161 research outputs found

    Корупція як соціальне явище у вимірі соціологічного аналізу

    Get PDF
    Розглянуто феномен корупції як соціального явища у вимірі класичних і сучасних соціологічних теорій. Визначено, що класична соціологічна думка виділяє три основні моменти в розумінні корупції як соціального явища: по-перше, певні моделі поведінки, що мають обумовленість в ненормальних формах розподілу праці, виникнення опосередкованих надлишкових ланок; по-друге, дефіцит або привласнення інституційних ресурсів у ситуації дисфункціональності соціальних інститутів; по-третє, використання іллегальних практик для досягнення визнаної в суспільстві легітимної мети. З’ясовано, що в теоріях соціальної взаємодії корупція і корупційні відносини розглядаються як стосунки соціального обміну винагородами і втратами; інтерпретація суб’єктами корупційних відносин символів та значень, що транслюються партнерами, прогнозування можливостей взаємовпливу і визначення ситуації взаємодії; корупційні взаємовідносини соціальних мікроутворень, в яких здійснюється певного роду діяльність з точки зору управління створюваними враженнями та визначення ситуації. Встановлено еврістичність некласичної соціологічної традиції, яка робить дослідницький акцент на виявленні суб’єктного вимірювання корупції, переводячи в режим дослідження практичного відчуття, хабітуалізації корупційних схем і визначення корупції як масової стратегії у контексті індивідуального та колективного досвіду в умовах слабкості або змінюваності інституційних регуляторів поведінкових практик

    ПРОСТОРОВО-ЧАСОВИЙ РОЗПОДІЛ СМЕРЧІВ ТА ШКВАЛІВ У ПІВНІЧНО-ЗАХІДНОМУ ПРИЧОРНОМОР’Ї

    Get PDF
    Tornadoes and strong squalls are dangerous for almost all spheres of human life and the economy of the region. The degree of negative impact depends on their type, quantity, intensity, area of formation and geographical features of the territory. The article defines the dynamics of the number of tornadoes and strong squalls in the North-Western Black Sea region (Odessa, Nikolayev and Kherson regions of Ukraine) from 2006 to 2020.Geographical position of the south-west of Ukraine, synoptic processes and a variety of climatic conditions contribute to the frequent occurrence of severe convective phenomena and creating the extraordinary complexity of their space-time distribution. The study revealed current trends in the formation of dangerous convective phenomena in the south-west of Ukraine. One of the most squall-prone regions of Ukraine is the territory of the North-Western Black Sea region. During 2006-2020 there was an increase in the number of squalls and tornadoes in the North-Western Black Sea region in comparison with previous years.Tornadoes and strong squalls are dangerous for almost all spheres of human life and the economy of the region. The degree of negative impact depends on their type, quantity, intensity, area of formation and geographical features of the territory. The article defines the dynamics of the number of tornadoes and strong squalls in the North-Western Black Sea region (Odessa, Nikolayev and Kherson regions of Ukraine) from 2006 to 2020.Geographical position of the south-west of Ukraine, synoptic processes and a variety of climatic conditions contribute to the frequent occurrence of severe convective phenomena and creating the extraordinary complexity of their space-time distribution. The study revealed current trends in the formation of dangerous convective phenomena in the south-west of Ukraine. One of the most squall-prone regions of Ukraine is the territory of the North-Western Black Sea region. During 2006-2020 there was an increase in the number of squalls and tornadoes in the North-Western Black Sea region in comparison with previous years

    Reproduction of spiritual and moral values in the story of V. P. Krapivin “Grandmother’s grandson and his brothers”

    Full text link
    Объект данного исследования — повесть В. П. Крапивина «Бабушкин внук и его братья». Предмет — интертекстуальные включения в повести В. П. Крапивина «Бабушкин внук и его братья» как эстетическое средство воспроизведения духовно-нравственных ценностей. Автор использует средства образности для акцентирования внимания читателей на важности доброты, порядочности, милосердия. Основной метод исследования — интерпретация текста литературного произведения.The object of this study is V. P. Krapivin’s novella “Grandmother’s Grandson and His Brothers”. The subject is intertextual inclusions in V. P. Krapivin’s novella “Grandmother’s Grandson and His Brothers” as an aesthetic means of reproducing spiritual and moral values. The author uses the means of imagery to focus readers’ attention on the importance of kindness, decency and mercy. The main method of research is the interpretation of the text of a literary work

