Engineering multifunctional dynamic hydrogel for biomedical and tissue regenerative applications

Hydrogels have emerged in various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering and medical devices, due to their ability to imitate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. However, conventional static hydrogels lack the ability to dynamically respond to changes in their surroundings to withstand the robust changes of the biophysical microenvironment and to trigger on-demand functionality such as drug release and mechanical change. In contrast, multifunctional dynamic hydrogels can adapt and respond to external stimuli and have drawn great attention in recent studies. It is realized that the integration of nanomaterials into dynamic hydrogels provides numerous functionalities for a great variety of biomedical applications that cannot be achieved by conventional hydrogels. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in designing and fabricating dynamic hydrogels for biomedical applications. We describe different types of dynamic hydrogels based on breakable and reversible covalent bonds as well as noncovalent interactions. These mechanisms are described in detail as a useful reference for designing crosslinking strategies that strongly influence the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. We also discuss the use of dynamic hydrogels and their potential benefits. This review further explores different biomedical applications of dynamic nanocomposite hydrogels, including their use in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioadhesives, wound healing, cancer treatment, and mechanistic study, as well as multiple-scale biomedical applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of dynamic hydrogels in the field of biomedical engineering, including the integration of diverse technologies

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

Prevalence of tobacco dependence among rural population of Mysuru District

Background: Tobacco is generally a leaf with 1-3% of the alkaloid nicotine Consuming it becomes so dangerous that it is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Tobacco risks include heart attack, gum disease and pre-cancerous mouth lesions etc. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the prevalence of Tobacco dependence and factors that contribute to tobacco dependence among rural populations. Objectives of current study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco dependence and to assess the factors influencing Tobacco dependence among rural population. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural areas of Nanjangud taluk for 6months from January 2022 to June 2022. Multistage sampling Technique was adopted to select the study population.one subcentre is selected randomly by lottery method, PPS sampling technique will be applied to select the required number of participants from the villages in the selected subcentre. Sample size is 362 individuals aged above 18years who comes under ICD10 criteria were included in the study. The data were gathered using the pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire by interview method, and the FRAGESTROM test to assess dependence on nicotine SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of Tobacco dependence among rural population of Nanjangud taluk is 62.40%. We found that tobacco dependence was significantly associated with gender, age group, occupation education, and socioeconomic status and there is no significant association between caste and Tobacco dependence. Conclusions: The present study concludes that the prevalence of tobacco dependence is high in a rural population. More tobacco free initiatives to be implemented.</jats:p

Post-Triassic mineralization in central New Brunswick: implications of the McBean Brook Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence

Mineralization at the McBean Brook Zn-Pb-Ag prospect (central New Brunswick) occurs in fault-brecciated Ordovician metasedimentary rocks and Mesozoic diabase dyke rocks. The dyke is interpreted to form part of the early Jurassic Caraquet dyke because it is on strike with the Caraquet dyke, has the same NE-SW orientation, and is similar in mineralogy (containing large plagioclase phenocrysts and olivine) and chemistry (e.g., TiO2 and Ga concentrations and Zr/Y ratios). Thus the mineralization at McBean Brook, consisting of carbonate, quartz, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, is probably early Jurassic or younger. Available data indicate chemical similarity with Ordovician massive sulphide deposits near Bathurst, New Brunswick, possibly reflecting the control of similar source rocks on the composition of hydrothermal solutions despite different tectonic conditions. Many Mesozoic or younger hydrothermal sulphide, magnetite and native copper showings occur in the Appalachian belt. Although these tend to be Pb-, Fe- or Cu-dominated, many have the reactivated fault zone-diabase association like that at McBean Brook. A widespread rift-related early Mesozoic episode of low-temperature hydrothermal activity may have affected the Appalachians, a possibility that should be kept in mind when estimating ages for ore deposits.&#x0D; &#x0D; RÉSUMÉ&#x0D; La minéralisation présente dans le prospect a Zn-Pb-Ag de McBean Brook (centre du Nouveau-Brunswick) s'est développée au sein de roches métasédimentaires ordoviciennes bréchifiées par une faille et de filons de dolérite mésozoiques. On interprète le filon comme faisant partie du filon de Caraquet (début du Jurassique) puisqu'il en à la direction ainsi que l'orientation NE-SO, et qu'il présente une minéralogie (contenant des phénocristaux de plagioclase de grande dimension et de l'olivine) et un chimisme (e.g. concentrations en TiO2 et Ga, rapports Zr/Y) semblables à ce dernier. La minéralisation rencontrée à McBean Brook, et qui comporte du quartz, de la pyrite, de la pyrrhotite, de la sphalérite, de la galene et de la chalcopyrite, est done probablement d'âge éojurassiqueou plus récent Les dormées disponibles indiquent une similitude chimique avec les amas sulfures ordoviciens près de Bathurst, au Nouveau-Brunswick, ce qui pourrait reftèter le controle exercé par des métallolectes semblables sur la composition des solutions hydrothermales, et ce en dépit de conditions tectoniques différentes. Plusicurs indices de sulfures hydrothermaux, de magnétite et de cuivre natif mésozoiques ou plus récents sont présents dans la chaine appalachienne. Bien qu'ils aient tendance à être dominés par le plomb, le fer ou le cuivre, la plupart montrent l’association entre une zone de faille réactivé et une dolérile, comme celle présente à McBean Brook, n se peut qu'un épisode répandu d'hydrothermalisme de faible température en liaison avec un fossé d'effondrement ait affecté les Appalaches au debut du Mésozoique. On doit envisager cette possibilité lorsqu'on estime l'âge des gites.&#x0D; &#x0D; [Traduit par le journal]</jats:p

