Стратегическое управление через призму повышения конкурентоспособности отечественных предприятий

Рассмотрены предпосылки появления и отличительные особенности основных теоретических концепций стратегического управления, даны предложения по их использованию в практической деятельности для повышения конкурентоспособности отечественных предприятий.Розглянуто передумови появи і відмітні особливості основних теоретичних концепцій стратегічного управління, дано пропозиції щодо їх використання у практичній діяльності для підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних підприємств.The paper considers main theoretical conceptions of strategic management and their specific features. The proposals are given to apply them in practice in order to raise the competitiveness of the domestic enterprises

Optical response of silver nanoneedles on a mirror

Plasmonic properties of metal nanostructures are appealing due to their potential to enhance photovoltaics or sensing performance. Our aim was to identify the plasmonic characteristics of silver nanoneedles on a reflective layer in the polarized optical response. Experimental ellipsometry results are complemented by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations. Plasmon resonances on the nanoneedles can indeed be observed in the polarized optical response. This study reveals the details of the complex antenna-like behaviour of the nanoneedles which gives an agreement between experiment and FDTD simulation. The simulations show that the plasmon resonances lead to an effective negative refractive index, originating from the negative refractive index of the nanoneedles in combination with its supporting substrate, i.e. a mirror. This original study of a complex plasmonic system by ellipsometry and FDTD has great relevance for applications, making use of intricate light matter interaction

Triadic Pattern Detection on Inter‐Industry Production Networks: A Multi‐Commodity Analysis

Triadic motifs are the smallest interconnected building blocks of complex networks, such as production networks. They can be detected as over occurrences with respect to null models that only consider pairwise interactions. Recently, there has been growing interest in the role of triadic motifs in the propagation of economic shocks. However, their characterization at the level of individual commodities is still poorly understood. To address this gap, we analyze both binary and weighted triadic motifs in the Dutch inter‐industry production network disaggregated at the level of 187 commodity groups. We introduce appropriate null models that filter out node heterogeneity and the strong effects of link reciprocity. We find that, while the aggregate network that overlays all products is characterized by a multitude of triadic motifs, most single‐product layers feature no significant motif, and roughly 85% of the layers feature only two motifs or less.This result has several important policy implications. First, it suggests that the propagation of economic shocks through production networks is likely to be complex and heterogeneous, as it will depend on the specific triadic motifs that are present in each commodity layer. Second, it implies that statistical bureaus can identify fine‐grained information about the structural relationships between different commodities by analyzing triadic motifs at the disaggregated level. This information can be used to develop more targeted and effective policy interventions.Overall, the analysis of triadic motifs in production networks has the potential to provide policymakers with valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of these networks. This information can be used to develop more targeted and effective policies to support economic growth and resilience

Triadic Pattern Detection on Inter‐Industry Production Networks: A Multi‐Commodity Analysis

Triadic motifs are the smallest interconnected building blocks of complex networks, such as production networks. They can be detected as over occurrences with respect to null models that only consider pairwise interactions. Recently, there has been growing interest in the role of triadic motifs in the propagation of economic shocks. However, their characterization at the level of individual commodities is still poorly understood. To address this gap, we analyze both binary and weighted triadic motifs in the Dutch inter‐industry production network disaggregated at the level of 187 commodity groups. We introduce appropriate null models that filter out node heterogeneity and the strong effects of link reciprocity. We find that, while the aggregate network that overlays all products is characterized by a multitude of triadic motifs, most single‐product layers feature no significant motif, and roughly 85% of the layers feature only two motifs or less.This result has several important policy implications. First, it suggests that the propagation of economic shocks through production networks is likely to be complex and heterogeneous, as it will depend on the specific triadic motifs that are present in each commodity layer. Second, it implies that statistical bureaus can identify fine‐grained information about the structural relationships between different commodities by analyzing triadic motifs at the disaggregated level. This information can be used to develop more targeted and effective policy interventions.Overall, the analysis of triadic motifs in production networks has the potential to provide policymakers with valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of these networks. This information can be used to develop more targeted and effective policies to support economic growth and resilience

Creation and luminescence of size-selected gold nanorods

Fluorescent metal nanoparticles have attracted great interest in recent years for their unique properties and potential applications. Their optical behaviour depends not only on size but also on shape, and will only be useful if the morphology is stable. In this work, we produce stable size-selected gold nanorods (aspect ratio 1-2) using a size-selected cluster source and correlate their luminescence behaviour with the particle shape. Thermodynamic modelling is used to predict the preferred aspect ratio of 1.5, in agreement with the observations, and confirms that the double-icosahedron observed in experiments is significantly lower in energy than the alternatives. Using these samples a fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy study observed two photon luminescence from nanoparticle arrays and a fast decay process (<100 ps luminescence lifetime), which are similar to those found from ligand stabilized gold nanorods under the same measurement conditions, indicating that a surface plasmon enhanced two-photon excitation process is still active at these small sizes. By further reducing the nanoparticle size, this approach has the potential to investigate size-dependent luminescence behaviour at smaller sizes than has been possible before

