Occasional papers

no.4 (1994

Obstructing The Bernardo Investigation: Kenneth Murray and the Defence Counsel’s Conflicting Obligations to Clients and the Court

This article focuses on how the investigation and prosecution of Paul Bernardo not only exposed one of Ontario‟s most notorious killers but led to significant discussion about the legal and ethical obligations faced by criminal defence lawyers. Using the example of the prosecution of Kenneth Murray, Bernardo‟s lawyer, for obstruction of justice, this paper examines the tension that is created between the conflicting duties owed by defence lawyers to candor and confidentiality. The limits of confidentiality are explored, as is the importance of the solicitor-client relationship to the legal system and whether (or when) there is a duty to disclose the possession of physical evidence. This paper will ultimately demonstrate that the ethical obligations faced by criminal defence counsel are often highly contextual and can only be decided on a case-by-case basis. As such, it is important that lawyers are provided with adequate guidance on difficult ethical and legal situations. However, despite Murray‟s prosecution (and acquittal), defence lawyers could still benefit from greater guidance in these difficult and legally-significant situations

Characterization of Chlorinated Solvent Degradation in a Constructed Wetland

Widespread chlorinated ethene contamination of aquifers coupled with high costs of current treatment technologies demand innovative remediation solutions. Wetlands, maintaining anaerobic and aerobic zones promoting the complete degradation of chlorinated ethenes such as Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), could be the answer. This thesis characterized the chlorinated solvent contamination levels in three strata of an upward flow constructed wetland. Analysis of samples was accomplished by purge-and-trap gas chromatography. Water quality parameters, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), pH, Conductivity, and Temperature, were also measured in monitoring wells with a water monitoring sonde. After removing data outliers caused by short-circuiting flow, PCE concentrations declined from an average of 32,59 ± 0,699 ppb (± 95% confidence interval) in the inflow stream to an average of 0.171 ± 0.079 ppb in the upper layer (99,3% reduction). Concentration trends of PCE degradation products cis-1,1 -Dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), Vinyl Chloride (VC), and Trichloroethylene TCE) indicate dechlorination processes are occurring. In addition to PCE, TCE at concentrations below 0,6 ppb was the only other analyte detected in the inflow and outflow, Water quality measurements (DO and 0RP) decreased from the bottom to the middle layer to a level that supports anaerobic reductive dechlorination but not methanogenesis. The DO increased slightly from the middle to the top layer while 0RP continued to decrease

Psychosocial correlates of attitudes towards male sexual violence in a sample of financial crime, property crime, general violent, and homicide offenders

Whilst those currently serving prison sentences for sexual violence can be identified and receive treatment, the number of prisoners with a history of sexual violence against female partners is unknown. Methods to identify prisoners with a proclivity for such violence and accurately assess the risk they pose before and after incarceration are therefore required. Here, we aimed to assess the level of sexually violent attitudes within dating relationships and to examine their associations with experiences of child abuse and neglect (CAN), psychopathic personality traits, prisonization, number of incarcerations, age, years of schooling, relationship status, and parenting among different types of offenders (financial crime, property crime, general violent, and homicide offenders). Data were collected among a large systematically selected sample of adult male inmates (N = 1,123). We demonstrated that sexual violence-supportive attitudes appear to be a function of child sexual abuse, psychopathic personality traits, and may be developed through early socialisation experiences as well as incarceration. Practical implications of current findings are discussed

Number 4 (June 1977)

A Status Report on the Bayou Darter, Etheostoma rubrum, and the Bayou Pierre System. By R.D. Suttkus and G. Clemmer, plus News Notes, 4 pp

Adsorption Isotherms of Hydrogen: The Role of Thermal Fluctuations

It is shown that experimentally obtained isotherms of adsorption on solid substrates may be completely reconciled with Lifshitz theory when thermal fluctuations are taken into account. This is achieved within the framework of a solid-on-solid model which is solved numerically. Analysis of the fluctuation contributions observed for hydrogen adsorption onto gold substrates allows to determine the surface tension of the free hydrogen film as a function of film thickness. It is found to decrease sharply for film thicknesses below seven atomic layers.Comment: RevTeX manuscript (3 pages output), 3 figure

