Estrogen-dependent dynamic profile of eNOS-DNA associations in prostate cancer

In previous work we have documented the nuclear translocation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and its participation in combinatorial complexes with Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) and Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) that determine localized chromatin remodeling in response to estrogen (E2) and hypoxia stimuli, resulting in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with adverse prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). To explore the role of nuclear eNOS in the acquisition of aggressive phenotype in PCa, we performed ChIP-Sequencing on chromatin-associated eNOS from cells from a primary tumor with poor outcome and from metastatic LNCaP cells. We found that: 1. the eNOS-bound regions (peaks) are widely distributed across the genome encompassing multiple transcription factors binding sites, including Estrogen Response Elements. 2. E2 increased the number of peaks, indicating hormone-dependent eNOS re-localization. 3. Peak distribution was similar with/without E2 with ≈ 55% of them in extragenic DNA regions and an intriguing involvement of the 5′ domain of several miRs deregulated in PCa. Numerous potentially novel eNOS-targeted genes have been identified suggesting that eNOS participates in the regulation of large gene sets. The parallel finding of downregulation of a cluster of miRs, including miR-34a, in PCa cells associated with poor outcome led us to unveil a molecular link between eNOS and SIRT1, an epigenetic regulator of aging and tumorigenicity, negatively regulated by miR-34a and in turn activating eNOS. E2 potentiates miR-34a downregulation thus enhancing SIRT1 expression, depicting a novel eNOS/SIRT1 interplay fine-tuned by E2-activated ER signaling, and suggesting that eNOS may play an important role in aggressive PCa

Mach number and wall thermal boundary condition effects on near-wall compressible turbulence

We investigate the effects of thermal boundary conditions and Mach number on turbulence close to walls. In particular, we study the near-wall asymptotic behavior for adiabatic and pseudo-adiabatic walls, and compare to the asymptotic behavior recently found near isothermal cold walls (Baranwal et al. (2022)). This is done by analyzing a new large database of highly-resolved direct numerical simulations of turbulent channels with different wall thermal conditions and centerline Mach numbers. We observe that the asymptotic power-law behavior of Reynolds stresses as well as heat fluxes does change with both centerline Mach number and thermal-condition at the wall. Power-law exponents transition from their analytical expansion for solenoidal fields to those for non-solenoidal field as the Mach number is increased, though this transition is found to be dependent on the thermal boundary conditions. The correlation coefficients between velocity and temperature are also found to be affected by these factors. Consistent with recent proposals on universal behavior of compressible turbulence, we find that dilatation at the wall is the key scaling parameter for this power-law exponents providing a universal functional law which can provide a basis for general models of near-wall behavior.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figures, Under consideration for publication in Journal of Fluid Mechanic

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE)

The genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient were estimated for yield and quality traits in twenty five ginger germplasm. Wide genetic variation was observed for all genotypes for yield per plant, plant height and days taken to harvest. Considering genetic parameters, high GCV was found highest for acidity (42.94%) followed by oleoresin content (37.50%), ascorbic acid content (34.78%) and yield per plant (23.81g), respectively. In all cases, phenotypic variances were higher than the genotypic variances. Based on high heritability coefficient (h2 b.s.) coupled with high genetic advance as % of mean, oleoresin content (0.98, 76.36%), ascorbic acid content (0.97, 70.42), acidity % (0.93, 85.45%), TSS per cent (0.90, 43.71) and yield per plant (0.87, 45.69) were found superior traits and representing additive genetic variance. Effective selection would be made considering these traits. Genotypic correlation coefficient revealed that rhizome yield had significant positive correlation with length of primary finger (0.40), ascorbic acid content (0.37), number of primary fingers (0.35), plant height (0.36) and diameter of primary finger (0.31)

GENETIC ESTIMATES AND GENE ACTION FOR OBTAINING PROMISING HETEROTIC HYBRIDS IN BOTTLE GOURD [LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL.]

