Epeiric Depositional Models for the Lower Cretaceous Washita Group North-Central Texas

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EnAbled: A Psychology Profile based Academic Compass to Build and Navigate Students' Learning Paths

Inthe moderneducational environmentstudents are faced with a plethora of different options in their learning journey during the University years. To help them to make optimal choices among all these options,that best correspond to their individual-ity, we have conducted a research project “Enabled: Educational Network Amplifying Learning Experience” (EnAbled). The project aims at “mapping” these choices to per-sonal preferences and individual learning styles. We allow students to either self-assess their profiles or usethe Lumina Psychological Traits of Behavioral Preferencestests.We argue that this approach will be beneficial not only to the students but also to the academics assisting them in the preparation and delivery of modules and providing them with more insight into what and how teaching is delivered

A compact statistical model of the song syntax in Bengalese finch

Songs of many songbird species consist of variable sequences of a finite number of syllables. A common approach for characterizing the syntax of these complex syllable sequences is to use transition probabilities between the syllables. This is equivalent to the Markov model, in which each syllable is associated with one state, and the transition probabilities between the states do not depend on the state transition history. Here we analyze the song syntax in a Bengalese finch. We show that the Markov model fails to capture the statistical properties of the syllable sequences. Instead, a state transition model that accurately describes the statistics of the syllable sequences includes adaptation of the self-transition probabilities when states are repeatedly revisited, and allows associations of more than one state to the same syllable. Such a model does not increase the model complexity significantly. Mathematically, the model is a partially observable Markov model with adaptation (POMMA). The success of the POMMA supports the branching chain network hypothesis of how syntax is controlled within the premotor song nucleus HVC, and suggests that adaptation and many-to-one mapping from neural substrates to syllables are important features of the neural control of complex song syntax

Cone beam computed tomography in pre-surgical assessment of mandibular third molars

DesignMulticentre, randomised controlled clinical trial.InterventionPatients referred for third molar removal received a digital panoramic radiograph(PR). Adults with one or more lower third molars in a close relationship with the mandibular canal were eligible for the study. Patients randomised to the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) group received a high resolution CBCT scan in addition to the PR. All lower third molar extractions were performed under local anaesthesia without sedation and without antibiotic prophylaxis. Information on variables such as experience of the surgeon, duration of surgery and technique for third molar removal were recorded.Outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was the number of patient-reported altered sensations one week after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the number of patients with an objective IAN injury; permanent IAN injury (&gt;6 months); occurrence of other postoperative complications (wound infection, alveolar osteitis); Oral Health Related Quality of Life-14, questionnaire responses; pain (VAS score); duration of surgery; number of emergency visits; and number of missed days of work or study.ResultsThree hundred and forty-one patients with 477 lower third molars were randomised from three centres. Two hundred and sixty-eight patients with 320 mandibular third molars were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle for the primary and secondary outcomes. The overall incidence of patient-reported altered sensations one week after surgery was 6.3%. At one week there was no difference in subjective IAN injury between the CBCT and PR group. No significant differences were noted between the two groups for any of the secondary outcomes recorded.ConclusionsAlthough CBCT is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for identification of an increased risk for IAN injury, the use of CBCT does not translate into a reduction of IAN injury and other postoperative complications, after removal of the complete mandibular third molar. In these selected cases with a high risk for IAN injury, an alternative strategy, such as monitoring or a coronectomy, might be more appropriate.</p

Perfectionism and self-conscious emotions in British and Japanese students: Predicting pride and embarrassment after success and failure

Regarding self-conscious emotions, studies have shown that different forms of perfectionism show different relationships with pride, shame, and embarrassment depending on success and failure. What is unknown is whether these relationships also show cultural variations. Therefore, we conducted a study investigating how self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism predicted pride and embarrassment after success and failure comparing 363 British and 352 Japanese students. Students were asked to respond to a set of scenarios where they imagined achieving either perfect (success) or flawed results (failure). In both British and Japanese students, self-oriented perfectionism positively predicted pride after success and embarrassment after failure whereas socially prescribed perfectionism predicted embarrassment after success and failure. Moreover, in Japanese students, socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted pride after success and self-oriented perfectionism negatively predicted pride after failure. The findings have implications for our understanding of perfectionism indicating that the perfectionism–pride relationship not only varies between perfectionism dimensions, but may also show cultural variations

Control of primary productivity and the significance of photosynthetic bacteria in a meromictic kettle lake.

During 1986 planktonic primary production and controlling factors were investigated in a small (A0 = 11.8 · 103 m2, Zmax = 11.5 m) meromictic kettle lake (Mittlerer Buchensee). Annual phytoplankton productivity was estimated to ca 120 gC · m–2 · a–1 (1,42 tC · lake–1 · a–1). The marked thermal stratification of the lake led to irregular vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentrations (Chla) and, to a minor extent, of photosynthesis (Az). Between the depths of 0 to 6 m low Chla concentrations (< 7 mg · m–3) and comparatively high background light attenuation (kw = 0,525 m–1, 77% of total attenuation due to gelbstoff and abioseston) was found. As a consequence, light absorption by algae was low (mean value 17,4%) and self-shading was absent. Because of the small seasonal variation of Chla concentrations, no significant correlation between Chla and areal photosynthesis (A) was observed. Only in early summer (June–July) biomass appears to influence the vertical distribution of photosynthesis on a bigger scale. Around 8 m depth, low-light adapted algae and phototrophic bacteria formed dense layers. Due to low ambient irradiances, the contribution of these organisms to total primary productivity was small. Primary production and incident irradiance were significantly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.68). Although the maximum assimilation number (Popt) showed a clear dependence upon water temperature (Q10 = 2.31), the latter was of minor importance to areal photosynthesis

Multidimensional Cosmology: Spatially Homogeneous models of dimension 4+1

In this paper we classify all 4+1 cosmological models where the spatial hypersurfaces are connected and simply connected homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. These models come in two categories, multiply transitive and simply transitive models. There are in all five different multiply transitive models which cannot be considered as a special case of a simply transitive model. The classification of simply transitive models, relies heavily upon the classification of the four dimensional (real) Lie algebras. For the orthogonal case, we derive all the equations of motion and give some examples of exact solutions. Also the problem of how these models can be compactified in context with the Kaluza-Klein mechanism, is addressed.Comment: 24 pages, no figures; Refs added, typos corrected. To appear in CQ

A cortical motor nucleus drives the basal ganglia-recipient thalamus in singing birds

The pallido-recipient thalamus transmits information from the basal ganglia to the cortex and is critical for motor initiation and learning. Thalamic activity is strongly inhibited by pallidal inputs from the basal ganglia, but the role of nonpallidal inputs, such as excitatory inputs from cortex, remains unclear. We simultaneously recorded from presynaptic pallidal axon terminals and postsynaptic thalamocortical neurons in a basal ganglia–recipient thalamic nucleus that is necessary for vocal variability and learning in zebra finches. We found that song-locked rate modulations in the thalamus could not be explained by pallidal inputs alone and persisted following pallidal lesion. Instead, thalamic activity was likely driven by inputs from a motor cortical nucleus that is also necessary for singing. These findings suggest a role for cortical inputs to the pallido-recipient thalamus in driving premotor signals that are important for exploratory behavior and learning.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01DC009183)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant K99NS067062)Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (Postdoctoral Fellowship)Charles A. King Trust (Postdoctoral Fellowship