Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Dodder (Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.), a severe parasitic weed on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

A survey on weed infestation in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) undertaken in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India during rabi season of 1986-87, indicated that the parasitic weed Cuscuta reflexa was observed in 6 fields among the 11 fields surveyed. In infested fields, 70.70 to 23.04 per cent plants were parasitised. The seed yield was 25.27 to 11.32 g / plant in healthy plants and 10.18 to 4.47 g / plant in infested plants. The reduction in estimated seed yield due to infestation by C. reflexa ranged from 14.04 to 30.07 per cent. One hundred per cent infestation reduced the seed yield by 31.21 to 71.52 per cent. &nbsp

Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sNN= 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB> 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter

Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV.

We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2  GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.05  GeV/c in the 60%-80% collision centrality class. This noteworthy enhancement cannot be explained by hadronic production accompanied by cold and hot medium effects. In addition, the dN/dt distribution of J/ψ for the very low p_{T} range is presented for the first time. The distribution is consistent with that expected from the Au nucleus and shows a hint of interference. Comparison of the measurements to theoretical calculations of coherent production shows that the excess yield can be described reasonably well and reveals a partial disruption of coherent production in semicentral collisions, perhaps due to the violent hadronic interactions. Incorporating theoretical calculations, the results strongly suggest that the dramatic enhancement of J/ψ yield observed at extremely low p_{T} originates from coherent photon-nucleus interactions. In particular, coherently produced J/ψ's in violent hadronic collisions may provide a novel probe of the quark-gluon plasma

Strangeness Enhancement in Cu+Cu and Au+Au Collisions at \sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV

We report new STAR measurements of mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$, $\Xi^{-}$, $\bar{\Xi}^{+}$, $\Omega^{-}$, $\bar{\Omega}^{+}$ particles in Cu+Cu collisions at \sNN{200}, and mid-rapidity yields for the $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda}$, $K^{0}_{S}$ particles in Au+Au at \sNN{200}. We show that at a given number of participating nucleons, the production of strange hadrons is higher in Cu+Cu collisions than in Au+Au collisions at the same center-of-mass energy. We find that aspects of the enhancement factors for all particles can be described by a parameterization based on the fraction of participants that undergo multiple collisions

Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 39 GeV

A systematic study is presented for centrality, transverse momentum ($p_T$) and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) dependence of the inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow ($v_2$) at midrapidity($|\eta| < 1.0$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. The results obtained with different methods, including correlations with the event plane reconstructed in a region separated by a large pseudorapidity gap and 4-particle cumulants ($v_2{4}$), are presented in order to investigate non-flow correlations and $v_2$ fluctuations. We observe that the difference between $v_2{2}$ and $v_2{4}$ is smaller at the lower collision energies. Values of $v_2$, scaled by the initial coordinate space eccentricity, $v_{2}/\varepsilon$, as a function of $p_T$ are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions, similar to the results at higher collision energies. These results are compared to measurements at higher energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV) and at the Large Hadron Collider (Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV). The $v_2(p_T)$ values for fixed $p_T$ rise with increasing collision energy within the $p_T$ range studied ($< 2 {\rm GeV}/c$). A comparison to viscous hydrodynamic simulations is made to potentially help understand the energy dependence of $v_{2}(p_{T})$. We also compare the $v_2$ results to UrQMD and AMPT transport model calculations, and physics implications on the dominance of partonic versus hadronic phases in the system created at Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures. Version accepted by PR

Studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons

We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at RHIC. Pairs of back-to-back high transverse momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study associated hadron distributions. In contrast with two- and three-particle correlations with a single trigger with similar kinematic selections, the associated hadron distribution of both trigger sides reveals no modification in either relative pseudo-rapidity or relative azimuthal angle from d+Au to central Au+Au collisions. We determine associated hadron yields and spectra as well as production rates for such correlated back-to-back triggers to gain additional insights on medium properties.Comment: By the STAR Collaboration. 6 pages, 2 figure