Policy Issues in U.S. Transportation Public-Private Partnerships: Lessons from Australia, Research Report 09-15

In this report, the authors examine Australia’s experience with transportation public-private partnerships (PPPs) and the lessons that experience holds for the use of PPPs in the United States. Australia now has decades of experience in PPP use in transportation, and has used the approach to deliver billions of dollars in project value. Although this report explores a range of issues, the authors focus on four policy issues that have been salient in the United States: (1) how the risks inherent in PPP contracts should be distributed across public and private sector partners; (2) when and how to use non-compete (or compensation) clauses in PPP contracts; (3) how concerns about monopoly power are best addressed; and (4) the role and importance of concession length. The study examines those and other questions by surveying the relevant literature on PPP international use. The authors also interviewed 23 Australian PPP experts from the academic, public and private sectors, and distilled lessons from those interviews

Wieszcz narodu tatarskiego (Gabdulla Tukaj)

Short overview on Tuqay's poetry

Как искать структуру в распаде? Анализ художественного пространства в произведениях Влодзимежа Одоевского

In this consideration of artistic space in the work of Włodzimierz Odojewski, the author aims not only to discuss one particular Polish writer, but also to demonstrate new practical possibilities of “spatial semiotics” in analysing modern literature, using conceptions derived from members of the Tartu-Moscow Group (Yu. Lotman, B. Uspienski, V. Toporov). Principles relating to the construction of the semiosphere, of which artistic space in the literary work is regarded as a model, are transferred to the ground of poetics. This approach opens up new interpretive possibilities of importance in investigating works like those of Odojewski, characterised by discontinuity of spatial topoi and a world structure incapable of being ordered