Simultaneous photocatalytic production of H₂ and acetal from ethanol with quantum efficiency over 73% by protonated poly(heptazine imide) under visible light

In this work, protonated poly(heptazine imide) (H-PHI) was obtained by adding acid to the suspension of potassium PHI (K-PHI) in ethanol. It was established that the obtained H-PHI demonstrates very high photocatalytic activity in the reaction of hydrogen formation from ethanol in the presence of Pt nanoparticles under visible light irradiation in comparison with K-PHI. This enhancement can be attributed to improved efficiency of photogenerated charge transfer to the photocatalyst’s surface, where redox processes occur. Various factors influencing the system’s activity were evaluated. Notably, it was discovered that the conditions of acid introduction into the system can significantly affect the size of Pt (cocatalyst metal) deposition on the H-PHI surface, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic system’s stability in producing molecular hydrogen. It was established that the system can operate efficiently in the presence of air without additional components on the photocatalyst surface to block air access. Under optimal conditions, the apparent quantum yield of molecular hydrogen production at 410 nm is around 73%, the highest reported value for carbon nitride materials to date. The addition of acid not only increases the activity of the reduction part of the system but also leads to the formation of a value-added product from ethanol–1,1-diethoxyethane (acetal) with high selectivity

Green light photoelectrocatalysis with sulfur-doped carbon nitride : using triazole-purpald for enhanced benzylamine oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions

Materials dictate carbon neutral industrial chemical processes. Visible-light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in exploiting solar irradiation. Anionic doping via pre-organization of precursors and further co-polymerization creates tuneable semiconductors. Triazole derivative-purpald, an unexplored precursor with sulfur (S) container, combined in different initial ratios with melamine during one solid-state polycondensation with two thermal steps yields hybrid S-doped carbon nitrides (C3N4). The series of S-doped/C3N4-based materials show enhanced optical, electronic, structural, textural, and morphological properties and exhibit higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar energy storage (capacitor brief investigation). 50M-50P exhibits the highest photooxidation conversion (84 ± 3%) of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm – green light for 48 h, due to a discrete shoulder (≈700) nm, high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, structural defects by layer distortion, and 10–16 nm pores with arbitrary depth. This work innovates by studying the concomitant relationships between: 1) the precursor decomposition while C3N4 is formed, 2) the insertion of S impurities, 3) the S-doped C3N4 property-activity relationships, and 4) combinatorial surface, bulk, structural, optical, and electronic characterization analysis. This work contributes to the development of disordered long-visible-light photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and storage

Green light photoelectrocatalysis with sulfur-doped carbon nitride : using triazole-purpald for enhanced benzylamine oxidation and oxygen evolution reactions

Novel high performing materials will dictate the pace of reinventing industrial chemical processes to attain desired carbon neutrality targets. Regarding the urgency of exploiting solar irradiation long range visible-light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in the aforementioned effort. Anionic doping via co-polymerization and pre-organization of precursors results in tuneable and extrinsic semiconductors, making this a highly attractive methodology. Triazole derivative-purpald, an unexplored precursor but sulfur (S) container, combined with melamine during one solid-state polycondensation reaction with two thermal steps leads to S-doped carbon nitrides (C34). The series of S-doped/CN4-based materials demonstrated enhanced optical, electronic, structural, geometric, textural, and morphological properties and exhibited higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar storing energy (capacitor brief investigation) than references. Among the five composites, 50M-50P exhibited the highest photooxidation conversion yield (84±3%) of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm – green light for 48h, due to an extra discrete shoulder reaching ~700 nm, an unusual high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, rare deep structural defects by layer distortion, hydrophobic surface, low porosity, and 10-16 nm pores. An in-depth analysis of S doping was investigated coupling x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and elemental analysis, providing insights on bonds, distribution, and surface/bulk content. This work contributes to the development of amorphous photocatalysts with long-visible-light range for solar energy conversion and storage

