Variation principle and the universal metric of dynamic routing

In this paper the variation principles from theoretical physics is considered that would describe the process of routing in computer networks. The total traffic which is currently served on all hops of the route has been chosen as the quantity to minimize. Universal metric function has been found for dynamic routing taking into account the packet loss effect. An attempt to derive the metric of the most popular dynamic routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, EIGRP from universal metric was made.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 14 equation

Thermal transformation of bitumoid of Domanic formations of Tatarstan

The study focuses on the transformation of the composition of bitumoid in Domanic rocks during the processes of thermal impact on reservoir. Laboratory simulation of thermal effects on the sample of Domanic rocks with a high content of kerogen was taken. Study recorded significant changes in the group composition of bitumoids due to formation of hydrocarbons as a result of destruction of kerogen and set group composition of source bitumoids and ones after exposure. Analysis of the composition of the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons shows that asphaltene content in the selected bitumoids significantly increases. Thermal transformation of bitumoid led to the increase in the fraction of hydrocarbons C19-C30, which is probably due to the decomposition of part of the kerogen. The ratio of isoprenoid alkanes (pristane and phytane), which is the main indicator of the thermal maturity of the oils, is reduced by 1.5 times. Study shows increase the ration of high molecular weight alkanes to alkanes of low molecular weight by several times, which indicates an increase in the degree of maturation of organic matter. Noticeable regularities in the distribution of geochemical parameters on terpanes and sternum not detected. The study was conducted with the use of EPR spectroscopy. Comparison of intensities of the radical of the initial sample and one after the experiment revealed insignificant deviations, which shows an increase in the number of newly formed hydrocarbons during thermal degradation of kerogen. Thermal effect leads to the forming of hydrocarbons by decomposition of kerogen of Domanic rocks. Kerogen containing rocks under thermal effects can be considered as an additional source of moveable hydrocarbons

Influence of Biodegradation Processes on the Relative Distribution of Normal and Isoalkanes in Oil

Abstract The article presents research and describes the mechanism of aerobic biodegradation of oils of various origins. The influence of degradation processes on the relative distribution of normal alkanes and isoprenoids is considered. When drawing conclusions about the type of source substance, sedimentation conditions, and maturity parameters based on biomarker correlations, it is essential to exclude the presence of biodegradation, or take into account its influence in relation to the objects under study. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the selectivity of oil biodegradation in terms of various effects on the ratio of isobutane/n-butane can be used to clarify the remaining reserves of oil fields.</jats:p

Thermal transformation of bitumoid of Domanic formations of Tatarstan

The study focuses on the transformation of the composition of bitumoid in Domanic rocks during the processes of thermal impact on reservoir. Laboratory simulation of thermal effects on the sample of Domanic rocks with a high content of kerogen was taken. Study recorded significant changes in the group composition of bitumoids due to formation of hydrocarbons as a result of destruction of kerogen and set group composition of source bitumoids and ones after exposure. Analysis of the composition of the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons shows that asphaltene content in the selected bitumoids significantly increases. Thermal transformation of bitumoid led to the increase in the fraction of hydrocarbons C19-C30, which is probably due to the decomposition of part of the kerogen. The ratio of isoprenoid alkanes (pristane and phytane), which is the main indicator of the thermal maturity of the oils, is reduced by 1.5 times. Study shows increase the ration of high molecular weight alkanes to alkanes of low molecular weight by several times, which indicates an increase in the degree of maturation of organic matter. Noticeable regularities in the distribution of geochemical parameters on terpanes and sternum not detected. The study was conducted with the use of EPR spectroscopy. Comparison of intensities of the radical of the initial sample and one after the experiment revealed insignificant deviations, which shows an increase in the number of newly formed hydrocarbons during thermal degradation of kerogen. Thermal effect leads to the forming of hydrocarbons by decomposition of kerogen of Domanic rocks. Kerogen containing rocks under thermal effects can be considered as an additional source of moveable hydrocarbons

Thermal transformation of bitumoid of Domanic formations of Tatarstan

The study focuses on the transformation of the composition of bitumoid in Domanic rocks during the processes of thermal impact on reservoir. Laboratory simulation of thermal effects on the sample of Domanic rocks with a high content of kerogen was taken. Study recorded significant changes in the group composition of bitumoids due to formation of hydrocarbons as a result of destruction of kerogen and set group composition of source bitumoids and ones after exposure. Analysis of the composition of the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons shows that asphaltene content in the selected bitumoids significantly increases. Thermal transformation of bitumoid led to the increase in the fraction of hydrocarbons C19-C30, which is probably due to the decomposition of part of the kerogen. The ratio of isoprenoid alkanes (pristane and phytane), which is the main indicator of the thermal maturity of the oils, is reduced by 1.5 times. Study shows increase the ration of high molecular weight alkanes to alkanes of low molecular weight by several times, which indicates an increase in the degree of maturation of organic matter. Noticeable regularities in the distribution of geochemical parameters on terpanes and sternum not detected. The study was conducted with the use of EPR spectroscopy. Comparison of intensities of the radical of the initial sample and one after the experiment revealed insignificant deviations, which shows an increase in the number of newly formed hydrocarbons during thermal degradation of kerogen. Thermal effect leads to the forming of hydrocarbons by decomposition of kerogen of Domanic rocks. Kerogen containing rocks under thermal effects can be considered as an additional source of moveable hydrocarbons

Thermal transformation of bitumoid of Domanic formations of Tatarstan

The study focuses on the transformation of the composition of bitumoid in Domanic rocks during the processes of thermal impact on reservoir. Laboratory simulation of thermal effects on the sample of Domanic rocks with a high content of kerogen was taken. Study recorded significant changes in the group composition of bitumoids due to formation of hydrocarbons as a result of destruction of kerogen and set group composition of source bitumoids and ones after exposure. Analysis of the composition of the fraction of saturated hydrocarbons shows that asphaltene content in the selected bitumoids significantly increases. Thermal transformation of bitumoid led to the increase in the fraction of hydrocarbons C19-C30, which is probably due to the decomposition of part of the kerogen. The ratio of isoprenoid alkanes (pristane and phytane), which is the main indicator of the thermal maturity of the oils, is reduced by 1.5 times. Study shows increase the ration of high molecular weight alkanes to alkanes of low molecular weight by several times, which indicates an increase in the degree of maturation of organic matter. Noticeable regularities in the distribution of geochemical parameters on terpanes and sternum not detected. The study was conducted with the use of EPR spectroscopy. Comparison of intensities of the radical of the initial sample and one after the experiment revealed insignificant deviations, which shows an increase in the number of newly formed hydrocarbons during thermal degradation of kerogen. Thermal effect leads to the forming of hydrocarbons by decomposition of kerogen of Domanic rocks. Kerogen containing rocks under thermal effects can be considered as an additional source of moveable hydrocarbons