The Bridgwater Infant Welfare Centre, 1922-1939: from an authoritarian concern with 'welfare mothers' to a more inclusive community health project?

The infant welfare movement in Britain has received considerable scholarly attention but continues to generate controversy and debate. Many of the services began with nineteenth-century voluntary initiative but were later developed by local authorities. Critics have drawn attention to the limitations of such provision; arguing that it was predicated on unattractive assumptions about class and gender roles. Under this interpretation working-class mothers were viewed with suspicion and targeted for advice aimed at inculcating middle-class standards of childcare and housekeeping. This paper accepts that there was an authoritarian character to much of the early welfare work but suggests that over time this gave way to more inclusive approaches that sought to provide clients with the services that met their real rather than assumed needs. This paper reviews the recent historiography, develops an overview of national trends, and then takes a detailed look at the Bridgwater Infant Welfare Centre. The case study benefi ts from unusually comprehensive records and, by drawing on evidence from a small Somerset town, adds to our understanding of infant welfare work that has previously been developed from research on major urban centres.Wellcome Trust Fellowshi

Community involvement in dengue vector control: cluster randomised trial

Objective To assess the effectiveness of an integrated community based environmental management strategy to control Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, compared with a routine strategy

Early programming of the oocyte epigenome temporally controls late prophase I transcription and chromatin remodelling

Oocytes are arrested for long periods of time in the prophase of the first meiotic division (prophase I). As chromosome condensation poses significant constraints to gene expression, the mechanisms regulating transcriptional activity in the prophase I-arrested oocyte are still not entirely understood. We hypothesized that gene expression during the prophase I arrest is primarily epigenetically regulated. Here we comprehensively define the Drosophila female germ line epigenome throughout oogenesis and show that the oocyte has a unique, dynamic and remarkably diversified epigenome characterized by the presence of both euchromatic and heterochromatic marks. We observed that the perturbation of the oocyte's epigenome in early oogenesis, through depletion of the dKDM5 histone demethylase, results in the temporal deregulation of meiotic transcription and affects female fertility. Taken together, our results indicate that the early programming of the oocyte epigenome primes meiotic chromatin for subsequent functions in late prophase I

Validación de una guía de enfermería para valorar el autocuidado en personas que viven con SIDA

Introducción: La literatura reporta dificultades del personal de enfermería para realizar la valoración. Existen modelos Teóricos que pautan la valoración, uno de ellos es la Teoría de Orem; la cual permite a estos profesionales detectar el déficit de autocuidado y satisfacer su demanda. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una guía de valoración de enfermería basada en la Teoría de Orem, para personas que viven con sida. Métodos: El estudio tuvo cuatro fases. En la primera, se diseñó la guía de valoración. Las fases dos y tres, consistieron en la validación de contenido por juicio de expertos. En la cuarta, se realizó el análisis de confiabilidad mediante estudio piloto con 12 enfermeras asistenciales. Se utilizó el coeficiente V de Aiken para evaluar el grado de acuerdo entre expertos. Se calculó el Alfa de Cronbach y el coeficiente de correlación rho de Spearman para determinar la confiabilidad test-retest. Resultados: Se obtuvo una validez de contenido con valores de V de Aiken superiores a 0.90 en todas las categorías. Hubo total coincidencia entre los expertos en la validación ítem a ítem. Se obtuvo un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.54 de confiabilidad. El coeficiente rho de Spearman (0.93) evidenció una correlación positiva en el análisis test-retest. Discusión: El modelo enfermero utilizado conlleva a una mejora en las observaciones de enfermería. Conclusiones: La guía validada ilustra la aplicación práctica de la Teoría de Orem y representa un aporte a la valoración de enfermería en personas que viven con sida