Optical properties of MgH2 measured in situ in a novel gas cell for ellipsometry/spectrophotometry

The dielectric properties of alpha-MgH2 are investigated in the photon energy range between 1 and 6.5 eV. For this purpose, a novel sample configuration and experimental setup are developed that allow both optical transmission and ellipsometric measurements of a transparent thin film in equilibrium with hydrogen. We show that alpha-MgH2 is a transparent, colour neutral insulator with a band gap of 5.6 +/- 0.1 eV. It has an intrinsic transparency of about 80% over the whole visible spectrum. The dielectric function found in this work confirms very recent band structure calculations using the GW approximation by Alford and Chou [J.A. Alford and M.Y. Chou (unpublished)]. As Pd is used as a cap layer we report also the optical properties of PdHx thin films.Comment: REVTeX4, 15 pages, 12 figures, 5 table

Experimental determination of the energy difference between competing isomers of deposited, size-selected gold nanoclusters

The equilibrium structures and dynamics of a nanoscale system are regulated by a complex potential energy surface (PES). This is a key target of theoretical calculations but experimentally elusive. We report the measurement of a key PES parameter for a model nanosystem: size-selected Au nanoclusters, soft-landed on amorphous silicon nitride supports. We obtain the energy difference between the most abundant structural isomers of magic number Au561 clusters, the decahedron and face-centred-cubic (fcc) structures, from the equilibrium proportions of the isomers. These are measured by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, with an ultra-stable heating stage, as a function of temperature (125–500 °C). At lower temperatures (20–125 °C) the behaviour is kinetic, exhibiting down conversion of metastable decahedra into fcc structures; the higher state is repopulated at higher temperatures in equilibrium. We find the decahedron is 0.040 ± 0.020 eV higher in energy than the fcc isomer, providing a benchmark for the theoretical treatment of nanoparticles

Different W cluster deposition regimes in pulsed laser ablation observed by in situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

We report on how different cluster deposition regimes can be obtained and observed by in situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) by exploiting deposition parameters in a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. Tungsten clusters were produced by nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation in Ar atmosphere at different pressures and deposited on Au(111) and HOPG surfaces. Deposition regimes including cluster deposition-diffusion-aggregation (DDA), cluster melting and coalescence and cluster implantation were observed, depending on background gas pressure and target-to-substrate distance which influence the kinetic energy of the ablated species. These parameters can thus be easily employed for surface modification by cluster bombardment, deposition of supported clusters and growth of films with different morphologies. The variation in cluster mobility on different substrates and its influence on aggregation and growth mechanisms has also been investigated.Comment: 12 pages (3 figures); Surface Science (accepted

Impact of aspirin on takotsubo syndrome: a propensity score-based analysis of the InterTAK Registry

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of aspirin on prognosis in takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Methods and results: Patients from the International Takotsubo (InterTAK) Registry were categorized into two groups based on aspirin prescription at discharge. A comparison of clinical outcomes between groups was performed using an adjusted analysis with propensity score (PS) stratification; results from the unadjusted analysis were also reported to note the effect of the PS adjustment. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE: a composite of death, myocardial infarction, TTS recurrence, stroke or transient ischaemic attack) were assessed at 30-day and 5-year follow-up. A total of 1533 TTS patients with known status regarding aspirin prescription at discharge were included. According to the adjusted analysis based on PS stratification, aspirin was not associated with a lower hazard of MACCE at 30-day [hazard ratio (HR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50\u20133.04, P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.64] or 5-year follow-up (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.78\u20131.58, P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.58). These results were confirmed by sensitivity analyses performed with alternative PS-based methods, i.e. covariate adjustment and inverse probability of treatment weighting. Conclusion: In the present study, no association was found between aspirin use in TTS patients and a reduced risk of MACCE at 30-day and 5-year follow-up. These findings should be confirmed in adequately powered randomized controlled trials. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01947621

Health Technology Assessment del vaccino ricombinante adiuvato contro il virus respiratorio sinciziale (Arexvy®)

Il virus respiratorio sinciziale (RSV) è uno dei principali agenti eziologici di infezioni respiratorie acute (ARI) ed è storicamente noto per il suo impatto sulla salute nei bambini di età inferiore ai cinque anni, in cui rappresenta la principale causa di bronchioliti [1, 2]. Pur essendo un’importante causa di malattia anche negli adulti con comorbosità e nella popolazione adulta-anziana, l’impatto di RSV in queste fasce di popolazione è stato a lungo sottostimato [1, 3]