Evaluating Barriers to Health in Homebound Individuals

Introduction. Homebound individuals in Vermont often have multiple comorbidities and can face significant food insecurity. In response to this problem, the Chittenden County Emergency Food Shelf (CEFS) Homebound Delivery Program (HDP) delivers one week of food per month to 130 individuals in Chittenden County, Vermont.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1084/thumbnail.jp

'Atypical' bacteria are a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised adults

Objectives. To assess the proportion of cases of community· acquired pneumonia caused by 'atypical' bacteria, inclUding the recently discovered Chlamydia pneumoniae, and to compare the clinical, radiographic and laboratory features of patients with and without 'atypical' bacteria.Methods. A prospective serological study was carried out on consecutive adult pneumonia patients from July 1987 to July 1988. Acute and convalescent sera were tested in batches for antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, C. pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Coxiella burnetii (phase-2 antigen) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (lgG and IgM). Records and chest radiographs were examined retrospectively.Results. Acute and convalescent sera were available from 113 patients. The records of 4 patients could not be traced and 17 patients did not fulfil the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two of these 92 patients (35,9%) were found to be infected with 'atypical' bacteria. The two most common organisms were C. pneumoniae (20,7%) and L. pneumophila (8,7%). There. were no differences in the clinical and radiographic features of patients with and without 'atypical' bacteria. Clinicians prescribed erythromycin or tetracyclines with equal frequency in the two groups.Conclusions. 'Atypical' bacteria, especially C. pneumoniae, are a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in South Africa. This is the first demonstration of an aetiological role of C. pneumoniae in this country. We confirmed the finding of other studies that there are no clinical, radiographic or laboratory features characteristic of 'atypical' bacterial infection in hospitalised patients. This has major implications for therapy, as these organisms respond to erythromycin and tetracyclines, but· not to β-lactam antibiotics

Efficacy of the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine, RotaTeq (RV5), Between Doses of a 3-Dose Series and With Less Than 3 Doses (Incomplete Regimen)

Post-hoc analyses of the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (RES T) were conducted to determine whether the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) confers early protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) before completion of the 3-dose regimen. To evaluate the efficacy of RV5 between doses in reducing the rates of RVGE-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants who ultimately received all 3 doses of RV5/placebo, events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second doses to receipt of the subsequent dose (Analysis A) and events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second doses to 2 weeks after the subsequent dose (Analysis B) were analyzed. In Analysis A, RV5 reduced the rates of combined hospitalizations and ED visits for G1-G4 RVGE or RVGE regardless of serotype between doses 1 and 2 by 100% [95% confidence interval (CI): 72-100%] or 82% (95% CI: 39-97%), respectively, and between doses 2 and 3, RV5 reduced the rates of combined hospitalizations and ED visits for G1-G4 RVGE or RVGE regardless of serotype by 91% (95% CI: 63-99%) or 84% (95% CI: 54-96%), respectively. Similar rate reductions were observed in Analysis B. These data suggest that RV5 provides a high level of protection between doses against hospitalizations and ED visits for RVGE starting as early as 14 days after the first dose

Entomofauna associada a pastagens na região de Chapada de Areia, Tocantins.

Áreas de pastagens abrigam uma abundante entomofauna que inclui tanto insetos-praga como inimigos naturais, tornando-se necessário o conhecimento acerca da entomofauna associada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento da entomofauna visando o conhecimento da biodiversidade presente neste agroecossistema. Durante o período de julho a outubro de 2022, insetos foram coletados na Fazenda São Geraldo, localizada no município de Chapada de Areia, Estado do Tocantins (TO), utilizando uma armadilha luminosa modelo “Luiz de Queiroz”. Os insetos coletados foram armazenados em recipientes contendo álcool 70% e encaminhados para o laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa em Palmas–TO, para realização da triagem, contagem e identificação. Neste estudo foram coletados 2.391 insetos, abrangendo sete ordens e 50 famílias. As ordens Lepidoptera, Hemiptera e Coleoptera contribuíram com o maior número de insetos capturados. Dentre as famílias encontradas, destacam-se besouros das famílias Scarabaeidae e Staphylinidae, que possuem um papel ecológico na reciclagem de nutrientes, e as famílias Cicadellidae e Noctuidae, que abrange várias espécies de insetos-praga associados às pastagens

Unexpectedly high burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in very young infants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The highest incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis has generally been reported in children 6-24 months of age. Young infants are thought to be partially protected by maternal antibodies acquired transplacentally or via breast milk. The purpose of our study was to assess the age distribution of children with confirmed community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis presenting to an urban referral hospital.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Children presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with acute gastroenteritis have been monitored for the presence of rotavirus antigen in the stool by ELISA (followed by genotyping if ELISA-positive) since the 1994-95 epidemic season.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over the last 12 rotavirus seasons prior to the introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in 2006, stool specimens from 1646 patients tested positive for community-acquired rotavirus infection. Gender or age was not recorded in 6 and 5 cases, respectively. Overall, 58% of the cases occurred in boys. G1 was the predominant VP7 serotype, accounting for 72% of cases. The median (IQR) age was 11 (5-21) months. A total of 790 (48%) cases occurred in children outside the commonly quoted peak age range, with 27% in infants <6 months of age and 21% in children >24 months of age. A total of 220 (13%) cases occurred during the first 3 months of life, and the highest number of episodes per month of age [97 (6%)] was observed during the second month of life.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The incidence of community-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis monitored over 12 seasons in the prevaccine era at a major university hospital was nearly constant for each month of age during the first year of life, revealing an unexpectedly high incidence of symptomatic rotavirus disease in infants <3 months old. A sizeable fraction of cases occurred in children too young to have been vaccinated according to current recommendations.</p

