Capacity market design options: a dynamic capacity investment model and a GB case study

Rising feed-in from renewable energy sources decreases margins, load factors, and thereby profitability of conventional generation in several electricity markets around the world. At the same time, conventional generation is still needed to ensure security of electricity supply. Therefore, capacity markets are currently being widely discussed as a measure to ensure generation adequacy in markets such as France, Germany, and the United States (e.g., Texas), or even implemented for example in Great Britain. We assess the effect of different capacity market design options in three scenarios: 1) no capacity market, 2) a capacity market for new capacity only, and 3) a capacity market for new and existing capacity. We compare the results along the three key dimensions of electricity policy ��� affordability, reliability, and sustainability. In a Great Britain case study we find that a capacity market increases generation adequacy since it provides incentives for new generation investments. Furthermore, our results show that a capacity market can lower the total bill of generation because it can reduce lost load and the potential to exercise market power. Additionally, we find that a capacity market for new capacity only is cheaper than a capacity market for new and existing capacity because it remunerates fewer generators in the first years after its introduction.renewable energy source

Barut-Girardello coherent states for u(p,q) and sp(N,R) and their macroscopic superpositions

The Barut-Girardello coherent states (BG CS) representation is extended to the noncompact algebras u(p,q) and sp(N,R) in (reducible) quadratic boson realizations. The sp(N,R) BG CS take the form of multimode ordinary Schr\"odinger cat states. Macroscopic superpositions of 2^{n-1} sp(N,R) CS (2^n canonical CS, n=1,2,...) are pointed out which are overcomplete in the N-mode Hilbert space and the relation between the canonical CS and the u(p,q) BG-type CS representations is established. The sets of u(p,q) and sp(N,R) BG CS and their discrete superpositions contain many states studied in quantum optics (even and odd N-mode CS, pair CS) and provide an approach to quadrature squeezing, alternative to that of intelligent states. New subsets of weakly and strongly nonclassical states are pointed out and their statistical properties (first- and second-order squeezing, photon number distributions) are discussed. For specific values of the angle parameters and small amplitude of the canonical CS components these states approaches multimode Fock states with one, two or three bosons/photons. It is shown that eigenstates of a squared non-Hermitian operator A^2 (generalized cat states) can exhibit squeezing of the quadratures of A.Comment: 29 pages, LaTex, 5 figures. Improvements in text, corrections in some formulas. To appear in J. Phys. A, v. 3

Robertson Intelligent States

Diagonalization of uncertainty matrix and minimization of Robertson inequality for n observables are considered. It is proved that for even n this relation is minimized in states which are eigenstates of n/2 independent complex linear combinations of the observables. In case of canonical observables this eigenvalue condition is also necessary. Such minimizing states are called Robertson intelligent states (RIS). The group related coherent states (CS) with maximal symmetry (for semisimple Lie groups) are particular case of RIS for the quadratures of Weyl generators. Explicit constructions of RIS are considered for operators of su(1,1), su(2), h_N and sp(N,R) algebras. Unlike the group related CS, RIS can exhibit strong squeezing of group generators. Multimode squared amplitude squeezed states are naturally introduced as sp(N,R) RIS. It is shown that the uncertainty matrices for quadratures of q-deformed boson operators a_{q,j} (q > 0) and of any k power of a_j = a_{1,j} are positive definite and can be diagonalized by symplectic linear transformations. PACS numbers: 03.65.Fd, 42.50.DvComment: 23 pages, LaTex. Minor changes in text and references. Accepted in J. Phys.

On the evolution of superposition of squeezed displaced number states with the multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model

In this paper we discuss the quantum properties for superposition of squeezed displaced number states against multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model (JCM). In particular, we investigate atomic inversion, photon-number distribution, purity, quadrature squeezing, Mandel $Q$ parameter and Wigner function. We show that the quadrature squeezing for three-photon absorption case can exhibit revivals and collapses typical to those occurring in the atomic inversion for one-photon absorption case. Also we prove that for odd number absorption parameter there is a connection between the evolution of the atomic inversion and the evolution of the Wigner function at the origin in phase space. Furthermore, we show that the nonclassical states whose the Wigner functions values at the origins are negative will be always nonclassical when they are evolving through the JCM with even absorption parameter. Also we demonstrate that various types of cat states can be generated via this system.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Two-photon parametric pumping versus two-photon absorption: A quantum jump approach

Published versio

Chemoproteomics reveals Toll-like receptor fatty acylation

Partial funding for Open Access provided by The Ohio State University Open Access Fund.Background: Palmitoylation is a 16-carbon lipid post-translational modification that increases protein hydrophobicity. This form of protein fatty acylation is emerging as a critical regulatory modification for multiple aspects of cellular interactions and signaling. Despite recent advances in the development of chemical tools for the rapid identification and visualization of palmitoylated proteins, the palmitoyl proteome has not been fully defined. Here we sought to identify and compare the palmitoylated proteins in murine fibroblasts and dendritic cells. Results: A total of 563 putative palmitoylation substrates were identified, more than 200 of which have not been previously suggested to be palmitoylated in past proteomic studies. Here we validate the palmitoylation of several new proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 5 and 10, CD80, CD86, and NEDD4. Palmitoylation of TLR2, which was uniquely identified in dendritic cells, was mapped to a transmembrane domain-proximal cysteine. Inhibition of TLR2 S-palmitoylation pharmacologically or by cysteine mutagenesis led to decreased cell surface expression and a decreased inflammatory response to microbial ligands. Conclusions: This work identifies many fatty acylated proteins involved in fundamental cellular processes as well as cell type-specific functions, highlighting the value of examining the palmitoyl proteomes of multiple cell types. Spalmitoylation of TLR2 is a previously unknown immunoregulatory mechanism that represents an entirely novel avenue for modulation of TLR2 inflammatory activity.This work was supported by funding from the NIH/NIAID (grant R00AI095348 to J.S.Y.), the NIH/NIGMS (R01GM087544 to HCH), and the Ohio State University Public Health Preparedness for Infectious Diseases (PHPID) program. NMC is supported by the Ohio State University Systems and Integrative Biology Training Program (NIH/NIGMS grant T32GM068412). BWZ is a fellow of the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-0937362)