    ОЦІНКА РІВНЯ ЗНАНЬ, ПРИХИЛЬНОСТІ ТА ПРАКТИКИ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ЩОДО РОБОТИ ІЗ СУДИННИМИ КАТЕТЕРАМИ ТА ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ІНФЕКЦІЙНИМ УСКЛАДНЕННЯМ КАТЕТЕРИЗАЦІЇ СУДИН

    Get PDF
    The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding vascular catheterization (VC) and the prevention of infectious VC complications. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 HCW of healthcare settings in Ukraine in September–November 2019 and January 2020 using the author’s questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three blocks and 48 questions. Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info Epi Info™ for Windows version 7.2 were used for statistical analysis of the data. The significance level for χ2-test was set at P<0.05. Results and discussion. The most of respondents (78.3 %) noted the need for more facts about possible VC complications, and 79.3 % of them required for additional data on infection control and prevention (ICP) of catheter-associated infections. A statistically significant association between the need to obtain extra information about the VC complications and the respondents’ position was established: χ2=7.9758, p=0.004741. Insufficient knowledge of risk groups and factors were identified in HCW. 31.1 % of them believed that HCW had small impact on infectious VC complications occurrences. 33.4 % of HCW knew about inexpediency of routine replacement of central venous catheters (CVCs), peripheral inserted CVCs, and hemodialysis catheters. 99.2 % of HCW considered that before and after any VC it is necessary to perform hand hygiene (HH) using a soap and water or alcohol based hand rubs. In routine practice, 97.5 % of HCW always used gloves with VC. 11.6 % of HCW considered that gloving can replace HH with VC. HCW neglected the use of gloves with VC because insufficient gloves provision (29.7 %). The quarter of respondents (25.0 %) replaced gloves with HH. Due to allergic reactions or contact dermatitis as a result of the gloves usage, 20.3 % of HCW refused to use its. Conclusions. An insufficient level of KAP of HCW on epidemiology, ICP of infectious VC complications was determined.Мета роботи – вивчити рівень знань, прихильності та практики медичних працівників (МП) щодо роботи із судинними катетерами (СК) та запобігання інфекційним ускладненням  процедури катетеризації. Пацієнти і методи. Проведено поперечне епідеміологічне дослідження серед 123 МП закладів охорони здоров’я України протягом вересня-листопада 2019 р. та січня 2020 р. з використанням авторського опитувальника. Опитувальник складався з трьох блоків і містив 48 питань. Статистична обробка даних проводилась з використанням методів описової статистики за допомогою програм Microsoft Excel 2007 та Epi Info™ for Windows version 7.2. Аналіз номінативних величин проводився з використанням критерію Пірсона χ2. Достовірно значущими вважалися відмінності при Р<0,05. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Більшість респондентів (78,3 %) вказала на необхідність отримувати більше інформації про можливі ускладнення катетеризації судин, а 79,3 % опитаних потребують додаткової інформації щодо інфекційного контролю та профілактики інфекцій, пов’язаних з катетеризацією судин. Виявлено статистично достовірний зв’язок між потребою отримувати додаткову інформацію про ускладнення катетеризації судин і посадою, яку займає респондент (молодший спеціаліст з медичною освітою): χ2=7,9758, p=0,004741. Виявлено недостатню обізнаність МП щодо груп і факторів ризику інфекційних ускладнень катетеризації судин. Майже третина опитаних (31,1 %) вважала, що медичний персонал має незначний вплив на рівень інфекційних ускладнень катетеризації судин. В середньому тільки 33,4 % респондентів знали, що рутинну заміну центральних венозних катетерів (ЦВК), периферично імплантованих ЦВК і катетерів для гемодіалізу для профілактики катетер-асоційованих інфекцій кровоплину застосовувати не доцільно. 99,2 % МП вважали, що перед будь-якою маніпуляцією із СК та після неї необхідно обов’язково проводити гігієнічну обробку рук із застосовуванням води з милом та спиртового антисептика. У рутинній практиці завжди користувались рукавичками під час маніпуляцій із СК 97,5 % респондентів. 11,6 % МП допускає, що використання рукавичок може замінити гігієнічну обробку рук при роботі із СК. Встановлено, що найчастіше МП нехтували використанням рукавичок при роботі із СК через недостатню забезпеченість рукавичками (29,7 %). Чверть респондентів (25,0 %) замінювала рукавички процедурою гігієнічної обробки рук. Через виникнення алергічних реакцій або контактного дерматиту в результаті застосування рукавичок від їх використання відмовлялось 20,3 % опитаних. Висновки. Виявлено недостатній рівень знань, прихильності та практики МП з питань епідеміології, інфекційного контролю та профілактики інфекційних ускладнень катетеризації судин

