Thermodynamic Interpretation of Field Equations at Horizon of BTZ Black Hole

A spacetime horizon comprising with a black hole singularity acts like a boundary of a thermal system associated with the notions of temperature and entropy. In case of static metric of BTZ black hole, the field equations near horizon boundary can be expressed as a thermal identity $dE = TdS + P_{r}dA$, where $E = M$ is the mass of BTZ black hole, $dA$ is the change in the area of the black hole horizon when the horizon is displaced infinitesimally small, $P_{r}$ is the radial pressure provided by the source of Einstein equations, $S= 4\pi a$ is the entropy and $T = \kappa / 2\pi$ is the Hawking temperature associated with the horizon. This approach is studied further to generalize it for non-static BTZ black hole and show that it is also possible to interpret the field equation near horizon as a thermodynamic identity $dE = TdS + P_{r}dA + \Omega_{+} dJ$, where $\Omega_{+}$ is the angular velocity and $J$ is the angular momentum of BTZ black hole. These results indicate that the field equations for BTZ black hole possess intrinsic thermodynamic properties near horizon.Comment: 8 page

Konflik Peran Ganda Karyawan Wanita dan Stres Kerja

The participation of women at this time rather than just demanding equal rights but also expresses its function has the meaning for the development of society Indonesia. conflict of dual role is the simultaneous occurrence of two or more role allotment, which is the fulfillment of a role that will give rise to difficulties in fulfilling the role of the other. Work-family conflict has two components, namely family affairs interfere with work, work-family conflict can arise due to the Affairs of the jobs came family. Conflicts arising as a result of household chores and all the consequences disrupt the performance of the functions of the employment of mothers in the workplace. An adaptive response, linked by characteristics and individual psychology or process which is a consecuetion of any external action, situation or event that puts the demands of special psychological and or physical person. The results of the work can be accomplished by a person or group of people in an organization in accordance with the authority and responsibility of their respective efforts in order to achieve the objectives of the Organization in question legally, does not violate the law and in accordance with morals or ethics. Double role conflict can have an impact on work stress, this shows the higher conflict dual role female employees, then the greater the also stress their work. The impact of the conflict on performance of dual role female employees indicating higher role conflict the women, then the lower the performance of them. Work stress is also impacting on the performance of female employees have, i.e. show the higher the stress of work, then the lower the pulakinerja female employee

MHD convective heat transfer of nanofluids through a flexible tube with buoyancy : a study of nano-particle shape effects

This paper presents an analytical study of magnetohydrodynamics and convective heat transfer of nanofluids synthesized by three different shaped (brick, platelet and cylinder) silver (Ag) nanoparticles in water. A two-phase nanoscale formulation is adopted which is more appropriate for biophysical systems. The flow is induced by metachronal beating of cilia and the flow geometry is considered as a cylindrical tube. The analysis is carried out under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations and the fluid and cilia dynamics is of the creeping type. A Lorentzian magnetic body force model is employed and magnetic induction effects are neglected. Solutions to the transformed boundary value problem are obtained via numerical integration. The influence of cilia length parameter, Hartmann (magnetic) number, heat absorption parameter, Grashof number (free convection), solid nanoparticle volume fraction, and cilia eccentricity parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics (including effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid) are examined in detail. Furthermore a comparative study for different nanoparticle geometries (i.e. bricks, platelets and cylinders) is conducted. The computations show that pressure increases with enhancing the heat absorption, buoyancy force (i.e. Grashof number) and nanoparticle fraction however it reduces with increasing the magnetic field. The computations also reveal that pressure enhancement is a maximum for the platelet nano-particle case compared with the brick and cylinder nanoparticle cases. Furthermore the quantity of trapped streamlines for cylinder type nanoparticles exceeds substantially that computed for brick and platelet nanoparticles, whereas the bolus magnitude (trapped zone) for brick nanoparticles is demonstrably greater than that obtained for cylinder and platelet nanoparticles.The present model is applicable in biological and biomimetic transport phenomena exploiting magnetic nanofluids and ciliated inner tube surfaces