Green Light Photoelectrocatalysis with Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nitride: Using Triazole-Purpald for Enhanced Benzylamine Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Materials dictate carbon neutral industrial chemical processes. Visible-light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in exploiting solar irradiation. Anionic doping via pre-organization of precursors and further co-polymerization creates tuneable semiconductors. Triazole derivative-purpald, an unexplored precursor with sulfur (S) container, combined in different initial ratios with melamine during one solid-state polycondensation with two thermal steps yields hybrid S-doped carbon nitrides (C3N4). The series of S-doped/C3N4-based materials show enhanced optical, electronic, structural, textural, and morphological properties and exhibit higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar energy storage (capacitor brief investigation). 50M-50P exhibits the highest photooxidation conversion (84 ± 3%) of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm – green light for 48 h, due to a discrete shoulder (≈700) nm, high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, structural defects by layer distortion, and 10–16 nm pores with arbitrary depth. This work innovates by studying the concomitant relationships between: 1) the precursor decomposition while C3N4 is formed, 2) the insertion of S impurities, 3) the S-doped C3N4 property-activity relationships, and 4) combinatorial surface, bulk, structural, optical, and electronic characterization analysis. This work contributes to the development of disordered long-visible-light photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and storage

Spatial Distribution of Calcium-Gated Chloride Channels in Olfactory Cilia

Background: In vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons, sensory cilia transduce odor stimuli into changes in neuronal membrane potential. The voltage changes are primarily caused by the sequential openings of two types of channel: a cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) cationic channel and a calcium-gated chloride channel. In frog, the cilia are 25 to 200 mm in length, so the spatial distributions of the channels may be an important determinant of odor sensitivity. Principal Findings: To determine the spatial distribution of the chloride channels, we recorded from single cilia as calcium was allowed to diffuse down the length of the cilium and activate the channels. A computational model of this experiment allowed an estimate of the spatial distribution of the chloride channels. On average, the channels were concentrated in a narrow band centered at a distance of 29 % of the ciliary length, measured from the base of the cilium. This matches the location of the CNG channels determined previously. This non-uniform distribution of transduction proteins is consistent with similar findings in other cilia. Conclusions: On average, the two types of olfactory transduction channel are concentrated in the same region of the cilium

Green Light Photoelectrocatalysis with Sulfur Doped Carbon Nitride Using Triazole Purpald for Enhanced Benzylamine Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Materials dictate carbon neutral industrial chemical processes. Visible light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in exploiting solar irradiation. Anionic doping via pre organization of precursors and further co polymerization creates tuneable semiconductors. Triazole derivative purpald, an unexplored precursor with sulfur S container, combined in different initial ratios with melamine during one solid state polycondensation with two thermal steps yields hybrid S doped carbon nitrides C3N4 . The series of S doped C3N4 based materials show enhanced optical, electronic, structural, textural, and morphological properties and exhibit higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar energy storage capacitor brief investigation . 50M 50P exhibits the highest photooxidation conversion 84 3 of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm green light for 48 h, due to a discrete shoulder amp; 8776;700 nm, high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, structural defects by layer distortion, and 10 16 nm pores with arbitrary depth. This work innovates by studying the concomitant relationships between 1 the precursor decomposition while C3N4 is formed, 2 the insertion of S impurities, 3 the S doped C3N4 property activity relationships, and 4 combinatorial surface, bulk, structural, optical, and electronic characterization analysis. This work contributes to the development of disordered long visible light photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and storag

Limits of Calcium Clearance by Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase in Olfactory Cilia

BACKGROUND: In any fine sensory organelle, a small influx of Ca(2+) can quickly elevate cytoplasmic Ca(2+). Mechanisms must exist to clear the ciliary Ca(2+) before it reaches toxic levels. One such organelle has been well studied: the vertebrate olfactory cilium. Recent studies have suggested that clearance from the olfactory cilium is mediated in part by plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In the present study, electrophysiological assays were devised to monitor cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) in single frog olfactory cilia. Ca(2+) was allowed to enter isolated cilia, either through the detached end or through membrane channels. Intraciliary Ca(2+) was monitored via the activity of ciliary Ca(2+)-gated Cl(-) channels, which are sensitive to free Ca(2+) from about 2 to 10 microM. No significant effect of MgATP on intraciliary free Ca(2+) could be found. Carboxyeosin, which has been used to inhibit PMCA, was found to substantially increase a ciliary transduction current activated by cyclic AMP. This increase was ATP-independent. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative explanations are suggested for two previous experiments taken to support a role for PMCA in ciliary Ca(2+) clearance. It is concluded that PMCA in the cilium plays a very limited role in clearing the micromolar levels of intraciliary Ca(2+) produced during the odor response

Epidamaeus munkhbayari Bayartogtokh, sp. nov.

