Asset pricing lessons for modeling business cycles.

We develop a model which accounts for the observed equity premium and average risk free rate, without implying counterfactually high risk aversion. The model also does well in aceounting for business cycle phenomena. With respect to the conventional measures of business cycle volatility and comovement with output, the model does roughly as well as the standard business cycle model. On two other dimensions, the model's business cycle implications are actually improved. Its enhanced internal propagation allows it to account for the fact that there is positive persistenee in output growth, and the model also provides a resolution to the "excess sensitivity puzzle" for consumption and income. Key features of the model are habit persistence preferences, and a multisector technology with limited intersectoral mobility of factors of production.

Vesignieite: a S=12S = \frac{1}{2} kagome antiferromagnet with dominant third-neighbor exchange

The spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ kagome antiferromagnet is an archetypal frustrated system predicted to host a variety of exotic magnetic states. We show using neutron scattering measurements that deuterated vesignieite BaCu$_{3}$V$_{2}$O$_{8}$(OD)$_{2}$, a fully stoichiometric $S=1/2$ kagome magnet with $<$1% lattice distortion, orders magnetically at $T_{\mathrm{N}}=9$K into a multi-k coplanar variant of the predicted triple-k octahedral structure. We find this structure is stabilized by a dominant antiferromagnetic 3$^{\mathrm{rd}}$-neighbor exchange $J_3$ with minor 1$^{\mathrm{st}}$- or 2$^{\mathrm{nd}}$--neighbour exchange. The spin-wave spectrum is well described by a $J_3$-only model including a tiny symmetric exchange anisotropy

Haydeeite: a spin-1/2 kagome ferromagnet

The mineral haydeeite, alpha-MgCu3(OD)6Cl2, is a S=1/2 kagome ferromagnet that displays long-range magnetic order below TC=4.2 K with a strongly reduced moment. Our inelastic neutron scattering data show clear spin-wave excitations that are well described by a Heisenberg Hamiltonian with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange J1=-38 K and antiferromagnetic exchange Jd=+11 K across the hexagons of the kagome lattice. These values place haydeeite very close to the quantum phase transition between ferromagnetic order and non-coplanar twelve-sublattice cuboc2 antiferromagnetic order. Diffuse dynamic short-range ferromagnetic correlations observed above TC persist well into the ferromagnetically ordered phase with a behavior distinct from critical scattering

Root biomechanical properties during establishment of woody perennials

Background and aims: Soil bio-engineering using vegetation is an environmentally friendly solution to stabilise soil slopes. This study investigates tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and root diameter relationships for establishing woody perennials.Methods: Specimens of ten woody European shrubs and small trees were transplanted into sandy loam soil to establish for six months. Root tensile strength and Young’s modulus were measured as well as the root length-diameter distribution. The effect of root water status on root diameter was evaluated for Scotch Broom.Results: More than half of the root length for all species was thinner than 0.5 mm diameter. Typical tensile strengths were &lt;40 MPa, with Young’s modulus &lt;600 MPa. Negative power relationships between root strength and root diameter existed only for Gorse and Spindle, whilst Blackthorn, European Box and Holly showed slight increase in tensile strength with diameter. Hawthorn, Hazel and Privet showed rapid initial increase in strength with diameter followed by strength decrease with diameter, post-peak. Young’s modulus was linearly related to tensile strength for all ten species (P&lt;0.001; R2 values 17% to 64%). Root diameter, investigated for Scotch Broom, depended strongly on root water potential and root water content by mass). Root water content could influence considerably the calculations of tensile strength.Discussion and conclusion: Root strength-diameter relationships often do not follow a negative power law, and depends strongly on taxa. Young’s modulus was strongly related to tensile strength of roots for certain species. Water status of roots strongly influences root diameter and hence strength and Young’s modulus properties, and must be controlled carefully in experiments

The effect of Mg location on Co-Mg-Ru/γ-Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch catalysts

© 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.The effectiveness of Mg as a promoter of Co-Ru/γ-Al2O3 Fischer-Tropsch catalysts depends on how and when the Mg is added. When the Mg is impregnated into the support before the Co and Ru addition, some Mg is incorporated into the support in the form of MgxAl2O3+x if the material is calcined at 550°C or 800°C after the impregnation, while the remainder is present as amorphous MgO/MgCO3 phases. After subsequent Co-Ru impregnation MgxCo3-xO4 is formed which decomposes on reduction, leading to Co(0) particles intimately mixed with Mg, as shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The process of impregnating Co into an Mg-modified support results in dissolution of the amorphous Mg, and it is this Mg which is then incorporated into MgxCo3-xO4. Acid washing or higher temperature calcination after Mg impregnation can remove most of this amorphous Mg, resulting in lower values of x in MgxCo3-xO4. Catalytic testing of these materials reveals that Mg incorporation into the Co oxide phase is severely detrimental to the site-Time yield, while Mg incorporation into the support may provide some enhancement of activity at high temperature

Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in vesignieite: A route to freezing in a quantum kagome antiferromagnet

We report an electron spin resonance investigation of the geometrically frustrated spin-1/2 kagome antiferromagnet vesignieite, BaCu$_3$V$_2$O$_8$(OH)$_2$. Analysis of the line widths and line shifts indicates the dominance of in-plane Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya anisotropy that is proposed to suppress strongly quantum spin fluctuations and thus to promote long-range ordering rather than a spin-liquid state. We also evidence an enhanced spin-phonon contribution that might originate from a lattice instability and discuss the origin of a low-temperature mismatch between intrinsic and bulk susceptibility in terms of local inhomogeneity

Genetic Features of Metachronous Esophageal Cancer Developed in Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Breast Cancer Long-Term Survivors: An Exploratory Study.

Background Development of novel therapeutic drugs and regimens for cancer treatment has led to improvements in patient long-term survival. This success has, however, been accompanied by the increased occurrence of second primary cancers. Indeed, patients who received regional radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) or breast cancer may develop, many years later, a solid metachronous tumor in the irradiated field. Despite extensive epidemiological studies, little information is available on the genetic changes involved in the pathogenesis of these solid therapy-related neoplasms. Methods Using microsatellite markers located in 7 chromosomal regions frequently deleted in sporadic esophageal cancer, we investigated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in 46 paired (normal and tumor) samples. Twenty samples were of esophageal carcinoma developed in HL or breast cancer long-term survivors: 14 squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and 6 adenocarcinomas (EADC), while 26 samples, used as control, were of sporadic esophageal cancer (15 ESCC and 11 EADC). Results We found that, though the overall LOH frequency at the studied chromosomal regions was similar among metachronous and sporadic tumors, the latter exhibited a statistically different higher LOH frequency at 17q21.31 (p = 0.018). By stratifying for tumor histotype we observed that LOH at 3p24.1, 5q11.2 and 9p21.3 were more frequent in ESCC than in EADC suggesting a different role of the genetic determinants located nearby these regions in the development of the two esophageal cancer histotypes. Conclusions Altogether, our results strengthen the genetic diversity among ESCC and EADC whether they occurred spontaneously or after therapeutic treatments. The presence of histotype-specific alterations in esophageal carcinoma arisen in HL or breast cancer long-term survivors suggests that their transformation process, though the putative different etiological origin, may retrace sporadic ESCC and EADC carcinogenesis

The anomalous Hall effect in non-collinear antiferromagnetic Mn3_{3}NiN thin films

We have studied the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in strained thin films of the frustrated antiferromagnet Mn$_{3}$NiN. The AHE does not follow the conventional relationships with magnetization or longitudinal conductivity and is enhanced relative to that expected from the magnetization in the antiferromagnetic state below $T_{\mathrm{N}} = 260$\,K. This enhancement is consistent with origins from the non-collinear antiferromagnetic structure, as the latter is closely related to that found in Mn$_{3}$Ir and Mn$_{3}$Pt where a large AHE is induced by the Berry curvature. As the Berry phase induced AHE should scale with spin-orbit coupling, yet larger AHE may be found in other members of the chemically flexible Mn$_{3}A$N structure

Suscetibilidade dos estágios imaturos de Trichogramma pretiosum a óleos inseticidas.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade das fases imaturas do parasitoide Trichogramma pretiosum a óleos vegetais e sintéticos utilizados no controle fitossanitário de pragas.Resumo

Anomalous Hall effect in noncollinear antiferromagnetic Mn 3NiN thin films

We have studied the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in strained thin lms of the frustrated anti-ferromagnet Mn3NiN. The AHE does not follow the conventional relationships with magnetizationor longitudinal conductivity and is enhanced relative to that expected from the magnetization inthe antiferromagnetic state belowTN= 260 K. This enhancement is consistent with origins fromthe non-collinear antiferromagnetic structure, as the latter is closely related to that found in Mn3Irand Mn3Pt where a large AHE is induced by the Berry curvature. As the Berry phase inducedAHE should scale with spin-orbit coupling, yet larger AHE may be found in other members of thechemically exible Mn3AN structure