Gene action, magnitude of exploitable heterosis and combining ability variance and its effects were studied through half diallel analysis including 45 F1 hybrids derived by crossing ten diverse bottle gourd parents for earliness and yield components. Data was recorded for twelve quantitative traits including 5 maturity traits for earliness. Ratio of GCA and SCA variance revealed preponderance of non- additive genetic variance for all studied traits except fruit length. The genetic ratio H2/4H1 revealed that the asymmetrical distribution of the positive and negative alleles at all loci for most of the traits. All traits exhibit below 50 per cent narrow sense heritability except fruit length (72%). The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 revealed that over dominance gene action for most of the yield related traits except fruit length. The best performing F1 hybrids regarding earliness, standard heterosis, SCA effects and mean performance of crosses were found in crosses Pusa Naveen x NDBG-603, NDBG-707-2 x NDBG-603 and NDBG-707-2 x NDBG-624. Based on earliness, desirable fruit shape and high fruit yield, elite hybrids were NDBG-707-2 x NDBG-624, NDBG-51 x NDBG-601 and NDBG-517 x NDBG-751

Indonesian Throughflow drove Australian climate form humid Pliocene to arid Pleistocene

Late Miocene to mid-Pleistocene sedimentary proxy records reveal that northwest Australia underwent an abrupt transition from dry to humid climate conditions at 5.5 million years (Ma), likely receiving year-round rainfall, but after ~3.3 Ma, climate shifted toward an increasingly seasonal precipitation regime. The progressive constriction of the Indonesian Throughflow likely decreased continental humidity and transferred control of northwest Australian climate from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, leading to drier conditions punctuated by monsoonal precipitation. The northwest dust pathway and fully established seasonal and orbitally controlled precipitation were in place by ~2.4 Ma, well after the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The transition from humid to arid conditions was driven by changes in Pacific and Indian Ocean circulation and regional atmospheric moisture transport, influenced by the emerging Maritime Continent. We conclude that the Maritime Continent is the switchboard modulating teleconnections between tropical and high-latitude climate systems.published_or_final_versio

Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed-Metal Oxide Nanopowders Along the CoO x –Al 2 O 3 Tie Line Using Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65180/1/j.1551-2916.2006.01155.x.pd

HETEROSIS STUDIES USING DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK)

Twenty one hybrids of mungbean along with their seven parental lines in diallel fashion excluding reciprocal were studied to assess the extent of standard heterosis over standard check i.e. Samrat for yield and seven component characters. Out of 21 F1 hybrids, two crosses SML382 x WGG37 and PUSA9871 x WGG37 exhibited highly significant positive standard heterosis for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. The hybrid SML382 X WGG37 was excelled for number of primary branches per plant. The crosses SML382 x WGG37 and PUSA9871 x WGG37 exhibited high standard heterosis for seed yield per plant which could be an excellent source for developing high yielding mungbean genotypes

Preceramic Polymers for Use as Fiber Coatings

Polymeric precursors to Si-C-O, SI-B-N and Si-C were evaluated for use as ceramic interfaces in ceramic matrix composites. Use of the preceramic polymers allows for easy dip coating of fibers from dilute solutions of a polymer, which are then pyrolyzed to obtain the ceramic. SCS-0 fibers (Textron Specialty Materials, Lowell, MA) were coated with polymers from three systems: polysilsesquioxanes, polyborosilazanes and polycarbosilanes. The polysilsesquioxane systems were shown to produce either silicon oxycarbide or silicon oxynitride, depending on the pyrolysis conditions, and demonstrated some promise in an RBSN (reaction-bonded silicon nitride) matrix model system. Polyborosilazanes were shown, in studies of bulk polymers, to give rise to oxidation resistant Si-B-N ceramics which remain amorphous to temperatures of 1600 C, and should therefore provide a low modulus interface. Polycarbosilanes produce amorphous carbon-rich Si-C materials which have demonstrated oxidation resistance

HETEROSIS STUDIES USING DIALLEL ANALYSIS FOR YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK)

Twenty one hybrids of mungbean along with their seven parental lines in diallel fashion excluding reciprocal were studied to assess the extent of standard heterosis over standard check i.e. Samrat for yield and seven component characters. Out of 21 F1 hybrids, two crosses SML382 x WGG37 and PUSA9871 x WGG37 exhibited highly significant positive standard heterosis for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. The hybrid SML382 X WGG37 was excelled for number of primary branches per plant. The crosses SML382 x WGG37 and PUSA9871 x WGG37 exhibited high standard heterosis for seed yield per plant which could be an excellent source for developing high yielding mungbean genotypes