Epidamaeus munkhbayari Bayartogtokh, sp. nov. (Figs 1–7) Diagnosis. Prodorsum with a pair of central swellings at level of legs I, surrounded laterally by distinct semicircular ridges; another pair of semicircular ridges developed between alveoli of interlamellar setae, with pair of small tubercles at its posterior end. Prodorsal tubercle Ba well developed, enantiophyses A and D absent. Sensillus medium long, thin, with minute sparse barbs, sometimes covered with conglomerate of cerotegument in distal half, finely attenuate. Prodorsal setae mostly smooth except sensillus. Notogaster without exuvial scalp or adherent debris. Notogastral setae aligned in two subparallel rows, except c 1 directed posteriad, medium long, thin, mostly smooth, with basal vane; spina adnata of moderate size. Tectum of podocephalic fossa conspicuously developed, laterally produced as relatively short, subtriangular tooth underneath trochanter I; ventral tubercles E 2 a, Va and Vp well developed; epimeral setae 1 b, 1 c and 3 a inserted on large tubercles. Setae d on genua I–III nearly as long as their associated solenidia σ. Juveniles unpigmented, most part of body and legs covered with granular cerotegument. In larva, pair of rostral as well as lamellar setae inserted close to one another, nearly in square, but in nymphs these setae spaced widely, inserted in transversally elongated rectangle. Sensilli setiform, smooth in larva and deutonymph, but scarcely barbed in tritonymph. Most dorsal gastronotic setae very long, except for shorter setae c 3, la, lm in larva, and seta c 3 in nymphs. Seta h 3 present in larva; cornicle thick, elongate and tapered terminally, located at level of seta h 3; nymphs carry exuviae of previous instars. Adult. Dimensions. Body length 427–494 (464) Μm; length of notogaster 278–366 (323) Μm; width of notogaster 262–317 (298) Μm. Totally 16 specimens were measured. Integument. Adult yellowish brown. Surface of body and legs with thick cerotegument having granular to short columnar excrescences. Cuticle microtuberculate conspicuously on lateral regions of prodorsum and around leg acetabula I and II. Exuvial scalps and adherent debris absent. Prodorsum (Figs 1, 4). Rostrum rounded in dorsal view, but slightly projecting anteroventrally in lateral view. With pair of central swellings at level of legs I (above sigillae for cheliceral retractor muscles), surrounded laterally by distinct semicircular ridges (Figs 1 A, D, 4 A, H). Another pair of semicircular ridges developed between alveoli of interlamellar setae, with pair of small tubercles at posterior end (Figs 1 A, D, 4 G, H). Development degree of these two pairs of ridges different in various specimens. Prodorsal enantiophyses A and D absent. Postbothridial tubercle Ba well developed, nearly triangular in shape, its tip usually rounded, but sometimes acute (Figs 1 A, D, 4 E). Propodolateral apophysis absent. Prodorsal setae mostly smooth, only sensillus with sparse weak barbs. Rostral seta (ro) 58–80 Μm in length, thin; lamellar seta (le) 64–90 Μm long, thin; interlamellar seta (in) 42–64 Μm long, slightly thinner than ro and le, directed posteromediad; exobothridial seta (ex) 35–42 Μm long. Sensillus (ss) 144–150 Μm long, thin, with minute sparse barbs, finely attenuate, but not flagellate; sometimes covered with conglomerate of cerotegument in distal half (Figs 1 B, 4 F). Bothridium typical of family, irregularly funnel-shaped, directed posterolaterad, with large opening (Figs. 1 B, 4 G). Notogaster (Figs 1, 4). Almost circular, slightly longer than wide, without exuvial scalp or adherent debris. Spinae adnatae (sa) thin, moderate length (80–96 Μm), in dorsal view directed anteromedially, but