Superhard Phases of Simple Substances and Binary Compounds of the B-C-N-O System: from Diamond to the Latest Results (a Review)

The basic known and hypothetic one- and two-element phases of the B-C-N-O system (both superhard phases having diamond and boron structures and precursors to synthesize them) are described. The attention has been given to the structure, basic mechanical properties, and methods to identify and characterize the materials. For some phases that have been recently described in the literature the synthesis conditions at high pressures and temperatures are indicated.Comment: Review on superhard B-C-N-O phase

Corrigendum: Wind turbine stability: Comparison of state-of-the-art aeroelastic simulation tools (2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1618 052048)

Remark: The initial publication of this paper showed results with a noticeable deviation between Bladed and the other simulation tools. However, this was due to erroneous structural input data. All Bladed results in this paper have been recomputed with the correct structural input and the corresponding figures have been updated. Especially blade eigenfrequencies and stability limits are affected. Page 3: In the Model verification section, second paragraph, the following sentence appears, referring to table 1: The most noticeable differences are the first and second torsion modes in Bladed, with a deviation up to 10% with respect to the Ansys® model. With this sentence removed, the paragraph reads: The blade mass, center of gravity position and modal parameters are compared to verify a correct implementation of the blade structure. The blade mass and c.o.g. are in good agreement with deviations well below 1 %. The first 12 eigenfrequencies of the isolated blade are listed in Table 2. The overall agreement is satisfying. Furthermore, the eigenfrequencies in alaska/Wind are consistently slightly lower than the other tools, but stay in acceptable bounds. (Table Presented) Page 4: In the Model verification section, the following text appears: The Bladed results show the largest discrepancy, which correlates to the deviations of the torsional modes in the eigenvalue analysis. It should read: The Bladed results show the largest discrepancy. Page 4: In the Model verification section, figure 1 is as follows: (Table Presented) The corrected figure is: (Figure Presented) Page 6: In the Model verification section, original figure 2 is: (Figure Presented) The corrected figure 2 is: (Figure Presented) Page 6: In the Model verification section, original figure 3 is: (Figure Presented) The updated figure is as follows: (Figure Presented) Page 7: In the Run-away simulations section, original figure 4 is: (Figure Presented) The corrections yield differences in the time domain simulation in Bladed, as shown in the updated figure 4: (Figure Presented) Page 8: In the Run-away simulations section, the following text appears: (Figure Presented) The first instability occurs in OpenFAST at a wind speed of approx. 10.8 m/s and the last in alaska/Wind at 13.2 m/s. The graphs also show a large variation in the qualitative vibration behavior in the unstable regime, ranging from well organized and rather harmonic vibrations (Bladed and Simpack) to more stochastic and chaotic vibrations (OpenFAST, HAWC2 and alaska/Wind). It should read: The first instability occurs in OpenFAST at a wind speed of approx. 10.8 m/s and the last in alaska/Wind at 13.2 m/s. Bladed, HAWC2 and Simpack results are in better agreement, where the limit is located in the vicinity of 12.6 m/s wind speed. The graphs also show a large variation in the qualitative vibration behavior in the unstable regime, ranging from well organized and rather harmonic vibrations (Bladed and Simpack) to more stochastic and chaotic vibrations (OpenFAST, HAWC2 and alaska/Wind). Page 8: In the Run-away simulations section, original figure 5 is: (Figure Presented) The corrected figure is as follows: (Figure Presented)

Uncertainty quantification of structural blade parameters for the aeroelastic damping of wind turbines: a code-to-code comparison

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a well-established category of methods to estimate the effect of parameter variations on a quantity of interest based on a solid mathematical foundation. In the wind energy field most UQ studies focus on the sensitivity of turbine loads. This article presents a framework, wrapped around a modern Python UQ library, to analyze the impact of uncertain turbine properties on aeroelastic stability. The UQ methodology applies a polynomial chaos expansion surrogate model. A comparison is made between different wind turbine simulation tools on the engineering model level (alaska/Wind, Bladed, HAWC2/HAWCStab2, and Simpack). Two case studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method to analyze the sensitivity of the aeroelastic damping of an unstable turbine mode to variations of structural blade cross-section parameters. The code-to-code comparison shows good agreement between the simulation tools for the reference model, but also significant differences in the sensitivities

Dissect: detection and characterization of novel structural alterations in transcribed sequences

Motivation: Computational identification of genomic structural variants via high-throughput sequencing is an important problem for which a number of highly sophisticated solutions have been recently developed. With the advent of high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq), the problem of identifying structural alterations in the transcriptome is now attracting significant attention