Strongly lensed neutral hydrogen emission: detection predictions with current and future radio interferometers

Strong gravitational lensing provides some of the deepest views of the Universe, enabling studies of high-redshift galaxies only possible with next-generation facilities without the lensing phenomenon. To date, 21 cm radio emission from neutral hydrogen has only been detected directly out to z~0.2, limited by the sensitivity and instantaneous bandwidth of current radio telescopes. We discuss how current and future radio interferometers such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will detect lensed HI emission in individual galaxies at high redshift. Our calculations rely on a semi-analytic galaxy simulation with realistic HI disks (by size, density profile and rotation), in a cosmological context, combined with general relativistic ray tracing. Wide-field, blind HI surveys with the SKA are predicted to be efficient at discovering lensed HI systems, increasingly so at z > 2. This will be enabled by the combination of the magnification boosts, the steepness of the HI luminosity function at the high-mass end, and the fact that the HI spectral line is relatively isolated in frequency. These surveys will simultaneously provide a new technique for foreground lens selection and yield the highest redshift HI emission detections. More near term (and existing) cm-wave facilities will push the high redshift HI envelope through targeted surveys of known lenses.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters, 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Optimasi Produksi Lapangan Gas dengan Analisis Nodal

Produktivitas sumur ditunjukkan dari kemampuan suatu formasi untuk memproduksi fluida yangdikandungnya pada kondisi tertentu. Evaluasi produktivitas sumur-sumur pada Lapangan“Parahita” ini dilakukan dengan Analisa Nodal. Permintaan gas dari konsumen sebesar 250MMscfd. Oleh karena itu perlu dianalisa berapa laju alir yang dapat diproduksikan olehmasing-masing sumur untuk memenuhi permintaan tersebut tanpa melewati batasan kritisnya.Metode yang digunakan menggunakan analisa nodal, perhitungan laju alir kritis, danperamalan produksi dengan plateau rate tertentu. Perhitungan dan analisa dibantu dengansoftware Prosper dan MBAL. Makalah ini menyajikan cara dan hasil optimasi produksi dari sumursumurdi Lapangan Gas “Parahita”

Power computation for the triboelectric nanogenerator

We consider, from a mathematical perspective, the power generated by a contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerator, an energy harvesting device that has been well studied recently. We encapsulate the behaviour of the device in a differential equation, which although linear and of first order, has periodic coefficients, leading to some interesting mathematical problems. In studying these, we derive approximate forms for the mean power generated and the current waveforms, and describe a procedure for computing the Fourier coefficients for the current, enabling us to show how the power is distributed over the harmonics. Comparisons with accurate numerics validate our analysis

Routine repeat head CT may not be necessary for patients with mild TBI.

Background:Routine repeat cranial CT (RHCT) is standard of care for CT-verified traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite mixed evidence, those with mild TBI are subject to radiation and expense from serial CT scans. Thus, we investigated the necessity and utility of RHCT for patients with mild TBI. We hypothesized that repeat head CT in these patients would not alter patient care or outcomes. Methods:We retrospectively studied patients suffering from mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 13-15) and treated at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from November 2014 through January 2015. The primary outcome was the need for surgical intervention. Outcomes were compared using paired Student's t-test, and stratified by injury on initial CT, GCS change, demographics, and presenting vital signs (mean ± SD). Results:Eighty-five patients met inclusion criteria with an average initial GCS score=14.6±0.57. Our center sees about 2800 patients with TBI per year, or about 230 per month. This includes patients with concussions. This sample represents about 30% of patients with TBI seen during the study period. Ten patients required operation (four based on initial CT and others for worsening GCS, headaches, large unresolving injury). There was progression of injury on repeat CT scan in only two patients that required operation, and this accompanied clinical deterioration. The mean brain Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was 4.8±0.3 for surgical patients on initial CT scan compared with 3.4±0.6 (P<0.001) for non-surgical patients. Initial CT subdural hematoma size was 1.1±0.6 cm for surgical patients compared with 0.49±0.3 cm (P=0.05) for non-surgical patients. There was no significant difference between intervention groups in terms of other intracranial injuries, demographics, vital signs, or change in GCS. Overall, 75 patients that did not require surgical intervention received RHCT. At $340 per CT,$51 000 was spent on unnecessary imaging ($367 000/year, extrapolated). Discussion:In an environment of increased scrutiny on healthcare expenditures, it is necessary to question dogma and eliminate unnecessary cost. Our data questions the use of routine repeat head CT scans in every patient with anatomic TBI and suggests that clinically stable patients with small injury can simply be followed clinically. Level of evidence:Level III

The effect of drugs in altering susceptibility to motion sickness in aerobatics and the slow rotation room

Drugs altering susceptibility to motion sickness in aerobatics and slow rotation roo