slightly incurved dorsally in lateral view; mutual distance slightly greater than that of setal pair c 2 (Figs, 1 A, D, 4 D, H). Notogastral setae appear thin, with minute barbs; setae of c - and l -series 67–74 Μm, h -series 61–67 Μm, p -series 29–38 Μm in length. As viewed in dorsal aspect, seta c 1 directed anteriorly, c 2, l - and h rows directed posteriorly, whereas setae of p rows directed laterally. Lyrifissures ia, im, ih, ip, ips and opisthosomal gland opening (gla) well developed (Fig. 1 A, C). Gnathosoma (Figs. 1 C, 3 D, E). Subcapitular mentum slightly wider than long. Mentum microtuberculate, subcapitular setae h 38–51 Μm, m 35–48 Μm, a 22–29 Μm long, thin, with minute barbs. Chelicera 109 Μm in length, fixed and movable digits with three blunt teeth on each; setae cha and chb finely barbed (Fig. 3 D). Palp slender, 106 Μm in length, palpal setation: 0–2 – 1–3 – 9, including solenidion (Fig. 3 E). Epimeral region (Figs 1 C, 4 B, C). Tectum of podocephalic fossa conspicuously developed, laterally produced as relatively short, subtriangular tooth (t) directed underneath trochanter I (Fig. 1 C). Epimeral tubercle E 2 a, ventrosejugal tubercles Va and Vp well developed, large, subtriangular, nearly rounded at tip (Figs 1 C, 4 B). Parastigmatic tubercles Sa subtriangular, elongate, slightly longer than nearly pentagonal, blunter Sp. Discidium (di) nearly triangular, acute at tip. Epimeral setae thin, with minute barbs; setae 1 b, 1 c and 3 a inserted on large tubercles, whereas other setae situated on small tubercles (Fig. 1 C); seta 1a 26 Μm, 1 b 61 Μm, 1 c 38 Μm, 2a 29 Μm, 3a 35 Μm, 3 b 32 Μm, 3 c 32 Μm, 4a 38 Μm, 4 b 42 Μm, 4 c 48 Μm and 4 d 42 Μm in length. Epimeral setal formula: 3 – 1–3 – 4. Ano - genital region (Fig. 1 C, D). Anal and genital plates almost smooth, with sparse microtubercles. Anogenital setae thin, smooth, genital setae 29–32 Μm, aggenital seta 38 Μm, anal setae 38–45 Μm, adanal setae 32–35 Μm in length. Adanal lyrifissure (iad) situated obliquely, at level slightly anterior to anal seta an 2. Legs (Figs 2, 3 A, B, C). Structure of legs I–IV typical for genus, sub-moniliform. Trochanter and femur IV subequal in length; each with distal tectum rounded, not projecting. Setae d on genua I–III nearly as long as their associated solenidia σ; solenidia φ 1 of tibia I and ω 1 of tarsus I situated on distinct dorsal projections. Formula of leg setation (including famulus): I (1–7 – 4 – 4–20), II (1–6 – 4 – 4–17), III (2–4 – 3 – 3–17); IV (1–4 – 3 – 3–14); formula of solenidia: I (1–2 – 2); II (1 – 1–2); III (1 – 1 –0); IV (0–1 –0). Homology of leg setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 1. *Though the protonymph is unknown, its probable setal complement is hypothesized in this table; Norton (1977 b) found no variation in protonymphal setation of Damaeidae. Larva, deutonymph and tritonymph. Dimensions. Body length of larvae 282–333 (313) µm, width of gastronotum 157–192 (171) µm; body length of deutonymph 360 µm, width of gastronotum 192 µm; body length of tritonymph: 403 µm, width of gastronotum 221 µm. Three larvae, one deutonymph and one tritonymph were measured. Integument. Body cuticle pale to light brownish. Prodorsum, epimeral region and legs with tuberculate cerotegument. Tubercles of medium size, round to conical. Cuticle of medio-basal part of gastronotum with minute granules. Nymphs with firmly attached exuvial scalps of previous instars, but no adherent debris. Prodorsum (Figs 5 A, 6 A, 7 A). Subtriangular, relatively short, about 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 length of gastronotum. Rostrum rounded, rostral setae setiform, smooth, conspicuously shorter and thinner