Sequence stratigraphy, basin morphology and sea-level history for the Permian Kapp Starostin Formation of Svalbard, Norway

Based on seven measured sections from Svalbard, the marine strata of the Permian Kapp Starostin Formation are arranged into seven transgressive–regressive sequences (TR1–TR7) of c. 4–5 Ma average duration, each bound by a maximum regressive surface. Facies, including heterozoan-dominated limestones, spiculitic cherts, sandstones, siltstones and shales, record deposition within inner, middle and outer shelf areas. The lowermost sequence, TR1, comprises most of the basal Vøringen Member, which records a transgression across the Gipshuken Formation following a hiatus of unknown duration. Temperate to cold, storm-dominated facies established in inner to middle shelf areas between the latest Artinskian and Kungurian. Prolonged deepening during sequences TR2 and TR3 was succeeded by a long-term shallowing-upward trend that lasted until the latest Permian (TR4–TR7). A major depocentre existed in central and western Spitsbergen while to the north, Dickson Land remained a shallow platform, leading to a shallow homoclinal ramp in NE Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet. The Middle Permian extinction (late Capitanian) is recorded near the base of TR6 in deeper parts of the basin only; elsewhere this sequence is not recorded. Likewise the youngest sequence, TR7, extending to the upper formational contact of latest Permian age, is found only in the basin depocentre. Comparison with age-equivalent strata in the Sverdrup Basin of Canada reveals a remarkably similar depositional history, with, for example, two (third-order) sea-level cycles recorded in the Late Permian of both regions, in keeping with the global record. Sequence stratigraphy may therefore be a powerful correlative tool for onshore and offshore Permian deposits across NW Pangaea

Changes in Body Weight and Psychotropic Drugs: A Systematic Synthesis of the Literature

<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychotropic medication use is associated with weight gain. While there are studies and reviews comparing weight gain for psychotropics within some classes, clinicians frequently use drugs from different classes to treat psychiatric disorders.</p> <h3>Objective</h3><p>To undertake a systematic review of all classes of psychotropics to provide an all encompassing evidence-based tool that would allow clinicians to determine the risks of weight gain in making both intra-class and interclass choices of psychotropics.</p> <h3>Methodology and Results</h3><p>We developed a novel hierarchical search strategy that made use of systematic reviews that were already available. When such evidence was not available we went on to evaluate randomly controlled trials, followed by cohort and other clinical trials, narrative reviews, and, where necessary, clinical opinion and anecdotal evidence. The data from the publication with the highest level of evidence based on our hierarchical classification was presented. Recommendations from an expert panel supplemented the evidence used to rank these drugs within their respective classes. Approximately 9500 articles were identified in our literature search of which 666 citations were retrieved. We were able to rank most of the psychotropics based on the available evidence and recommendations from subject matter experts. There were few discrepancies between published evidence and the expert panel in ranking these drugs.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Potential for weight gain is an important consideration in choice of any psychotropic. This tool will help clinicians select psychotropics on a case-by-case basis in order to minimize the impact of weight gain when making both intra-class and interclass choices.</p> </div

Modeling of heat stratification in storage tanks of solar heating systems

Artykuł przedstawia rozważania dotyczące uwzględniania stratyfikacji ciepła w zasobnikach ciepła w analizach funkcjonowania słonecznych instalacji grzewczych. Opisano model działania instalacji słonecznej do podgrzewania c.w.u. i do ogrzewania pomieszczeń. Zaprezentowano wyniki symulacji numerycznej funkcjonowania różnych wybranych typów instalacji. Opisano wpływ występowania stratyfikacji ciepła w zasobnikach na pokrycie zapotrzebowania na ciepło.The paper presents consideration of taking into account the heat stratification in storage tanks in analysis of solar heating systems operation. Model of DHW and space heating solar system have been described. Results of numerical simulation of different types of solar heating systems operation have been presented. Influence of the thermal stratification in storage tanks on the rate of heat supplied to a building has been described

Solar energy availability and shaping building facade

W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące oddziaływania energii promieniowania słonecznego na obudowę wybranego kształtu budynku niskoenergetycznego. Na podstawie przyjętego modelu matematycznego napromieniowywania słonecznego powierzchni budynku, zgodnie ze zmieniającymi się w czasie warunkami otoczenia, przeprowadzono symulację oddziaływania promieniowania słonecznego na budynek w kolejnych miesiącach uśrednionego roku. Na tej podstawie sformułowano wnioski odnośnie do tworzenia przedmiotowego kształtu budynku i jego struktury.The paper considers solar energy availability on the selected facade shape of a low energy building. On a base of mathematical model of solar energy availability the numerical simulation of solar radiation incident on surfaces of the building envelope for the whole year has been performed. Results allow to formulate recommendation for structure of building envelope

Energy balance of a room with impact of solar energy

Opisano model matematyczny bilansu energii dla powietrza w modelowym pomieszczeniu budynku zlokalizowanego w Warszawie. Zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki symulacji numerycznej dynamiki zjawisk zachodzących w budynku i jego otoczeniu z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania energii promieniowania słonecznego.Mathematical model of energy balance of air in a room modeled for a building in Warsaw has been described. Some selected results of numerical simulation of building dynamics and changes of the building surrounding with impact of solar energy have been presented