    COVID-19 after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting: features of the postoperative course and prognosis

    Get PDF
    Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus identified in 2019, forces cardiology departments to quickly adapt existing clinical guidelines to the new reality, and this is particularly relevant for scheduling patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The article demonstrates how COVID-19 has affected emergency cardiac surgery care.Objective To analyze the features of completed cases of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (ECABG) and COVID-19 diagnosed during the postoperative period at the Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Hospital no. 1 for the period from May 1, 2020 to February 1, 2021. Material and Methods Completed cases of ECABG have been retrospectively studied. EACS was performed in 145 patients: in 79 people with unstable angina pectoris (NS), in 40 with Q-negative myocardial infarction (MI), in 14 cases with primary Q-positive MI, in 12 patients with recurrent MI. The condition for ECABG was a negative SARS-Cov-2 PCR result and the absence of viral pneumonia by CT. The patients were divided into 2 subgroups. The first one included people with ECABG that were not diagnosed with COVID-19 during postoperative follow-up in the hospital. Subgroup II had patients with ECABG and COVID-19 diagnosed during the hospitalization.Results Contingency tables showed a statistically significant interaction between group membership and mortality, 2.3% (n = 3) in subgroup 1 and 20% (n = 3) in subgroup 2, Pearson’s test χ2 = 10.6, p < 0.05. When analyzing survival rate in the EACS + COVID-19 subgroup, it is worth paying attention to the cumulative proportion of survivors, considering the severity of the course of viral pneumonia. The proportion of such patients with CT-4 by the 32nd day of hospital stay was 0.3.Conclusions Mortality rate in the postoperative course after ECABG with COVID-19 is significantly higher. In patients who underwent ECABG and died in the early and late postoperative period from COVID-19, a new coronavirus infection was diagnosed at a later date. In these cases, a considerably longer duration of CPB and a higher level of ferritin were revealed at the time of transference to the observation department. Survival rate in ECABG patients due to primary Q-negative MI is significantly lower in comparison with patients hospitalized for unstable angina

    Contribution of the <i>OLR1</i> gene to the development of cardiovascular diseases

    Get PDF
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Studies on the molecular genetic mechanisms aimed at detecting pathogenetically significant molecular targets, as well as searching for informative biomarkers remain relevant. Some of these predictive/prognostic marker candidates are the OLR1 gene products and polymorphisms.The OLR1 gene encodes the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), the expression of which increases in response to proinflammatory or proatherogenic factors. LOX-1 plays an important pathogenetic role in the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the OLR1 gene can be used as a genetic biomarker predicting the CVDs, necessary for stratification of patients into risk groups within the concept of personalized medicine, as well as potential therapeutic targets for patients with certain clinical phenotypes. This review examines the main genetic and epidemiological studies of the OLR1 gene association with CVDs and the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the OLR1 gene influence on their development

    Association study between BGLAP RS1800247-polymorphic variant and type 2 diabetes mellitus development among hypertensive and non-hypertensive Ukrainians