than lamellar setae, both setae without cerotegument; mutual distance between pairs of setae ro–ro and le–le in larva much shorter than those in nymphs. Interlamellar seta longer, but thinner, distally pointed in larva than relatively short, truncate, blunt ended seta in nymphs; exobothridial seta medium long, pointed distally, similar in size in all studied stages. Sensillus setiform, medium long, smooth in larva and deutonymph, but with fine barbs in tritonymph. Bothridium irregular funnel shaped, with large opening in all studied juvenile instars. Gastronotic region (Figs 5, 6, 7). Slightly elongate, with large posterior excrescences bearing setae dp in larva and h 1 in nymphs. Gastronotic setae inserted on isolated sclerotized tubercles, except for tubercles of pairs c 1 and dp, each respectively connected by inconspicuous medial sclerite in larva. Larva with 12 pairs of gastronotic setae (с 1 – с 3, da, dm, dp, la, lm, lp, h 1 – h 3); most of dorsal setae very long, but setae с 3, la, lm, h 2 and h 3 relatively short. Cupules ia, ih, ip and opisthosomal gland opening (gla) well developed. Deutonymph and tritonymph with 12 pairs of gastronotic setae (с 1 – с 3, la, lm, lp, h 1 – h 3, p 1 – p 3); most of dorsal setae very long, raised and inserted on large sclerites; setae с 3, p 1 – p 3 relatively short; p 2 and p 3 much thinner than other setae, slightly flagellate distally. Cupules ia, ih, ips and opisthosomal gland openings (gla) clearly developed. Cornicle (k) by which gastronotic exuviae of previous instars firmly attached, thick, elongate and tapered terminally, inserted at level of seta h 2. Protonymphal exuvial scalp of reticulate granular sculpture (Fig. 6 C), without additional adherent materials, firmly fastened to gastronotum, and located directly over the central region; with eight pairs of setae (с 1, с 2, la, lm, lp, h 1 – h 3). Setation of gastronotum in tritonymph same as in previous nymphal instar, but setae p 2 and p 3 stronger in older stages. Gnathosoma (Figs 5 B, 6 B, 7 B). Subcapitular setae a, m and h setiform, smooth, distinctly shorter in larva and deutonymph than those in tritonymph. Adoral setae short, thin, smooth. Palp with setation 0–1 – 1–3 – 9 (+ω) in larva and 0–2 – 1–3 – 9 (+ω) in nymphs. Solenidion (ω) of palptarsus thickened, straight, blunt-ended. Chelicera with two setiform setae, cha longer than chb. Trägårdh’s organ (Tg) inconspicuous. Epimeral region (Figs 5 B, 6 B, 7 B). Epimeral setae simple, thin, smooth, without cerotegument; seta 1 b in larva inserted on distinct tubercle; setae 1 b and 3 b in deutonymph distinctly longer than other setae, and 3 c, 4 a and 4 b slightly longer than other setae. Setal formula of epimeres of larva: 2 – 1–2, third seta (1 c, not included in formula) of the first epimere forms protective scale over Claparède’s organ; deutonymph: 3 – 1–2 – 2; tritonymph: 3 – 1–3 – 3. Ano-genital region (Figs 5 B, 6 B, 7 B). Genital papillae of deutonymph different in size and shape, but similar in tritonymph. Three pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital and three pairs of adanal setae in deutonymph; five pairs of genital, two pairs of anal setae in tritonymph. All genital, aggenital, anal and adanal setae thin, smooth. Cupules iad, ih, ip and ips appearing in normal ontogenetic pattern. Legs. Most setae of legs long, finely barbed except short and smooth setae p. Tibia I with dorsal apophysis bearing very long, flagellate solenidion φ 1 and its coupled seta d. Tibiae II, III and genia I–III with coupled setae d and respective solenidia. Famulus regressive, sunken, submerged in fovea with sclerotized, cup-like elevated rim. Formulas of leg setation for larva: I (0– 2 – 3–4 – 16), II (0– 2 – 3 – 3–13), III (0– 2 – 2–3 – 13), formula of solenidia: I (1 – 1 – 1), II (1 – 1 – 1), III (1 – 1 –0); deutonymph: I (1–4 – 4–5 – 16), II (1–4 – 4 – 4–13), III (2–3 – 3–4 – 13), IV (1–2 – 3 – 3–12), formula of solenidia: I (1–2 – 2), II (1 – 1–2), III (1 – 1 –0); IV (0–1 –0); tritonymph: I (1–5 – 4–5 – 18), II (1–4 – 4–5 – 15), III (2–3 – 3–4 – 15), IV (1–3 – 3–4 – 12), formula of solenidia: I (1–2 – 2), II (1 – 1–2), III (1 – 1 –0); IV (0–1 –0). Homology of leg setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 1. Material examined. Holotype (male): Khuitnii-Am area, Mts. Mongol Altai, close to Lake Dayan, District Sagsai, Province Bayan-Ulgii, foliose and subfruticose lichens growing on larch tree barks (Larix sibiricus Ledebour, 1833), N 48 o 14 ’, E 88 o 55 ’, elevation 2356 m a.s.l., 18 July 2010, Col. B. Bayartogtokh; 16 paratypes (10 females and six males): same data as holotype, but 11 specimens were found in lichens growing on tree trunks, while five of them in lichens growing on bare rocks. Three larvae, one deutonymph and one tritonymph: same data as adults. The holotype and 10 paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and six paratypes are in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Goerlitz. The immatures are preserved in the collection of Department of Biology, National University of Mongolia. All type specimens are preserved in alcohol. Remarks. Adults of Epidamaeus munkhbayari sp. nov. can be readily distinguished form all other known species of Epidamaeus in having the combination of 1) the two pairs of well-developed prodorsal ridges; 2) the presence of ventral tubercles E 2 a, Va and Vp on epimeral region; 3) the short, thin interlamellar seta; 4) the welldeveloped tectum of podocephalic fossa laterally produced as relatively short subtriangular tooth. As far as we know, the presence of two pairs of semicircular ridges on prodorsum is unknown in Epidamaeus, which makes the present new species clearly different from the others. Larvae and nymphs of this new species differ from those of other species of Epidamaeus, the immature morphology of which is known, by the 1) relatively short sensillii (nearly twice shorter) as opposed to the very long sensilli in juveniles of the other species; 2) smooth gastronotic setae lp in contrast to the distinctly barbed setae in juveniles of the other species, and 3) relatively larger body size of larva and nymphs (see Table 3). Etymology. The present species is named in honor of Dr. Khorloo Munkhbayar, professor emeritus of the Department of Biology, Mongolian State University of Education, on the occasion of his 75 th birthday. His superb teaching and enthusiasm for zoology and ecology influenced the lives and careers of many students. Distribution and habitat ecology. Currently this species is known only from the type locality, Mongol Altai mountains in western Mongolia, where cool temperate coniferous forests with alpine vegetation grow. Both the adults and immature of this species have been found in foliose or subfruticose lichens growing on bare rocks (Xantoria candelaria, Melanelixia exasperatula, Parmelia sulcata) and fruticose lichens (Usnea sp.) growing on larch trees. This finding is indicated that E. munkhbayari sp. nov. inhabits and feeds on lichens growing on trees as well as bare rocks.Published as part of Bayartogtokh, Badamdorj, Burkitbaeva, Ulzhan D. & Enkhbayar, Tojoo, 2016, Lichenophilous species of Epidamaeus and Spatiodamaeus from high mountains of Mongolia, with remarks on their ontogeny (Acari: Oribatida), pp. 451-474 in Zootaxa 4097 (3) on pages 453-462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27108