Kajian Filsafat Ilmu Terhadap Ekonomi Islam

Islamic economics is based economy to a deity. Thesystem starts from God, intended end, and use the meanscannot be separated from the shari'ah. In addition to the basisof the deity, the Islamic economic system is also characterizedby humanity. Because of the humanitarian idea also comesfrom the Lord. The importance of establishing Islamic economicthought based, two arguments, first, the theological argument.Second, empirical philosophical arguments and factual.ملخص:ویستند الاقتصاد الاسلامي الاقتصاد إلى ألوھیة .بدء تشغیل النظام من لله،ویقصد لله نھایة، واستخدام وسائل لا یمكن فصلھا عن الشریعة الإسلامیة .بالإضافةإلى أساس للألوھیة، ویتمیز أیضا النظام الاقتصادي الإسلامي من قبل الإنسانیة .لأنالفكرة الإنسانیة یأتي أیضا من لله .ورأى أھمیة وضع الاقتصادي الإسلامي یستند،حجتان، الأولى، وحجة لاھوتیة .الثانیة، والحجج الفلسفیة التجریبیة والواقعیة

Pengaruh Audit Operasional dan Prosedur Persediaan Barang terhadap Efektivitas Persediaan Barang (Studi Kasus pada Pt.indomarco Prismatama Cabang Bandung) Juduxl Bahasa Inggris

In line with the development of the company, the management is required to manage the activities of company operations effectively. Operational audits is required in the management of inventory, that overcome the various issues that arise in management inventory. Meanwhile, procedure inventory needed as guidelines for employee in do activities warehousing. So at the end operational audits and procedure is expected to improve the effectiveness inventory. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of the operational audits and procedure inventory on effectiveness inventory. This Research use descriptive verification method . The population of this research is part of inventory admin, receiving, warehouse with sample of 53 respondents. The data  used in this research is primary data through questionnaires and interviews, and secondary data through library research. The methods of analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis, simultaneous test (F test) and partial test (t test). The result obtained of coefficient determination R Square is 76,1%. The result of this research indicate that simultaneously operational audist and procedure inventory significantly influence the effectiveness inventory, while operational audits partially not significantly influence the effectiveness inventory and procedure inventory significantly influence the effectiveness inventory

Pengaruh Temperatur Kalsinasi Pada Kaca FTO Yang Di-coating ZnO Terhadap Efisiensi DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell) Yang Menggunakan Dye Dari Buah Terung Belanda (Solanum Betaceum)

Penelitian mengenai dye sensitized solar cell dilakukan dengan dye dari ekstrak buah terung Belanda sebagai sumber energi alternatif dari tenaga surya. Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) dibuat dengan menggunakan semikonduktor ZnO yang dilapiskan pada kaca konduktif Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) dan dikalsinasi dengan variasi temperatur 5000C, 5500C, dan 6000C, dengan waktu tahan 30 menit pada tiap temperaturnya. Lapisan ZnO pada substrat dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan SEM dan XRD. Luas permukaan aktif diukur dengan pengujian BET. Hasil SEM menunjukkan ukuran bentuk partikel ZnO berupa hexagonal. Hasil XRD menunjukkan struktur kristal ZnO adalah Wurthzite. Luas permukaan aktif dibandingkan dengan hasil kelistrikan DSSC, yang selaras meningkat dari temperatur 5000C ke 5500C, namun menurun pada 6000C. Densitas arus dan voltase maksimum diperoleh pada variasi temperatur 550oC yaitu sebesar 0,591 mA/cm2 dan 1140 mV. Efisiensi maksimum yang diperoleh sebesar 0,150%. Karena sampel 550oC memiliki luas permukaan aktif paling besar 146,185 m2/gr

Pemasaran Beras Komersial Perum Bulog dengan Menggunakan Marketing Mix (Tinjauan pada Perum Bulog Divisi Regional Papua dan Papua Barat)