Post-Triassic mineralization in central New Brunswick: implications of the McBean Brook Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence

Mineralization at the McBean Brook Zn-Pb-Ag prospect (central New Brunswick) occurs in fault-brecciated Ordovician metasedimentary rocks and Mesozoic diabase dyke rocks. The dyke is interpreted to form part of the early Jurassic Caraquet dyke because it is on strike with the Caraquet dyke, has the same NE-SW orientation, and is similar in mineralogy (containing large plagioclase phenocrysts and olivine) and chemistry (e.g., TiO2 and Ga concentrations and Zr/Y ratios). Thus the mineralization at McBean Brook, consisting of carbonate, quartz, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite, is probably early Jurassic or younger. Available data indicate chemical similarity with Ordovician massive sulphide deposits near Bathurst, New Brunswick, possibly reflecting the control of similar source rocks on the composition of hydrothermal solutions despite different tectonic conditions. Many Mesozoic or younger hydrothermal sulphide, magnetite and native copper showings occur in the Appalachian belt. Although these tend to be Pb-, Fe- or Cu-dominated, many have the reactivated fault zone-diabase association like that at McBean Brook. A widespread rift-related early Mesozoic episode of low-temperature hydrothermal activity may have affected the Appalachians, a possibility that should be kept in mind when estimating ages for ore deposits. R&#xC9;SUM&#xC9; La min&#xE9;ralisation pr&#xE9;sente dans le prospect a Zn-Pb-Ag de McBean Brook (centre du Nouveau-Brunswick) s'est d&#xE9;velopp&#xE9;e au sein de roches m&#xE9;tas&#xE9;dimentaires ordoviciennes br&#xE9;chifi&#xE9;es par une faille et de filons de dol&#xE9;rite m&#xE9;sozoiques. On interpr&#xE8;te le filon comme faisant partie du filon de Caraquet (d&#xE9;but du Jurassique) puisqu'il en &#xE0; la direction ainsi que l'orientation NE-SO, et qu'il pr&#xE9;sente une min&#xE9;ralogie (contenant des ph&#xE9;nocristaux de plagioclase de grande dimension et de l'olivine) et un chimisme (e.g. concentrations en TiO2 et Ga, rapports Zr/Y) semblables &#xE0; ce dernier. La min&#xE9;ralisation rencontr&#xE9;e &#xE0; McBean Brook, et qui comporte du quartz, de la pyrite, de la pyrrhotite, de la sphal&#xE9;rite, de la galene et de la chalcopyrite, est done probablement d'&#xE2;ge &#xE9;ojurassiqueou plus r&#xE9;cent Les dorm&#xE9;es disponibles indiquent une similitude chimique avec les amas sulfures ordoviciens pr&#xE8;s de Bathurst, au Nouveau-Brunswick, ce qui pourrait reft&#xE8;ter le controle exerc&#xE9; par des m&#xE9;tallolectes semblables sur la composition des solutions hydrothermales, et ce en d&#xE9;pit de conditions tectoniques diff&#xE9;rentes. Plusicurs indices de sulfures hydrothermaux, de magn&#xE9;tite et de cuivre natif m&#xE9;sozoiques ou plus r&#xE9;cents sont pr&#xE9;sents dans la chaine appalachienne. Bien qu'ils aient tendance &#xE0; &#xEA;tre domin&#xE9;s par le plomb, le fer ou le cuivre, la plupart montrent l’association entre une zone de faille r&#xE9;activ&#xE9; et une dol&#xE9;rile, comme celle pr&#xE9;sente &#xE0; McBean Brook, n se peut qu'un &#xE9;pisode r&#xE9;pandu d'hydrothermalisme de faible temp&#xE9;rature en liaison avec un foss&#xE9; d'effondrement ait affect&#xE9; les Appalaches au debut du M&#xE9;sozoique. On doit envisager cette possibilit&#xE9; lorsqu'on estime l'&#xE2;ge des gites. [Traduit par le journal