Intracellular interferons in fish : a unique means to combat viral infection

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Super Resolution Microscopy Reveals that Caveolin-1 Is Required for Spatial Organization of CRFB1 and Subsequent Antiviral Signaling in Zebrafish

10.1371/journal.pone.0068759PLoS ONE87-POLN

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens in West of Algeria

Modern poultry flocks undergo strong microbial pressure. Antibiotics can contribute to reduce bacterial infections. Their use increased these last years. Studies performed in Morocco and Algeria highlighted the importance of antibioresistance after excessive use of antibiotics in poultry breeding. In western Algeria, 240 strains of enterobacteriaceae were isolated according to usual bacteriological procedures. In order to assess antimicrobial resistance, the disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility (tetracycline (TE), enrofloxacin (ENR), trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole (SXT), amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (AMC), ceftiofur (KF), colistin (CT), neomycin (N), gentamicin (GN) and chloramphenicol (C) was applied (Antibioresistance Committee of the French Microbiology Society, 2010). All enterobacteriaceae strains isolated presented at least one resistance to those antibiotics. Escherichia coli counted for 47.5% of these strains (N=114). By omitting intermediate resistances, 28% of E. coli presented a resistance to at least 6 antibiotics and 31.6% to 5 antibiotics. In general, 90.35%, 79.82%, 70.17%, 92.10%, 62.28%, 31.57% and 21.05% of E. coli were resistant to, respectively, TE, ENR, SXT, AMC, KF, CT and N. Considering such a high resistance rate, it is strongly advised to implement epidemiological survey of bacterial resistances at the regional level

Genetic Resistance to Rhabdovirus Infection in Teleost Fish Is Paralleled to the Derived Cell Resistance Status

Genetic factors of resistance and predisposition to viral diseases explain a significant part of the clinical variability observed within host populations. Predisposition to viral diseases has been associated to MHC haplotypes and T cell immunity, but a growing repertoire of innate/intrinsic factors are implicated in the genetic determinism of the host susceptibility to viruses. In a long-term study of the genetics of host resistance to fish rhabdoviruses, we produced a collection of double-haploid rainbow trout clones showing a wide range of susceptibility to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus (VHSV) waterborne infection. The susceptibility of fibroblastic cell lines derived from these clonal fish was fully consistent with the susceptibility of the parental fish clones. The mechanisms determining the host resistance therefore did not associate with specific host immunity, but rather with innate or intrinsic factors. One cell line was resistant to rhabdovirus infection due to the combination of an early interferon IFN induction - that was not observed in the susceptible cells - and of yet unknown factors that hamper the first steps of the viral cycle. The implication of IFN was well consistent with the wide range of resistance of this genetic background to VSHV and IHNV, to the birnavirus IPNV and the orthomyxovirus ISAV. Another cell line was even more refractory to the VHSV infection through different antiviral mechanisms. This collection of clonal fish and isogenic cell lines provides an interesting model to analyze the relative contribution of antiviral pathways to the resistance to different viruses

Antibiotics resisdues in milk

Background: The microbiological quality of raw milk is relatively a new subject that interest more actors of milk production in Algeria. Until now, the raw milk collected presented a high rate of microbial contamination, prejudicial for human consumption and dairy processing. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the hygienic and sanitary quality of raw milk produced throughout three segments where milk is handled in Tizi Ouzou area (Algeria). Methodology: For this, 174 samples of raw milk were collected throughout farms, collectors and local markets and submitted for microbiological analysis. Results: The results of this study showed that microbial contamination of raw milk increase along the dairy chain. The mean log10 of TBC at farm level was 6.73±0.25 log10 CFU mL–1. This value increase to reach a load of 6.81±0.19 and 7.2±1.05 log10 CFU mL–1 at collection centers and market point

Survey of Infectious Etiologies of Bovine Abortion during Mid- to Late Gestation in Dairy Herds.

Bovine abortion of unknown infectious etiology still remains a major economic problem. Thus, we investigated whether Brucella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Coxiella burnetii are associated with abortion and/or stillbirth in Tunisian dairy cattle. Using a pan-Chlamydiales PCR, we also investigated the role of Chlamydiaceae, Waddlia chondrophila, Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and other members of the Chlamydiales order in this setting. Veterinary samples taken from mid to late-term abortions from twenty dairy herds were tested. From a total of 150 abortion cases collected, infectious agents were detected by PCR in 73 (48.66%) cases, 13 (8.66%) of which represented co-infections with two infectious agents. Detected pathogens include Brucella spp (31.3%), Chlamydiaceae (4.66%), Waddlia chondrophila (8%), Parachlamydia acanthamoebae (5.33%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.66%) and Salmonella spp. (3.33%). In contrast, Campylobacter spp. and Coxiella burnetii DNA were not detected among the investigated veterinary samples. This demonstrates that different bacterial agents may cause bovine abortion in Tunisia. This is the first report suggesting the role of Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in bovine abortion in Africa. Further studies with a larger number of samples are necessary to confirm whether this emerging pathogen is directly linked to abortion in cattle

Associations of Self-reported Musculoskeletal Pain and Depressive Symptoms among U.S. Healthcare Workers

Healthcare workers are prone to develop musculoskeletal pain because of the physical demands of their profession. While neck and back pain are believed to have a relationship with depression symptomatology, few studies have assessed this relationship among healthcare workers. The purposes of this study were to identify the: prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms among healthcare workers; association between musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms; and the association between musculoskeletal pain and severity of depressive symptomatology among those with self-reported depressive symptoms. Data from 1,205 healthcare workers in the 2018 National Health Insurance Survey were analyzed. In Phase 1, a logistic regression model was fitted to assess the relationship between self-reported neck and back pain and depressive symptoms. Then, in Phase 2, a logistic regression model was fitted for participants with self-reported depressive symptoms (n=501) to identify associations of neck and back pain with the severity of depressive symptomatology. About 74.9% of the study participants were female, 42.7% aged 41-64 years, 34.5% reported musculoskeletal pain, while 41.7% reported depressive symptoms. Low back pain was the most prevalent body pain (18.7%). Healthcare workers with neck pain only (OR=2.11, P=0.047), low back pain only (OR=2.19, PPHealthcare workers could benefit from multi-faceted public health interventions to simultaneously improve their musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms (e.g., ergonomic evaluation, stress management, one-on-one or group counseling)