Embodying prison pain: women’s experiences of self-injury in prison and the emotions of punishment

This paper explores the meanings and motivations of self-injury practices as disclosed in interviews with a small group of female former prisoners in England. In considering their testimonies through a feminist perspective, I seek to illuminate aspects of their experiences of imprisonment that go beyond the ‘pains of imprisonment’ literature. Specifically, I examine their accounts of self-injury with a focus on the embodied aspects of their experiences. In so doing, I highlight the materiality of the emotional harms of their prison experiences. I suggest that the pains of imprisonment are still very much inscribed on and expressed through the prisoner’s body. This paper advances a more theoretically situated, interdisciplinary critique of punishment drawn from medical-sociological, phenomenological and feminist scholarship

Resolution and structural transitions of elongated states of ubiquitin

Electrospray ionization, combined with two-dimensional ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry, is used to produce, select, and activate distributions of elongated ions, [M ϩ 11H] 11ϩ to [M ϩ 13H] 13ϩ , of ubiquitin. The analysis makes it possible to examine state-to-state transitions for structural types, and transition diagrams associated with the efficiencies of structural changes are presented. The ϩ11 and ϩ12 charge states can form four resolvable states while only one state is formed for [M ϩ 13H] 13ϩ . Some conformations, which appear to belong to the same family based on mobility analysis of different charge states, undergo similar transitions, others do not. Activation of ions that exist in low-abundance conformations, having mobilities that fall in between sharp peaks associated with higher abundances species, shows that the low-abundance forms undergo efficient (ϳ90 to 100%) conversion into states associated with well-defined peaks. This efficiency is significantly higher than the ϳ10 to 60% efficiency of transitions of structures associated with well-defined peaks. The formation of sharp features from a range of low-intensity species with different cross sections indicates that large regions of conformation space must be unfavorable or inaccessible in the gas phase. These results are compared with several previous IMS measurements of this system as well as information about gas-phase structure provided by other techniques. Studies of solvent-free proteins and peptides are important because of both fundamental and practical considerations. In the absence of solvation shells (or with minimal solvent), it is possible to extract kinetic and thermodynamic benchmarks about the formation of specific types of folds and tease out the influence of solvent-molecule and intramolecular factors in establishing conformation [2] A number of groups have worked to combine ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and MS with the aim of using differences in ion mobility to separate components of a mixture that would not be resolved by MS alone [21, 22]. The mobility of a macromolecular ion through a buffer gas depends on its charge and shape (average collision cross section with the buffer gas, ⍀). Recently, we have ex- tended a hybrid IMS/MS instrument to include additional IMS dimensions leading to IMS-IMS/MS and IMS-IMS-IMS/MS instrument designs As one develops new IMS techniques (as well as other methods) it is important to revisit model systems, where some fundamental understanding of the nature of the system exists. In the present paper, we focus on the ϩ11 to ϩ13 charge states of ubiquitin ions produced by standard ESI conditions. Ubiquitin is a small, 76 amino acid protein that, under most ESI source conditions, favors the ϩ5 to ϩ13 charge states [27

Screening and sequencing of sialylated glycosphingolipids in human glioblastoma by ion mobility mass spectrometry

High performance ion mobility separation mass spectrometry (IMS MS) was thoroughly optimized to allow the discovery of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-specific structures and the assessment of their roles as tumor markers or possible associated antigens. Ganglioside (GG) separation by IMS according to the charge state, carbohydrate chain length, degree of sialylation and ceramide composition, led to the identification of no less than 160 distinct components [1], which represents 3 folds the number of structures identified before. The detected GGs and asialo-GGs were found characterized by a high heterogeneity in their ceramide and glycan compositions, encompassing up five Neu5Ac residues. The tumor was found dominated in equal and high proportions by GD3 and GT1 forms, with a particular incidence of C24:1 fatty acids in the ceramide