AN ALL DIGITAL PHASE LOCKED LOOP

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 10-12, 1972 / International Hotel, Los Angeles, CaliforniaAn All Digital Phase Locked Loop for FM Demodulation is presented. The system operates synchronously and performs all required digital calculations within one sampling period, thereby performing as a real time special purpose computer. The signal to noise ratio is computed for frequency offsets and sinusoidal modulation and experimental results verify the theoretical calculations.International Foundation for TelemeteringProceedings from the International Telemetering Conference are made available by the International Foundation for Telemetering and the University of Arizona Libraries. Visit http://www.telemetry.org/index.php/contact-us if you have questions about items in this collection

'Policies in Motion', Urban Management and State Restructuring: The Trans-Local Expansion of Business Improvement Districts

This article examines the ways in which business improvement districts are being introduced into UK cities. In advancing this analysis, the focus here is on the means through which one or two Manhattan business improvement districts have been constructed as 'models' of urban management, taken out of their particular local/regional and national contexts and introduced into a diverse set of local political economic contexts in UK cities and towns. Examining the way business improvement districts have become a policy in motion, the article sketches out the emergence of entrepreneurial urban governance arrangements in the UK as part of the state's changing spatiality in the industrialized economies of Western Europe and North America. I argue that these changes make UK cities and towns increasingly receptive to the business improvement district model of downtown management. Seeking to move beyond the sometimes rather one-sided representations of policies that find themselves on the move, the article seeks to connect the 'exporting' and 'importing' zones of policy transfer, arguing for an open and permeable conceptualization of these places. It draws on work in Manhattan, New York to unpack the nature of the political-economic relations that business improvement districts were part of, before moving on to examine the dynamics of policy transfer and the early days of the introduction of this downtown 'model' into UK cities. Copyright (c) 2006 The Authors. Journal Compilation (c) 2006 Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.