Updating the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) Global Population and Human Capital Projections

The first set of population projections following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) was developed in 2013. These projections have found widespread use within the environmental and climate change community, among others. In 2018, an SSPs update was generated but not integrated into the SSP database. In 2021, the SSP community requested an update of the human core of the SSPs, which is detailed in this report. This updated version is based on 2020 as the reference year, with adjustments to certain short-term assumptions extending to 2030. Consequently, the assumptions' trend component is grounded in recent observed changes. The modeling approaches for fertility, mortality, and educational attainment have been revised. Notably, there are updates to education-specific fertility rates with new estimates. Education-specific mortality has been made specific to countries and regions. Additionally, this version introduces explicit education-specific migration differentials. The paper presents a comparison between the methodology used for developing the global population and education projections under the five SSPs and the previous method. Furthermore, a brief analysis is conducted on the primary results regarding population size and composition, with comparisons made to earlier projections and other organizations, including the United Nations Population Division

Characterization of acaricide resistance in tick isolates collected from Rajasthan, India

      Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum are the most common tick species infesting milk and meat producing animals throughout the country. The present study was conducted to evaluate the acaricide resistance status of the tick species to deltamethrin, cypermethrin, diazinon collected from 10 districts of Rajasthan. Characterization of resistance was carried out by adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packet test (LPT). In case of (B.) microplus resistance to deltamethrin at level I (RF = 2.5 – 4.9) in 02 isolates, at level II in 03 isolates (RF = 5.4 – 11.5) and level IV in 02 isolates (RF = 48.1 – 95.7) was detected. The resistance to cypermethrin was detected in 08 isolates of which resistance at level I in 03 isolates (RF = 2.7 - 4.58) and at level II in 05 isolates (RF = 8.05 – 16.2). Diazinon resistance was detected at level II in 06 isolates (RF = 5.8 –22.8), at level III in 01 isolates (RF = 39.0) and level IV in 02 isolates (RF = 65.9 – 66.0). While in case of H. anatolicum, the resistance to deltamethrin at level I (RF = 1.79 –2.52) in 03 isolates, to cypermethrin in 03 isolates (RF= 2.0 - 3.95) and to diazinon at level I in 03 isolates (RF = 1.32 –2.18) out of eleven isolates was detected.         A significant correlation between esterase enzyme ratio and resistant factor of tick isolates was observed with correlation coefficient (r) in α- and ß-esterase activity. The coefficient of determination (R2) for α- and ß-esterase activity indicated that 55.9 and 50.5% data points of R.(B.) microplus isolates and 66.7 and 47.2% data points of H. anatolicum isolates were very close to the correlation lines.       Analysis of sequence data of 3 targeted positions of the sodium channel gene detected a cytosine (C) to adenine (A) nucleotide substitution (CTC to ATC) at position 190 in domain II S4–5 linker region of para-sodium channel gene in 3 isolates and in reference deltamethrin resistant IVRI-IV line.      The western dry region and central plateau hills region revealed higher density of resistant ticks where intensive crossbred cattle population are reared and synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphate compounds are commonly used. The data shows an urgent need of revisiting the tick control strategy implemented through concerned government/non-government agencies

Study on Pathogenicity of the Aspergillus species in experimentally immunosuppressed mice

Aspergillus, a saprophytic mould, distributed widely in the environment is a frequently recognized etiological agent in a number of disease conditions especially in immunocompromised patients. Mice untreated as well as immunocompromised by administering cortisone, were inoculated intraperitoneally with spores of Aspergillus spp. The administration of cortisone rendered mice highly susceptible to fatal visceral aspergillosis. Heat killed spores produced no evident lesions in control or experimental mice. [Veterinary World 2008; 1(3.000): 69-70

Arthritis and adult respiratory distress syndrome: unusual presentations of typhoid fever

A middle-aged woman presented with fever of 1-month duration along with bilateral knee joint pain, swelling and difficulty in walking for 2 weeks. The patient's Typhidot test was positive for IgM antibodies. Her Widal test was negative, and blood culture and synovial fluid culture were sterile. She was started on ceftriaxone, to which her fever initially responded. However, after 4 days of treatment her disease course was complicated by relapse of fever and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This settled with respiratory support and addition of azithromycin. Following recovery from ARDS and fever, her persistent knee arthritis responded to intra-articular methyl prednisolone instillation

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl