A program for a problem free Cosmology within a framework of a rich class of scalar tensor theories

A search for a problem free cosmology within the framework of an effective non - minimally coupled scalar tensor theory is suggested. With appropriate choice of couplings in variants of a Lee - Wick model [as also in a model supporting Q - ball solutions], non topological solutions [NTS's], varying in size upto 10 kpc to 1 Mpc can exist. We explore the properties of a ``toy'' Milne model containing a distribution of NTS domains. The interior of these domains would be regions where effective gravitational effects would be indistinguishable from those expected in standard Einstein theory. For a large class of non - minimal coupling terms and the scalar effective potential, the effective cosmological constant identically vanishes. The model passes classical cosmological tests and we describe reasons to expect it to fare well as regards nucleosynthesis and structure formation.Comment: 20 pages, Plain Tex, references added and expanded the previous version of article, 2 figures available from [email protected]

Behavior of Quasilocal Mass Under Conformal Transformations

We show that in a generic scalar-tensor theory of gravity, the ``referenced'' quasilocal mass of a spatially bounded region in a classical solution is invariant under conformal transformations of the spacetime metric. We first extend the Brown-York quasilocal formalism to such theories to obtain the ``unreferenced'' quasilocal mass and prove it to be conformally invariant. The appropriate reference term in this case is defined by generalizing the Hawking-Horowitz prescription, which was originally proposed for general relativity. For such a choice of reference term, the referenced quasilocal mass for a general spacetime solution is obtained. This expression is shown to be a conformal invariant provided the conformal factor is a monotonic function of the scalar field. We apply this expression to the case of static spherically symmetric solutions with arbitrary asymptotics to obtain the referenced quasilocal mass of such solutions. Finally, we demonstrate the conformal invariance of our quasilocal mass formula by applying it to specific cases of four-dimensional charged black hole spacetimes, of both the asymptotically flat and non-flat kinds, in conformally related theories.Comment: LaTeX, 31 pages, one ps figur

Abatacept and the risk of malignancy:a meta-analysis across disease indications

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between abatacept use and the incidence of malignancy excluding non-melanomatous skin cancers (NMSCs).METHODS: Systematic database searches were performed, to April 2024, to identify phase II/III/IV randomised clinical trials (RCTs), long-term extension (LTE) and observational cohort studies of abatacept in people with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Network and pairwise meta-analyses were performed to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for malignancy excluding NMSC, comparing abatacept with placebo and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in RCT/LTE studies. Pairwise meta-analyses evaluated the same outcome in observational studies, comparing abatacept with conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) and biologic/targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).RESULTS: In 18 eligible RCTs and 10 LTE studies, there were 15 535 person-years of exposure to abatacept, 1495 to placebo, and 733 to TNFi. In network meta-analyses of combined RCT/LTE data, the incidence of all malignancies excluding NMSCs was not significantly different between abatacept and placebo (IRR 0.58; 95% CI 0.32-1.09) or TNFi (IRR 0.72; 95% 0.27-1.87). In observational data, the incidence of malignancy was higher with abatacept, relative to other b/tsDMARDs (IRR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15-1.28), but not significantly different compared with csDMARDs (IRR 0.97; 95% CI 0.90-1.06).CONCLUSIONS: Abatacept was associated with a higher incidence of malignancy compared with other b/tsDMARDs in observational studies, but not when compared with placebo or TNFi in RCT/LTE data. Further pharmacovigilance data is essential to help elucidate whether abatacept modifies cancer risk.PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023382314.</p

Sequential membrane- and protein-bound organelles compartmentalize genomes during phage infection

Many eukaryotic viruses require membrane-bound compartments for replication, but no such organelles are known to be formed by prokaryotic viruses. Bacteriophages of the Chimalliviridae family sequester their genomes within a phage-generated organelle, the phage nucleus, which is enclosed by a lattice of the viral protein ChmA. We show that inhibiting phage nucleus formation arrests infections at an early stage in which the injected phage genome is enclosed within a membrane-bound early phage infection (EPI) vesicle. Early phage genes are expressed from the EPI vesicle, demonstrating its functionality as a prokaryotic, transcriptionally active, membrane-bound organelle. We also show that the phage nucleus is essential, with genome replication beginning after the injected DNA is transferred from the EPI vesicle to the phage nucleus. Our results show that Chimalliviridae require two sophisticated subcellular compartments of distinct compositions and functions that facilitate successive stages of the viral life cycle

Android Based Instant Messaging Application Using Firebase (SANDESH)