KKN DESA LERABOLENG: EKONOMI KREATIF DAN POTENSI LOKAL UNTUK KETAHANAN EKONOMI

Pemberdayaan masayarakat merupakan kegiatan peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan dan hidup dan menyelesaiakan permasalahan yang dialami masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan melalui program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang merupakan aktifitas berbasis pengabdian masyarakat untuk meningkatkan empati mahasiswa terhadap kondisi masyarakat dan lingkungan nya. KKN Universitas Nusa Nipa 2024 dilaksanakan di wilayah Kabupaten Flores Timur khususnya Kecamatan Titehena Desa Leraboleng. Dengan metode penyuluhan, pelatihan, pendampingan dan edukasi pemberdayaan. Hasil menunjukan adanya respon posistif dari pemerintah desa Leraboleng serta partisipasi aktif masyarakat yang tinggi diantaranya  mengikuti program pelatihan ekonomi kreatif, Selain itu beberapa luaran yang dihasilkan 1) yaitu pengembangan potensi desa dalam bentuk produk lokal, 2) pemberdayaan sumber daya masayarakat dalam mengolah potensi desa, dan 3) peningkatan kreatifitas dan inovasi dalam pengolahan produk lokal serta penerapan pengetahuan packing produk menggunakan design modern. Disisi lain terjadi peningkatan kedisiplinan dan partisipasi peserta mahasiswa KKN serta masyarakat, dengan melihat keberhasilan berupa luaran beberapa produk yang dihasilka

Long-Lasting Metabolic Imbalance Related to Obesity Alters Olfactory Tissue Homeostasis and Impairs Olfactory-Driven Behaviors.

Obesity is associated with chronic food intake disorders and binge eating. Food intake relies on the interaction between homeostatic regulation and hedonic signals among which, olfaction is a major sensory determinant. However, its potential modulation at the peripheral level by a chronic energy imbalance associated to obese status remains a matter of debate. We further investigated the olfactory function in a rodent model relevant to the situation encountered in obese humans, where genetic susceptibility is juxtaposed on chronic eating disorders. Using several olfactory-driven tests, we compared the behaviors of obesity-prone Sprague-Dawley rats (OP) fed with a high-fat/high-sugar diet with those of obese-resistant ones fed with normal chow. In OP rats, we reported 1) decreased odor threshold, but 2) poor olfactory performances, associated with learning/memory deficits, 3) decreased influence of fasting, and 4) impaired insulin control on food seeking behavior. Associated with these behavioral modifications, we found a modulation of metabolism-related factors implicated in 1) electrical olfactory signal regulation (insulin receptor), 2) cellular dynamics (glucorticoids receptors, pro- and antiapoptotic factors), and 3) homeostasis of the olfactory mucosa and bulb (monocarboxylate and glucose transporters). Such impairments might participate to the perturbed daily food intake pattern that we observed in obese animals

Modified Laminar Bone in Ampelosaurus atacis and Other Titanosaurs (Sauropoda): Implications for Life History and Physiology

BACKGROUND: Long bone histology of the most derived Sauropoda, the Titanosauria suggests that titanosaurian long bone histology differs from the uniform bone histology of basal Sauropoda. Here we describe the long bone histology of the titanosaur Ampelosaurus atacis and compare it to that of basal neosauropods and other titanosaurs to clarify if a special titanosaur bone histology exists. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ampelosaurus retains the laminar vascular organization of basal Sauropoda, but throughout most of cortical growth, the scaffolding of the fibrolamellar bone, which usually is laid down as matrix of woven bone, is laid down as parallel-fibered or lamellar bone matrix instead. The remodeling process by secondary osteons is very extensive and overruns the periosteal bone deposition before skeletal maturity is reached. Thus, no EFS is identifiable. Compared to the atypical bone histology of Ampelosaurus, the large titanosaur Alamosaurus shows typical laminar fibrolamellar bone. The titanosaurs Phuwiangosaurus, Lirainosaurus, and Magyarosaurus, although differing in certain features, all show this same low amount or absence of woven bone from the scaffolding of the fibrolamellar bone, indicating a clear reduction in growth rate resulting in a higher bone tissue organization. To describe the peculiar primary cortical bone tissue of Phuwiangosaurus, Ampelosaurus, Lirainosaurus, and Magyarosaurus, we here introduce a new term, "modified laminar bone" (MLB). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Importantly, MLB is as yet not known from extant animals. At least in Lirainosaurus and Magyarosaurus the reduction of growth rate indicated by MLB is coupled with a drastic body size reduction and maybe also a reduction in metabolic rate, interpreted as a result of dwarfing on the European islands during the Late Cretaceous. Phuwiangosaurus and Ampelosaurus both show a similar reduction in growth rate but not in body size, possibly indicating also a reduced metabolic rate. The large titanosaur Alamosaurus, on the other hand, retained the plesiomorphic bone histology of basal neosauropods