Nucleotide metabolism in cancer cells fuels a UDP-driven macrophage cross-talk, promoting immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance

: Many individuals with cancer are resistant to immunotherapies. Here, we identify the gene encoding the pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme cytidine deaminase (CDA) among the top upregulated metabolic genes in several immunotherapy-resistant tumors. We show that CDA in cancer cells contributes to the uridine diphosphate (UDP) pool. Extracellular UDP hijacks immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through its receptor P2Y6. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of CDA in cancer cells (or P2Y6 in TAMs) disrupts TAM-mediated immunosuppression, promoting cytotoxic T cell entry and susceptibility to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) treatment in resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and melanoma models. Conversely, CDA overexpression in CDA-depleted PDACs or anti-PD-1-responsive colorectal tumors or systemic UDP administration (re)establishes resistance. In individuals with PDAC, high CDA levels in cancer cells correlate with increased TAMs, lower cytotoxic T cells and possibly anti-PD-1 resistance. In a pan-cancer single-cell atlas, CDAhigh cancer cells match with T cell cytotoxicity dysfunction and P2RY6high TAMs. Overall, we suggest CDA and P2Y6 as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy

GeoNode-BR: comunidade brasileira para a colaboração entre usuários do software GeoNode.

O GeoNode é uma solução web para o gerenciamento de recursos espaciais [1], e para a implantação de Infraestruturas de Dados Espaciais (IDEs). É uma solução livre e de código aberto, que oferece suporte aos padrões do Open Geoespatial Consortium (OGC) [2], além de ser extensível e interoperável com outras plataformas. O GeoNode possui uma estrutura de metadados baseada na ISO 19115 [3], essa aplicação Free Open Source Software (FOSS) GIS web tem sido uma ótima alternativa para implantar IDE e, por essa razão, tem sido muito adotada por empresas e instituições que possuem grande acervo de dados espaciais no Brasil e no mundo. Desta forma, visando trocar experiências sobre a aplicação FOSS GeoNode, profissionais de gestão de geoinformação da Embrapa, CPRM, ANA, IBGE e Geobases criaram um Grupo de Trabalho (GT) com reuniões periódicas a partir de 2020. Destas reuniões surgiu o interesse em criar uma comunidade brasileira de usuários GeoNode, e organizar um primeiro evento para disseminar, compartilhar e difundir conhecimentos sobre essa aplicação FOSS GIS, além de identificar outras iniciativas, em curso no país, que também estejam utilizando o GeoNode

GeoNode-BR: comunidade brasileira para a colaboração entre usuários do software GeoNode.

O GeoNode é uma solução web para o gerenciamento de recursos espaciais [1], e para a implantação de Infraestruturas de Dados Espaciais (IDEs). É uma solução livre e de código aberto, que oferece suporte aos padrões do Open Geoespatial Consortium (OGC) [2], além de ser extensível e interoperável com outras plataformas. O GeoNode possui uma estrutura de metadados baseada na ISO 19115 [3], essa aplicação Free Open Source Software (FOSS) GIS web tem sido uma ótima alternativa para implantar IDE e, por essa razão, tem sido muito adotada por empresas e instituições que possuem grande acervo de dados espaciais no Brasil e no mundo. Desta forma, visando trocar experiências sobre a aplicação FOSS GeoNode, profissionais de gestão de geoinformação da Embrapa, CPRM, ANA, IBGE e Geobases criaram um Grupo de Trabalho (GT) com reuniões periódicas a partir de 2020. Destas reuniões surgiu o interesse em criar uma comunidade brasileira de usuários GeoNode, e organizar um primeiro evento para disseminar, compartilhar e difundir conhecimentos sobre essa aplicação FOSS GIS, além de identificar outras iniciativas, em curso no país, que também estejam utilizando o GeoNode

BRS A701 CL: nova cultivar de arroz irrigado para o sistema Clearfield no Rio Grande do Sul.

A Embrapa apresenta seu novo lançamento comercial, a BRS A701 CL, fonte de tolerância aos herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas, sendo considerada de segunda geração. A BRS A701CL foi desenvolvida utilizando gene que confere resistência a herbicidas da classe das imidazolinonas, identificado na própria espécie Oryza sativa L., não havendo necessidade de ?importação? de genes de outras espécies para a composição do genoma da nova cultivar. Os testes de campo foram iniciados em 2010/11 e, em 27/10/2015 o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) concedeu o registro nº 34460 para cultivo no Rio Grande do Sul