This paper is devoted to exploring the way how the mobile instant messaging Sandesh is deployed to further improve the quality the swotting of a second or foreign lang. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the actual studies related to Sandesh and lang.swotting published in peer-reviewed journals. Thirty-seven studies were selected after a four-phasearticle identification procedure and a systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of Sandesh onlang.swotting. The research focused on the keywords, sample sizes, participants, data sets, duration, and lang.swotting benefits of the studies. The results have shown that Sandesh has been used diversely in lang.swotting. The studies foundevidence that Sandesh can be used to improve the four lang. skills (i.e. reading, listening, writing, and speaking), coherentlang. skills, and vocabulary. Moreover, Sandesh was found to be effective in increasing motivation and lang. attitudes, furthering learner autonomy, increasing interactivity, and lowering lang. anxiety. The study also provided futureresearch directions and recommendations for practice concerning how to appropriately employ mobile instant messagingin lang.swotting.The broad objective of the study is to examine Uses &amp; Gratifications of theSandesh among youth. The objective of our research is a)To study the usage of Sandesh among Youths, b)To know what motivates them to use Sandesh, c)To explorewhether Sandesh fulfills their needs of maintainingtheir social relationships, d)To find out whether Sandesh fulfillstheir expectations.The mobile tech. has been used by educators to comply with the demands and challenges of a worldwide competitive society. The apps of these devices are reckoned to liberate their users from spatial- and temporal as well as time-related restrictions (Gourova, Asenova, &amp; Dulev, 2013). In addition, these apps provide learners with chance for self-swotting and they can be used in and outside the classroom for practicing a foreign lang.. A growing body of research has recognized the important role of mobile technologies for efficient swotting. In lang.swotting, mobile swotting took the form of mobile-assistedlang.swotting(MALL). There is evidence in the literature that MALL has a great value for swotting separately (Bull &amp; Reid, 2004) and collaboratively (Hine, Rentoul, &amp; Specht, 2004; Rambe &amp; Chipunza, 2013). Mobile instant messaging (MIM)services are also commonly used by learners and teachers under MALL as theyhelp further individual swottingexperiences.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Temporal trends in hospitalisations for venous thromboembolic events in England:a population-level analysis

OBJECTIVES: To describe temporal trends in hospitalisation episodes for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in England, and compare hospitalisation rates for pulmonary emboli (PEs) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).METHODS: Retrospective observational study.SETTING: Secondary care in England, UK, between April 1998 and March 2022.PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with hospitalisations for VTE recorded in the NHS Digital Hospital Episode Statistics dataset.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was temporal trends in hospitalisation episodes for PE, DVT and VTE overall between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 2022. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of all-cause hospital admissions that were due to VTE; the proportion of all VTE hospitalisations that were recorded as primary admission diagnoses; the male/female split in hospitalisation episodes for VTE; and temporal changes in hospitalisation rates by age.RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2022, hospitalisations for VTE increased by 62.6%, from 109.5 to 178.1 per 100 000 population. This was driven by a 202% increase in hospitalisations for PE (from 40.4 to 122.2 per 100 000 population). In contrast, hospitalisations for DVT decreased by 19.1% over this period (from 69.1 to 55.9 per 100 000 population). Overall, VTE remained stable as a proportion of all-cause hospital admissions between 1998/1999 and 2019/2020 (0.45% and 0.43%, respectively), before increasing after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (0.59% in 2020/2021 and 0.51% in 2021/2022).CONCLUSION: Hospitalisations for VTE increased markedly in England between 1998 and 2022, driven by large increases in hospitalisations for PE. In contrast, hospitalisations for DVT decreased overall, which may reflect the success of primary care DVT management pathways. Our findings suggest that preventative measures are needed to reduce the incidence of hospitalisations for PE.</p

Influence of Social Media on Youth: A Study of Private University

Internet makes a large offering on online that connect a hard and Fast of section that interacts and change knowledge. Some considerably used social systems collectively with Face book, Twitter, Whatsapp,&nbsp; and Instagram. It has come to be part of all people's life. Social media is a totally vast time period and virtually encompasses numerous different sorts of media, consisting of videos, blogs, etc. It is an area wherein you may transmit statistics approximately different human beings. Social networking is a automobile. It allows all people proportion content material that different human beings can proportion, in turn, with their on-line connections. It offers youths with more than a few blessings and probability to authorize them in numerous methods. Youths can retain civil relationship and may get admission to more statistics than ever before. It has come to be an area where in we spend many hours of the motive of enterprise or entertainment or interact with others or different ambition. The gift have a look at tries to discover the effect of youth with inside the utilization of social media particularly university college students.&nbsp

Response Assessment of Treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in India. The incidence of HCC has been rising due to lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), as well as viral hepatitis infections. Various locoregional therapies (LRTs) are used to treat HCC, including thermal ablation, transarterial therapies, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and transarterial radioembolization (TARE). Traditional response evaluation criteria like WHO and RECIST, which rely on size-based measurements, may not accurately assess treatment response to LRTs. To address this limitation, modified response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (mRECIST) and the LI-RADS treatment response algorithm (LR-TRA) have been developed. mRECIST assesses patient-level response, while LR-TRA provides lesion-level response assessment specifically for HCC treated with LRTs. This article discusses the imaging protocols for diagnosing HCC and the imaging appearances of treated lesions after different LRTs. It explains the criteria for categorizing treatment response, such as LR-TR viable, LR-TR non-viable, and LR-TR equivocal. It also highlights the challenges and future directions in response assessment, including the incorporation of ancillary findings, the assessment of patients receiving a combination of locoregional and systemic therapies, and the potential use of biomarkers like serum AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II. In conclusion, locoregional therapies have expanded the treatment options for HCC, and accurate response assessment is crucial for optimizing patient management. mRECIST and LR-TRA provide valuable tools for evaluating treatment response, and future updates are expected to address specific challenges and incorporate newer approaches like iRECIST and quantitative imaging assessment. Additionally, the use of biomarkers may complement imaging-based response assessment in the future