Nutrition support practices in critically ill head-injured patients: a global perspective

Background: Critical illness following head injury is associated with a hypermetabolic state but there are insufficient epidemiological data describing acute nutrition delivery to this group of patients. Furthermore, there is little information describing relationships between nutrition and clinical outcomes in this population. Methods: We undertook an analysis of observational data, collected prospectively as part of International Nutrition Surveys 2007-2013, and extracted data obtained from critically ill patients with head trauma. Our objective was to describe global nutrition support practices in the first 12 days of hospital admission after head trauma, and to explore relationships between energy and protein intake and clinical outcomes. Data are presented as mean (SD), median (IQR), or percentages. Results: Data for 1045 patients from 341 ICUs were analyzed. The age of patients was 44.5 (19.7) years, 78 % were male, and median ICU length of stay was 13.1 (IQR 7.9-21.6) days. Most patients (94 %) were enterally fed but received only 58 % of estimated energy and 53 % of estimated protein requirements. Patients from an ICU with a feeding protocol had greater energy and protein intakes (p <0.001, 0.002 respectively) and were more likely to survive (OR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.42-0.99; p = 0.043) than those without. Energy or protein intakes were not associated with mortality. However, a greater energy and protein deficit was associated with longer times until discharge alive from both ICU and hospital (all p <0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional deficits are commonplace in critically ill head-injured patients and these deficits are associated with a delay to discharge alive.Lee-anne S. Chapple, Marianne J. Chapman, Kylie Lange, Adam M. Deane and Daren K. Heylan

Perbandingan Biaya Proyek Gedung Empat Lantai STKIP Kie Raha Ternate Dengan Metode Earned Value

Pada setiap proyek diperlukan tindakan pengendalian dari segi biaya dan waktu. Akan tetapi sebelum dilakukan tindakan pengendalian biaya dan waktu, perlu diketahui terlebih dulu kinerja proyek yang telah berlangsung. Dengan salah satu cara inilah kita mendapati perbandingan diantara dua nilai yang akan dianalisa. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui kinerja proyek adalah metode Earned Value. Metode Earned Value memadukan unsur jadwal, biaya dan prestasi kerja. Analisa Earned Value ini akan diterapkan pada proyek Proyek Pembangunan Kantor Pusat Administrasi STKIP Kie Raha di Ternate. Kinerja proyek dianalisa berdasarkan indeks performansi biaya dan waktu. Perhitungan didasarkan pada data biaya yang dianggarkan untuk pekerjaan yang direncanakan (Planned Value), biaya yang dianggarkan untuk pekerjaan yang telah dilaksanakan (Earned Value) dan biaya yang telah dikeluarkan (Actual Cost). Hasil analisa pada minggu ke - 7 menunjukkan bahwa biaya yang dikeluarkan lebih rendah dari biaya yang dianggarkan atau waktu pelaksanaan lebih cepat dari jadwal rencana yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai CPI = 1,1079 (CPI > 1) dan SPI = 1.0424 (SPI >1). Hasil perhitungan Earned Value didapati bahwa perbandingan biaya proyek yang direncanakan dengan biaya yang dihasilkan dari perhitungan earned value ialah Rp. 693,194,966,00. Dimana dalam perencanaan biaya yang dianggarkan ialah Rp. 16,551,242,600,00. Sedangkan biaya yang didapat dari perhitungan earned value ialah Rp 15,858,047,634,0

The fate of bone marrow-derived cells carrying a polycystic kidney disease mutation in the genetically normal kidney

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic condition in which dedifferentiated and highly proliferative epithelial cells form renal cysts and is frequently treated by renal transplantation. Studies have reported that bone marrow-derived cells give rise to renal epithelial cells, particularly following renal injury as often occurs during transplantation. This raises the possibility that bone marrow-derived cells from a PKD-afflicted recipient could populate a transplanted kidney and express a disease phenotype. However, for reasons that are not clear the reoccurrence of PKD has not been reported in a genetically normal renal graft. We used a mouse model to examine whether PKD mutant bone marrow-derived cells are capable of expressing a disease phenotype in the kidney

Not ‘Islands, Entire of Themselves’: Exploring the Spatial Context of City-level Robbery Rates

The current study examines spatial dependence in robbery rates for a sample of 1,056 cities with 25,000 or more residents over the 2000–2003 period. Although commonly considered in some macro-level research, spatial processes have not been examined in relation to city-level variation in robbery. The results of our regression analyses suggest that city robbery rates are not spatially independent. We find that spatial dependence is better accounted for by spatial error models than by spatial lag models. Further exploration of various spatial weights matrices indicates that robbery rates of cities within the same state are related to robbery rates of other cities within the same state, regardless of their proximity. Our analyses illustrate how systematic inquiry into spatial processes can alert researchers to important omitted variable biases and identify intriguing problems for future research