    Get PDF
    The risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development depends on a hereditary predisposition. According to the current data, bone tissue enhances insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells as well as increases insulin sensitivity of adipocytes, myocytes and hepatocytes through the secretion of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (unOCN). The aim. To analyze the relation between rs1800247 SNP and T2DM occurrence depending on the arterial hypertension (AH) presence, as well as association between rs1800247 and systolic, diastolic, pulse, mean blood pressure among patients with T2DM. Materials and methods. This study included 153 patients with diagnosed T2DM and 311 individuals without any carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) was used for BGLAP rs1800247-genotyping. Logistic regression with interaction term “genotype × AH” was used to estimate the association between BGLAP rs1800247-genotypes and T2DM development in dominant, recessive, over-dominant and additive models of inheritance. Linear regression was performed to examine the influence of minor C-allele on the arterial blood pressure. Lipid profile characteristics of T2DM patients were stratified by rs1800247-genotype using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. All calculations were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS, version 22.0, Chicago, IL, USA). A value of P ˂ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results. No association was found between rs1800247 single nucleotide polymorphism and T2DM development neither in AH patients, nor in subjects without AH (Paint b > 0.05). There was no impact of rs1800247 genotypes on systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean blood pressure among patients with T2DM (P > 0.05). It was showed that T2DM non-hypertensive CC-carriers had significantly lower levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.012) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.04), but higher concentration of HDL cholesterol (P = 0.015) compared to the TT-genotype. Conclusions. It was showed that CC-carriers had more favorable parameters of lipid metabolism among T2DM non-hypertensive Ukrainians. However, there was no association between rs1800247 SNP and T2DM development as well as blood pressure parameters

    Prognostic Markers of Acute Suppurative Lung Disease

    Get PDF
    The mortality rate among patients with acute suppurative lung diseases (ASLD) in the ICU reaches 30%. Early, pathogenetically relevant biomarkers are needed to ensure personification and better efficacy of ASLD treatment. Numeric variations in the counts of immune system cells in patient’s blood can be viewed as such candidate biomarkers.The aim of the study. Identification of potential markers predicting ASLD outcome after community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study included 216 in-hospital patients aged 18-87 with ASLD after community-acquired pneumonia with (N=81) and without (N=135) COVID-19 history.Results. Patients survival after COVID-19 was linked to lymphocyte count on Day 1 of hospital stay (hazard ratio, HR=5.9 95%CI 0.9–37.4; P=0.0188, log-rank test). In patients who had not have COVID-19, a difference in survival was associated with lymphocyte (HR=2.9 95%CI 1.0–8.4; P=0.0184, log-rank test; N=135), and monocyte counts (HR=2.7 95% CI 0.8–9.5; P=0.0196, log-rank test) on Day 1 of hospital stay. Patients’ survival after COVID-19 infection depended on SII (systemic immune-inflammation index. HR=9.3 95%CI 1.7–49.8; P=0.0124, log-rank test; N=81, SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index, HR=7.2 95%CI 1.4–36.6; P=0.0339, log-rank test; N=81) and NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, HR=9.6 95%CI 1.8–52.0; P=0.0108; log-rank test; N=81) values on Day 1 of hospital stay. In patients who did not have COVID-19 SII values had no influence on survival.Conclusion. The lymphocyte count makes it possible to predict outcomes of pleural empyema, regardless of patient’s history of COVID-19, i. e. a decrease in the lymphocyte count below 1.2×10⁹ in 1 L is associated with fatal outcome. Monocyte count carries prognostic information for cases of pleural empyema without previous COVID-19 infection. As for the relative indicators, SIRI, SII and NLR values measured on Day 1 in the hospital were predictors of ASLD outcome only in patients after COVID-19 infection, i. e., higher values were associated with increased risk of death, with NLR index being the most informative. Overall severity of illness above 10 scores by CIRS was associated with an unfavorable ASLD outcome, regardless of patient’s history of COVID-19

    Methodology of non-linear robust estimation for the solutions synthesis of inverse and direct multidisciplinary problems in engineering dimensional chains calculation based on discrete analog data

    Get PDF
    This paper analyses the definition of inverse and direct problems in engineering dimensional chains calculation based on discrete analogue data and the methodologies for solving these problems. It is shown that the direct dimensional chains calculation, which belongs to the class of inverse boundary value problems in a stochastic formulation, can be transformed into multi-criteria problems of stochastic optimization with mixed conditions. The new multi-step solutions search methodology for these problems is based on non-linear robust estimation methods. It can be achieved through hierarchical two-level decisions synthesis scheme development. At the first step, this scheme includes identification of surrogate models (in the form of regression equations). At the second step, the effective robust estimates are computed to determine unknown values; estimations of unknown quantities are carried out under a priori and parametric data uncertainties. Results of calculations of inverse and direct problems in engineering dimensional chains for two-stage axial compressors are presented. They were obtained using interactive computer systems for decision-making support “ROD&IDS”
    corecore