MHD Analysis of Couple Stress Nanofluid through a Tapered Non-Uniform Channel with Porous Media and Slip-Convective Boundary Effects

The current research addresses the peristaltic transport mechanism that propels fluid through a conduit through rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the conduit walls, a phenomenon evident in numerous biological systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Motivated by applications in nano-pharmacological drug delivery and thermo-biomagnetic therapy, a mathematical and computational analysis of radiative heat transfer in peristaltic pumping of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) couple stress nanofluid through a tapered asymmetric passage, with the influences of a porous medium and wall slip, is presented. Buongiorno's two-component nanoscale model is deployed and the Stokes couple stress non-Newtonian model utilized. Physically the porous medium is modelled with a drag force formulation and simulates the presence of obstructions and deposits in the gastric tract and blood vessels. The governing equations for the couple stress nanofluid are reduced by employing the long-wavelength approximation and the low Reynolds number condition, both standard approaches in fluid dynamics research. Analytical solutions are derived for axial velocity, temperature profile, nanoparticle concentration, stream function, and pressure gradient, providing a comprehensive understanding of the flow dynamics. Furthermore, numerical integration methods are utilized to calculate the average pressure increase (ΔP) and the heat transfer coefficient (Z). The impact of critical parameters namely the Hartmann number (M), Brownian motion parameter (í µí± í µí±), thermophoresis parameter (í µí± í µí±¡), Prandtl number (Pr), slip parameter (L) and radiation parameter (Rn) on fluid dynamics is examined through comprehensive graphical representations. The findings indicate that peristaltic pumping efficiency is superior in a uniform channel relative to a non-uniform channel, underscoring the influence of channel geometry on flow performance. Moreover, the synergistic effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion result in a substantial 2 2 elevation of fluid temperature, enhancing thermal energy transfer throughout the system. Increasing wall slip parameter diminishes the friction between the fluid and the channel walls, facilitating smoother fluid flow and decreasing thermal resistance. Stronger radiative heat flux promotes energy absorption in the system, resulting in accelerated fluid cooling at the boundary of the conduit (channel). Increasing non-uniformity parameter associated with asymmetry (m) leads to a diminished nanoparticle concentration. Increasing Brownian motion nanoscale parameter elevates nanoparticle concentrations. A strong modification is also computed with thermophoretic nanoscale parameter. Heat transfer coefficient displays oscillatory behavior attributable to the contraction and expansion of the channel walls. The complete flow zone is categorized into four quadrants (peristaltic pumping zone, increased flow zone, free pumping zone and retrograde pumping zone) based on the pressure difference (í µí»¥í µí±) and time average of the flux over one period of the wave (í µí»©), each indicating a distinct flow behavior. Increasing Hartmann magnetic number augments peristaltic pumping. An increase in Grashof number (Gr) i.e. thermal buoyancy parameter correlates with enhanced pumping throughout all four quadrants. This study offers significant insights into enhancing peristaltic transport processes in industrial, medicinal, and environmental contexts, especially concerning MHD nanofluids inside intricate geometries featuring porous media and slip circumstances

Identification of Novel Gene Expression Patterns and Genetic Mechanisms in Asthma affected Patients Treated with Budesonide

Aim: To identify the significant genes and pathways involved in asthma patients and asthma-affected patients treated with Budesonide is the aim of our research. Materials and Methods: DNA microarray analysis for asthma has been performed and significant DEGs are identified. Up-regulated genes and down-regulated genes were identified by GEO2R analysis. Gene-Gene interaction was predicted using the STRING. Gene Ontology was analyzed by using the STRING and FunRich. Hub genes were observed by using CytoHubba plugins of Cytoscape. Results: By analyzing GEO2R, 22 genes were upregulated genes and 16 genes were downregulated genes. We have obtained the gene comprising 28 nodes and 8 edges with an estimating clustering coefficient of 0.25 in pHBECs with not treated and pHBECs treated with Budesonide. Gene ontology has shown the 27 genes located in the large intestine as a COSMIC analysis more than other analyses. By using the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape, identified MMP3, TSLP, POSTN, ETS1, and SAA1 as hub genes. Conclusion: Due to this limitation, the medications that are brought into the market are not site-directed, and rather they showed random inhibitory actions. So we have developed a computational pipeline to identify the significant novel genes and novel pathways involved in the asthma patient and asthma-affected patient treated with Budesonide.</jats:p

Systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a rare generalized disorder of connective tissue origin. This condition is predominantly a clinical diagnosis, based on the clinical signs and symptoms. Here is a case report of 26-year-old female patient with the classical features of this disease. This case is reported for its rarity and variable expressivity. This article also reviews the literature of this uncommon condition

Nickel removal from electroplating industry wastewater: A bamboo activated carbon

Water is prime requirement for surviving of any living beings.  The existence of surface water and groundwater sources are used for domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes in all over the world. Fresh water from both the water sources is highly contaminated in recent years because of rapid population growth, modern agriculture and industrial growth. Among them, contamination of water sources due to industrialization is high and it requires more attention to protect those water sources.  In this study, nickel removal from electroplating industry wastewater was done with the help of bamboo activated carbon.  The nickel removal from electroplating industry wastewater by bamboo activated carbon was done in this study at various adsorbent dosages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/L), agitation speeds (25, 50, 75 and 100 rpm), particle sizes (2.36, 1.18, 0.6 and 0.3 mm), and concentration dilutions (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The maximum removal percentage of nickel from electroplating industry wastewater using bamboo activated carbon was found to be 98.7 % at an optimum adsorption dosage 1.5 g/L, agitation speed 25 rpm, particle size 0.6 mm and concentration dilution 75 % with 110 min. contact time and 5.5 pH.  Functional groups available in a bamboo activated carbon before and after treatment were determined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis specified that alkanes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, amines, aromatic compounds, alkyl halides, ethers, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes functional groups in bamboo activated carbon was contributed for removing nickel from the electroplating industry wastewater. Isotherm models were used to know the adsorption behaviour of bamboo activated carbon for removing nickel from electroplating industry wastewater.  Isotherm results revealed that Langmuir model was best suited with the equilibrium data than Freundlich model.  Finally, this study concluded that bamboo activated carbon was best suited for removing nickel from electroplating industry wastewater

Subepithelial connective tissue grafts for the coverage of denuded root surfaces: A clinical report

<b>Aims and Objectives:</b> The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) in the coverage of denuded roots. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 16 sites with &#8805;2 mm of recession height were included in the study for treatment with SCTG. The clinical parameters, such as recession height, recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at the baseline, third month, and at the end of the study [sixth month]. The defects were treated with a coronally positioned pedicle graft combined with connective tissue graft. <b> Results:</b> Out of 16 sites treated with SCTG, 11 sites showed complete (100&#x0025;) root coverage; the mean root coverage obtained was 87.5&#x0025;. There was a statistically significant reduction in recession height, recession width, and probing pocket depth. There was also a statistically significant increase in the width of keratinized gingiva and also a gain in clinical attachment level. The postoperative results were both clinically and statistically significant (<i> P <</i> 0.05). <b> Conclusion:</b> From this study, it may be concluded that SCTG is a safe and effective method for the coverage of denuded roots