraction maps ( c f . [4]): Let E be a metric space and T an operator which transforms E into i t s e l f . Suppose that d[T(x), T(y)] < d(x,y), x ^ y, x,y e E. Assume t h a t there e x i s t s x e E such that the sequence at i t e r a t e s {Tm(x)| contains a subsequence m I T (x)j convergent to a point u e E. Then u is a unique f i x e d point of T. The purpose of the present paper i s to prove (using the n o t a t i o n of t h e s e t s Za„ ) a f i x e d point theorem which generalize s the E d e l s t e i n ' s theorem and the r e s u l t in [5] (Fragment tekstu)

Alternative use of the cough drug - N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: a review of recent clinical trials

Introduction and purpose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is one of the more popular drugs, widely available in pharmacies, used to treat wet cough. NAC's diverse mechanism of action has drawn the attention of researchers for its great potential in the treatment of many conditions. Indeed, it has been noted that administration of NAC allows indirect modulation of the central nervous system, which may be important in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. The following review focuses on recent reports of NAC's potentially beneficial effects on psychiatric conditions such as depression, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. Description of the state of knowledge Based on studies conducted on animals (rats), a positive effect of NAC has been proven, observing a reduction in the severity of depressive symptoms. Based on the above data, more and more human studies are being conducted, where the effect of NAC on the symptoms of various mental conditions is being investigated. In recent years, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotransmitter function modulating effects of NAC on the brain have been proven, with significant potential in the treatment of mental illness. Conclusions The potential impact of NAC on the treatment of mental illness is a rapidly developing topic in recent years. On the basis of available scientific data, partial reduction of symptoms of mental illnesses through the use of NAC has been confirmed. It is a very promising drug, which in this indication requires additional studies to unequivocally confirm its beneficial effects on the functioning of the central nervous system