Dalam menjalankan pelayanan publik, peran dan fungsi Perum BULOG sangat mutlak mengelola single commodity berupa beras. Namun pada pelaksanaan tugas yang bersifat komersial memiliki kewenangan yang lebih luas untuk mengelola USAha multi komoditi termasuk komoditi pangan, seperti : gula, jagung, kedelai, dan sebagainya. Perum Bulog harus dapat merencanakan untuk membuka peluang bisnis perdagangan komersial khususnya beras untuk menembus beberapa segmentasi pasar dan bersaing dipasaran umum dengan mekanisme pasar seutuhnya untuk tujuan pencapaian keuntungan bagi Perusahaan. Perusahaan dapat menjelaskan secara detail semua kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pemasaran. Kegiatan pemasaran ini meliputi berbagai kegiatan, mulai dari penjelasan mengenai produk yang dijual/ditawarkan, desain produk, promosi produk, pengiklanan produk, komunikasi kepada konsumen, sampai pengiriman produk agar sampai ke tangan konsumen secara cepat. Perusahaan dapat mengenal dan memahami konsumen sedemikian rupa sehingga produk cocok dengan konsumen, sehingga diharapkan konsumen akan datang kembali untuk membeli produk tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan atau merebut pangsa pasar/market share serta untuk dapat menarik perhatian para konsumen yang menjadi target market atau target pasar, maka suatu Perusahaan sebaiknya menetapkan harga yang serendah mungkin

Correlation Between the Degree of Esophageal Varices and Liver Stiffness in Liver Cirrhosis Patients

Background: Bleeding due to rupture of esophageal varices is one of main cause of death in liver cirrhosis, that endoscopy screening is recommended. However endoscopy is invasive and frequently cannot be performed due to contraindication, high-cost or uncomfortable effect to the patients, particularly on patients have not had any bleeding before. Consequently, it is necessary to find other assessment which can predict the presence of esophageal varices. Recent studies found liver stiffness measurement by the liver transient-elastography is one of non invasive measurement to evaluate liver fibrosis.This study was designed to know the correlation between degree of the esophageal varices and the degree of liver stiffness. Method: This was cross sectional study. Liver cirrhosis patients were consecutively enrolled in this study. They underwent endoscopy to determine esophageal varices and subsequently the liver transient- elastography by Fibroscan technique to determine liver stiffness. Degree of the esophageal varices based on OMED criteria. Liver stiffness are expressed in kilopascal (kPa). Correlation analysis was done to assess this study. Result: There were 13 subjects. Most subjectswere male, age > 50 years and Child-Pugh A or B. The mean value of liver stiffness was 35.55 ± 23.60 kPa and mean OMED was 5.61 ± 2.14. The coefficient correlation between degree esophageal varices and degree liver stiffnes was 0.492, p = 0.087. Conclusion: There is moderate correlation but not statistically significant between the degree of liver stiffness and the degree of esophageal varices. Larger sample size is necessary to find the correlation between the degree of liver stiffness and esophageal varices

Ricci-flat Metrics with U(1) Action and the Dirichlet Boundary-value Problem in Riemannian Quantum Gravity and Isoperimetric Inequalities

The Dirichlet boundary-value problem and isoperimetric inequalities for positive definite regular solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations are studied in arbitrary dimensions for the class of metrics with boundaries admitting a U(1) action. We show that in the case of non-trivial bundles Taub-Bolt infillings are double-valued whereas Taub-Nut and Eguchi-Hanson infillings are unique. In the case of trivial bundles, there are two Schwarzschild infillings in arbitrary dimensions. The condition of whether a particular type of filling in is possible can be expressed as a limitation on squashing through a functional dependence on dimension in each case. The case of the Eguchi-Hanson metric is solved in arbitrary dimension. The Taub-Nut and the Taub-Bolt are solved in four dimensions and methods for arbitrary dimension are delineated. For the case of Schwarzschild, analytic formulae for the two infilling black hole masses in arbitrary dimension have been obtained. This should facilitate the study of black hole dynamics/thermodynamics in higher dimensions. We found that all infilling solutions are convex. Thus convexity of the boundary does not guarantee uniqueness of the infilling. Isoperimetric inequalities involving the volume of the boundary and the volume of the infilling solutions are then investigated. In particular, the analogues of Minkowski's celebrated inequality in flat space are found and discussed providing insight into the geometric nature of these Ricci-flat spaces.Comment: 40 pages, 3 figure