PCSK9 inhibitors – Clinical viability and practical considerations

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory bodies recently approved Praluent (alirocumab) and Repatha (evolocumab) for patients with hereditary forms of high cholesterol and those with cardiovascular disease. These drugs belong to a potent new class of injectable LDL-lowering drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors. Repatha was approved to treat patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and patients with the rarer homozygous (HoFH) form of the disease. It was also approved for patients with cardiovascular disease including heart attack or stroke, who require additional cholesterol lowering. The scope of the approval was similar to the approval given to the Regeneron drug, Praluent (alirocumab), which was approved for patients with cardiovascular disease and those with HeFH

Role of multimeric forms of adiponectin in metabolic disorders

Adiponectin, also called Acrp30, is a 30-kDa protein that circulates in the blood at high levels (2-10 µg/ml in human) and constitutes 0.01% of the total plasma protein. In contrast to other adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin is believed to be an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing hormone whose levels are reduced in obesity. Adiponectin can exist in the blood as a trimer, with the potential to associate into hexamers and ï¬nally into multimers of high molecular weight (HMW) species. Adiponectin primarily mediates its insulin-sensitizing effects through various signaling proteins including the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of adiponectin are mediated by direct activation of PI3K-Akt pathway. Interestingly adiponectin is also reported to decrease body weight by centrally mediated stimulation of energy expenditur

SGLT-2 inhibitors – are they to stay?

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a newer class of Type 2 diabetes medications. The drugs are rapidly growing in popularity. In the period between October 2014 and September 2015, doctors wrote 1.5 million prescriptions for Invokana or Farxiga (dapagliflozin), according to the FDA. They also come in extended formulas and in formulas combined with metformin. These drugs work by preventing the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar and releasing it into the blood. But, what makes these medications so effective, could also contribute to a number of side effects. Beginning in December 2015, the FDA released a number of warnings linking these drugs to a number of side effects, some can be fatal. These range from common ones like yeast infections to more dangerous, rare problems like a link to increased bladder cancer risk and diabetic ketoacidosi

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE AWARENESS ON IMPORTANCE OF ANTENATAL EXERCISE AMONG ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KELAMBAKKAM, KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMILNADU

A descriptive study to assess the mother’s knowledge on antenatal exercise. The research setting in study was conducted at the Obstetrical and Gynecological outpatient department, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The sample participation was voluntary 30 samples was used in the study. Data was collected for the period of 1 week, research tool was structured interview schedule to assess the demographic profile of the sample and structured questionnaire to assess the mother’s knowledge on antenatal exercise, inadequate knowledge level of frequency was 28 and percentage is 47%, moderate knowledge level of frequency was 2 and percentage is 53%, adequate knowledge level of frequency and percentage was 0%

Exploring genetic variability, diversity and trait associations in sunnhemp (Crotolaria juncea L.) accessions for yield improvement

Sunnhemp (Crotolaria juncea L.) is an important fibre crop known for its rapid growth and ability to improve soil fertility, making it a vital component of sustainable agriculture. However, to enhance its productivity and meet the increasing demand for high-quality fibre, it is crucial to identify and utilize genetically diverse genotypes with superior yield traits. The present study was conducted at the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, during the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022 to assess genetic variability and character association for yield and its component traits among 67 sunnhemp genotypes. Multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, were conducted using R software to dissect the phenotypic diversity among the genotypes. The results revealed substantial genetic variability for yield and its associated traits, indicating a promising potential for genetic improvement. Genotypes ADSH 1750, ADSH 1701, ADSH 1736, ADSH 1715, and ADSH 1742 exhibited superior performance in key yield-related traits, making them valuable candidates for future breeding programs focused on developing high-yielding, high-fibre varieties. Cluster analysis delineated four distinct clusters, with Clusters I and IV showing significant divergence and highlighting the presence of unique genetic material. Key plant production traits such as plant height, leaf breadth, basal stem diameter, yield, and number of leaves were the primary contributors to the first two principal components. These findings suggest that direct selection based on these traits could effectively improve biomass yield in future sunnhemp breeding efforts, contributing to the advancement of sustainable fibre crop production

In Vitro Callus Proliferation from Leaf Explants of Green Gram after In Situ UV-B Exposure

Callus induction was tried with leaf explants (third leaf from top of canopy) harvested from in situ control and supplementary UV-B irradiated (UV-B = 2 hours daily @ 12.2 kJ m-2 d-1; ambient = 10 kJ m-2 d-1) three varieties of green gram viz. CO-8, NVL-585 and VAMBAN-2 to study their viability for germplam conservation. Callus induction occurred both in control and UV-B stressed NVL-585 leaf explants. VAMBAN-2 both in unstressed and UV-B stressed conditions did not initiate callus. Only control leaf explants from CO-8 proliferated callus. Callus of UV-B irradiated NVL-585 weighed less (51.28 %) than control. Parenchyma cells were smaller in callus inducted from in situ UV-B exposed NVL-585 leaf explants. The leaf explants from UV-B stressed NVL-585 varieties of green gram responded to in vitro callus proliferation making them fit for germplasm conservation for cultivating in UV-B elevated environment.Int J ApplSci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 82-91</jats:p

Detection of skin cancer- A genetic algorithm approach

In the present scenario skin cancer is found highly risk in human beings. Many forms of skin cancer are affecting the human life. Among the form of skin cancer the unpredictable diseases is Melanoma cancer. Skin cancer the fatal form is primarily diagnosed visually leads to death, if not diagnosed in its early stage. It can be identified by tedious lab testing with more time and cost. There are vast numbers of computational techniques helpful to predict diseases. A challenging task in skin lesion classification is due to the smooth variation, in the appearance of skin lesions. Image processing techniques like segmentation is used in medical science to identify the region of significance.. This paper focuses Genetic algorithms by means of adaptive parameters (adaptive genetic algorithms, AGAs), an important and promising alternative to genetic algorithms. The extent for accurate solution and convergence speed is significantly measured by employing of crossover along with mutation from which genetic algorithms appear.</jats:p

COEFFICIENT ESTIMATES FOR CERTAIN SUBCLASSES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HORADAM POLYNOMIAL

In this present article, we studied and examined the novel general subclasses of the function class $\Sigma$ of bi-univalent function defined in the open unit disk, which are associated with the Horadam polynomial. This study locates estimates on the Taylor - Maclaurin coefficients $|a_{2}|$ {\it and} $|a_{3}|$ in functions of the class which are considered. Additionally, Fekete-Szeg\"{o} inequality of functions belonging to this subclasses are also obtained.</jats:p